US2688547A - Single powder developers having improved physical characteristics and method of forming the same - Google Patents
Single powder developers having improved physical characteristics and method of forming the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2688547A US2688547A US341612A US34161253A US2688547A US 2688547 A US2688547 A US 2688547A US 341612 A US341612 A US 341612A US 34161253 A US34161253 A US 34161253A US 2688547 A US2688547 A US 2688547A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- single powder
- alkali
- phthalic anhydride
- developer
- developers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 13
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Inorganic materials [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-amino-2-methylphenyl) hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940076133 sodium carbonate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RVGOBWDGAVAVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RVGOBWDGAVAVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZHNYWSJFVZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminophenol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1N HDZHNYWSJFVZIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WRUZLCLJULHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WRUZLCLJULHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBZKQQHYRPRKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfite Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O WBZKQQHYRPRKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RBWOKKSOBWYZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-octyl benzenecarbothioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RBWOKKSOBWYZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/264—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof
- G03C5/265—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof of powders, granulates, tablets
Definitions
- This invention relates to single powder photographic developers, and more particularly to single powder developer compositions, containing stabilizing materials, which compositions have been treated by a novel method to impart improved stability to the single powder developers over a wide range of elevated temperatures.
- Single powder developer mixtures may contain an organic developer component or mixtures of such components, including monomethyl paraminophenol sulfate (elon or metol), hydroquinone, p-aminophenol hydrochloride, p-aminophenol sulfate, pyrogallol, parahydroxyphenyl glycine, catechol, diaminophenol hydrochloride, and others, with an alkaline component, a stabilizing component, an oxidizing preventer and an antifogging component.
- the alkali component may be the stable hydrate of an alkali carbonate, a desiccated alkali carbonate, or an alkali sulfite. Generally the stable alkali carbonate monohydrate is preferred.
- the oxidation preventing component may be an alkali sulfite or bisulfite and the anti-fogging component may be potassium bromide or iodide.
- Stabilizing components for such a single powder developer include maleic anhydride, salicylic acid, alkali metabisulfite, benzoic anhydride, orthobenzoic sulfimide, phatalimide, and phthalic anhydride.
- phthalic anhydride has outstanding stabilizing properties in the presence of either sodium carbonate or borax and has been employed considerably more than the other stabilizers mentioned in that patent.
- Phthalic anhydride has been employed most successfully in developer compositions having as the alkali component either sodium. carbonate or sodium sulfite, or mixtures thereof.
- phthalic anhydride when used alone in sufiicient amounts for stabilizing purposes, may react due in part to temperature effects with these basic substances and form gas under sufiicient pressure to distend the hermetically sealed can in which the developer powder is packaged, and often cause a portion of the powder to be ejected with some violence as the package is opened by removing the rip strip from the can.
- a second objection to using phthalic anhydride as a stabilizer in such single powder developers in the manner described in Patent 2,384,592 is that it has a relatively slow rate of solution as compared to the solution rat of the other ingredients of the composition. This rate is improved somewhat by employing phthalic anhydride which has been finely ground so as to pass a mesh screen size. This fine phthalic anhydride is found to dissolve approximately as rapidly as do the residual components, but it has a tendency to float to the top of the liquid and create an unsightly scum while being dissolved.
- An object, therefore, of the present invention is to provide an. improved method for treating stabilized single powder photographic developers to improve their physical properties.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method for treating single powder developers which contain phthalic anhydride as the stabilizing agent whereby the tendency of this anhydride to form gas pressure when the single powder is enclosed in sealed containers is substantially diminished.
- a further object of this invention is a single powder photographic developer which is stabilized with phthalic anhydride and which has on heating up to F. a gas pressure of not more than 3 cm. of mercury.
- This advantageous result may possibly be due to a mild agglomerating action taking place due to moisture released during the heating from hydrated components of the mixture. This would result in less dust in the mixture and would improve the quality of the packet seal since it is known that in the case of a dusty product it is practically impossible to obtain a perfect seal.
- Single powder preparations were made of these three formulas using phthalic anhydride as the protectant. Portions of these preparations were then heated to 130-140" F., allowed to cool somewhat and then packaged in sanitary cans. The unheated single powder preparations were packaged as checks on the effectiveness of the heating operation to eliminate pressure buildup.
- Example 1 Elon 115 grains Sodium sulfite 12 ozs. Hydroquinone 1 oz., 30 grains Sod. carbonate monohydrate 'l ozs. Potassium bromide 290 grains Phthalic anhydride 46 grains
- One sample was heated to approximately 140 F., cooled and packaged. After '72 hours at 120 F., the sample, cooled to room temperature, showed a pressure of 2.5 cm. mercury. The check sample which was not heated before packaging showed a pressure of 23.0 cm. mercury after the same keeping time.
