US2592366A - Noncaking photographic acid fixing powders - Google Patents
Noncaking photographic acid fixing powders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2592366A US2592366A US210283A US21028351A US2592366A US 2592366 A US2592366 A US 2592366A US 210283 A US210283 A US 210283A US 21028351 A US21028351 A US 21028351A US 2592366 A US2592366 A US 2592366A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fixing
- acid
- powders
- hardening
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 9
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical class CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal acetate Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical class [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011124 aluminium ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;diacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017454 sodium diacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
- G03C5/386—Hardening-fixing
Definitions
- This invention relates to photographicfixing powders, and more particularly to an improved single-powder acid fixing powder composition which has substantially no tendency to cake while in a package and exposed to various atmospheric conditions.
- the hardening agent most commonly employed is alum i. e. potassium aluminum sulfate or ammonium aluminum sulfate.
- alum i. e. potassium aluminum sulfate or ammonium aluminum sulfate.
- Many fixing powders of the acid hardening type "in addition to hypo contain potassium alum as parallels the actual conditions under which the bath 'is employed.
- the type of curve obtained with the usual fixing bath is one which quickly rises to a maximum and then rapidly falls as more developer is added. When a moderate amount of developer has been added the fixing bath will no I ,longer harden satisfactorily.
- Hardening life is defined as the amount of fixing which can be done during which the fixing bath retains a satisfactory degree of hardening. Hardening life may be measured by plotting the temperature at which the gelatin film begins to melt against the amount of a developer which has been added to the fixing bath. This closely stead of sodium acetate.
- Patent 1,930,140 of October 10, 1933 a successful method of increasing the hardening life of .a. fixing bath without adversely affecting any of its other qualities is described.
- Fixing baths made in accordance with the procedure of Patent 1,930,140 will maintain satisfactorily hardening over a much wider range, in other words,- they will still harden satisfactorily "When a large amount of developer has been added to them.
- the acid fixing powders contain a substance capable of furnish-' ing acid components to the bath, such as an alkali metal acetate and boric acid. Satisfactory substances which furnish the acetate ion are sodium acetate and sodium diacetate though other acetates may be employed. Sodium citrate and sodium tartrate may also be employed in-
- the boric acid is added either as such or is supplied by borax and acetic acid in solution. A small amount of boric acid is, therefore, present in the fixing bath simultaneously with the acetate ion. Alum is also present in the bath composition.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an acid fixing powder having improved hardening characteristics without the tendency of caking at elevated temperatures.
- boric anhydride in the acid fixing powders with boric anhydride.
- the boric anhydride may contain up to 15.0% by weight of free moisture and still be usable in our improved fixing bath.
- Our studies have indicated that boric anhydride has an advantageous desiccating action and also has the desirable property of remaining as a dry powder upon reacting with the amount of moisture present in the acid fixing powders, that moisture heretofore being the cause of caking.
- boric anhydride can be substituted in corrected amount of the boric acid in acid fixing powders, as mentioned above, without any apparent disadvantages. This substitution has the great advantage of virtually eliminating the caking of the fixing powder. When these powders are put in a water solution, the boric anhydride forms boric acid in the desired amount.
- compositions in Examples 1 and 2 are put in solution in water to make up one liter of fixing bath. These fixing baths will give a greatly increased hardening life. Theyiwill still harden satisfactorily when from three to four times as much developer is carried over as will render many acid fixing baths unfit for further use.
- the preferred range of concentration of the acetate ions is from 10 grams per liter to 40 grams per'liter, and the amount of hardeners is not less than 5 grams and is preferably less than 30 grams per liter.
- Boric anhydride may be present in Only 56.3% of the boric acid content normally present in such baths is requited as boric anhydride, due to the higher borate content in the anhydride.
- Comparative test A sample of acid fixing powder of the present invention shown in Example 2 and containing sodium acetate. After one day at 110 F. the acid fixing powder containing boric acid had caked considerably, while the boric anhydride acid fix was perfectly free flowing. After one week at 110 F. the regular fixer was moderately caked and the other with the boric anhydride was free flowing. The solution rate of the boric anhydride fixer sample was comparable to the regular, if not better. It can be considered better in that no slowly soluble lumps are introduced into the solution as is the case with a caked material.
- Our invention therefore, supplies to the art a valuable improvement in the fixing powder field.
- a non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali sulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and a salt of-a solid organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic, citric and tartaric acids.
- a noncaking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali bisulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and a salt of a solid organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic, citric and tartaric acids.
- a non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali sulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and an alkali metal acetate.
- a non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, alum, boric anhydride and sodium acetate.
- a non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, alum, boric anhydride and sodium citrate.
- a substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising:
- a substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising I Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium acetate 18.0 Boric anhydride 2.8
- a substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium citrate 18.0 Boric anhydride I 2.8
- a substantially non-caking powderedmaterial capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising ,Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate j 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium tartrate 18.0 Boric anhydride 2.8
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 8, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT crimes 1 NONCAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC ACID FIXING POWDERS;
Edwin s. Wiitala and Donald J. Kridel, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a. corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application February 9, 1951,
Serial No. 210,283
9 Claims. 1
This invention relates to photographicfixing powders, and more particularly to an improved single-powder acid fixing powder composition which has substantially no tendency to cake while in a package and exposed to various atmospheric conditions.