- Example 2 Elon 175 grains Sodium sulfite W 6 ozs. Hydroquinone 1 oz., 260 grains Sod. carbonate monohydrate 10 ozs. Potassium bromide 115 grains Phthalic anhydride 41 grains A sample in a hermetically sealed can, after 24 hours keeping at 120 F., showed a pressure of 30 cm. mercury. A sample which had been heated to 130 F. and cooled prior to packaging showed a slight Vacuum after a correspondveyed through a screw feeding device having ing incubation.
- Example 3 Elon 90 grains Sodium sulfite 3 025. Hydroquinone 350 grains Sod. carbonate monohydrate 2% ozs. Potassium bromide 90 grains Phthalic anhydride 14 grains In this case the untreated check sample developed a pressure of 6 cm. mercury whereas the sample which had been heated to 135 F. had a slight vacuum.
- the packaging of the treated developer may be conducted at approximately room temperature i. e. 20 C. or at any temperature up to that of the heat treatment.
- the heating of the single powder developer composition can be accomplished in a suitable manner.
- the powder can be conheated walls and an internally heated screw.
- a heated rotating cylinder may also be employed for continuous operation.
- the heated jacketed screw has been employed successfully. Steam at approximately atmospheric pressure may be employed as the heating medium. Suitable temperature controls are employed in accordance with well known practices to maintain the temperature of the single powder developers in the range of 130-140 F. Th apparatus is operated to heat a given portion of the powder for one to two minutes. Heating for one minute gives a satisfactory product. Longer periods of heating may be employed but appear to offer no particular advantage.
- a single powder photographic developer composition which has been heat treated for 1 to 2 minutes at a temperature within the range of -l30 F. containing an organic silver halide developer, a preservative selected from the group consisting of alkali sulfite and alkali bisulfite, a buffer compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of carbonic acid and phosphoric acid, an anti-fogging agent and a stabilizing compound comprising phthalic anhydride and having a vapor pressure in a sealed container of less than 3 cm. of mercury.
- a single powder photographic developer composition which has been heat treated for 1 to 2 minutes at a temperature within the range of 120-130 F. containing an organic silver halide developer, a preservative selected from the group consisting of alkali sulfite and alkali bisulfite, a buffer compound. selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of carbonic acid and phosphoric acid, an anti-fogging agent selected from the group consisting of potassium bromide and potassium iodide and a stabilizing compound comprising phthalic anhydride and having a vapor pressure in a sealed container of less than 3 cm. of mercury if heated to F.
- a single powder photographic developer composition which has been heat treated for 1 to 2 minutes at a temperature within the range of 120-130 F. containing monomethyl p-aminophenol sulfate, hydroquinone, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate monohydrate, potassium bromide and phthalic anhydride and having a vapor pressure in a sealed container of less than 3 cm. of mercury.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE527008D BE527008A (en, 2012) | 1953-03-10 | ||
| US341612A US2688547A (en) | 1953-03-10 | 1953-03-10 | Single powder developers having improved physical characteristics and method of forming the same |
| GB6665/54A GB739846A (en) | 1953-03-10 | 1954-03-08 | Improvements in photographic developer compositions |
| FR1095169D FR1095169A (fr) | 1953-03-10 | 1954-03-10 | Procédé de stabilisation des révélateurs photographiques en une seule poudre et nouveaux révélateurs obtenus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US341612A US2688547A (en) | 1953-03-10 | 1953-03-10 | Single powder developers having improved physical characteristics and method of forming the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2688547A true US2688547A (en) | 1954-09-07 |
Family
ID=23338284
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US341612A Expired - Lifetime US2688547A (en) | 1953-03-10 | 1953-03-10 | Single powder developers having improved physical characteristics and method of forming the same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2688547A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE527008A (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR1095169A (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB739846A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4917992A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1990-04-17 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Developing agents |
-
0
- BE BE527008D patent/BE527008A/xx unknown
-
1953
- 1953-03-10 US US341612A patent/US2688547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1954
- 1954-03-08 GB GB6665/54A patent/GB739846A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-03-10 FR FR1095169D patent/FR1095169A/fr not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4917992A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1990-04-17 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Developing agents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB739846A (en) | 1955-11-02 |
| FR1095169A (fr) | 1955-05-27 |
| BE527008A (en, 2012) |
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