Fixing compositions in powder form containing in addition to sodium thiosulfate, commonly called hypo, other substances such as salts of acetic acid, alum, etc., have been known for many years. Fixing solutions which are made by adding water to such powder compositions perform several functions in addition to fixing out the unexposed silver salts of the photographicemulsion. The acid in them neutralizes the developer carried over by films or prints and prevents the fixing bath from becoming alkaline. A hardening agent is often included in such formulas to harden the emulsion and protect it from mechanical injury during subsequent processing or from the slightly elevated temperature employed in drying. Sulfurization inhibitors are also added to prevent interaction between the acids and the thiosulfate. The hardening agent most commonly employed is alum i. e. potassium aluminum sulfate or ammonium aluminum sulfate. Many fixing powders of the acid hardening type "in addition to hypo contain potassium alum as parallels the actual conditions under which the bath 'is employed. The type of curve obtained with the usual fixing bath is one which quickly rises to a maximum and then rapidly falls as more developer is added. When a moderate amount of developer has been added the fixing bath will no I ,longer harden satisfactorily.
or more of the other properties is 'sacrificedto some extent. Thus, for example, it is possible that if an attempt is made to secure the maximum degree of hardening, the rate of sulfurization or of sludging may be adversely affected. Consequently there are several features in present fixing compositions which should be bettered and the instant invention describes such an improvement.
Hardening life is defined as the amount of fixing which can be done during which the fixing bath retains a satisfactory degree of hardening. Hardening life may be measured by plotting the temperature at which the gelatin film begins to melt against the amount of a developer which has been added to the fixing bath. This closely stead of sodium acetate.
' hardening life.
In Patent 1,930,140 of October 10, 1933, a successful method of increasing the hardening life of .a. fixing bath without adversely affecting any of its other qualities is described. Fixing baths made in accordance with the procedure of Patent 1,930,140 will maintain satisfactorily hardening over a much wider range, in other words,- they will still harden satisfactorily "When a large amount of developer has been added to them.
As described in the patent, the acid fixing powders contain a substance capable of furnish-' ing acid components to the bath, such as an alkali metal acetate and boric acid. Satisfactory substances which furnish the acetate ion are sodium acetate and sodium diacetate though other acetates may be employed. Sodium citrate and sodium tartrate may also be employed in- The boric acid is added either as such or is supplied by borax and acetic acid in solution. A small amount of boric acid is, therefore, present in the fixing bath simultaneously with the acetate ion. Alum is also present in the bath composition.
These fixing baths will give a greatly increased They will still harden satisfactorily when from three to four times as much developer is carried over as will render an ordinary bath unfit for futher use.
While these fixing baths operate very satisfactorily. the powders, to which water is added to make up the bath, are-sold in a packaged form These-powders, per se, introduce another difficulty in the problem of obtaining effective fixing operations. I
It 'was found at elevated temperatures e. F. and above that the powders made inaccordance with Patent 1,930,140 tended to cake together and hence cause diificulty in removing a desired amount from the package.-
This caking appears to be a result of moisture liberation from the alum and other powders at such elevated temperatures. On cooling, the liberated moisture is in sufficient amount to cause in which they are quite uniformly mixed together.
fusion of the powder, possibly as hydrates of the hypo.
proved hardening characteristics as comparedto those disclosed in the prior art.
amounts up to 20 grams per liter.
3 Another object of the invention is to provide an acid fixing powder having improved hardening characteristics without the tendency of caking at elevated temperatures.
In accordance with the invention these and other objects are attained by replacing boric acid.
in the acid fixing powders with boric anhydride. The boric anhydride may contain up to 15.0% by weight of free moisture and still be usable in our improved fixing bath. Our studies have indicated that boric anhydride has an advantageous desiccating action and also has the desirable property of remaining as a dry powder upon reacting with the amount of moisture present in the acid fixing powders, that moisture heretofore being the cause of caking. We have discovered that boric anhydride can be substituted in corrected amount of the boric acid in acid fixing powders, as mentioned above, without any apparent disadvantages. This substitution has the great advantage of virtually eliminating the caking of the fixing powder. When these powders are put in a water solution, the boric anhydride forms boric acid in the desired amount.
In these formulas a portion or all of the sodium acetate may be replaced by equivalent amounts of sodium citrate or sodium tartrate acids. However, sodium acetate is preferred. The compositions in Examples 1 and 2 are put in solution in water to make up one liter of fixing bath. These fixing baths will give a greatly increased hardening life. Theyiwill still harden satisfactorily when from three to four times as much developer is carried over as will render many acid fixing baths unfit for further use.
The preferred range of concentration of the acetate ions is from 10 grams per liter to 40 grams per'liter, and the amount of hardeners is not less than 5 grams and is preferably less than 30 grams per liter. Boric anhydride may be present in Only 56.3% of the boric acid content normally present in such baths is requited as boric anhydride, due to the higher borate content in the anhydride.
Comparative test A sample of acid fixing powder of the present invention shown in Example 2 and containing sodium acetate. After one day at 110 F. the acid fixing powder containing boric acid had caked considerably, while the boric anhydride acid fix was perfectly free flowing. After one week at 110 F. the regular fixer was moderately caked and the other with the boric anhydride was free flowing. The solution rate of the boric anhydride fixer sample was comparable to the regular, if not better. It can be considered better in that no slowly soluble lumps are introduced into the solution as is the case with a caked material.
Our invention, therefore, supplies to the art a valuable improvement in the fixing powder field.
What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America is:
1. A non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali sulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and a salt of-a solid organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic, citric and tartaric acids.
2. A noncaking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali bisulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and a salt of a solid organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic, citric and tartaric acids.
3. A non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, an alkali sulfite, a hardening agent, boric anhydride, and an alkali metal acetate.
4. A non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, alum, boric anhydride and sodium acetate.
5. A non-caking acid fixing powder composition containing sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, alum, boric anhydride and sodium citrate.
'6. A substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising:
Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate Sodium sulfite 5 Sodium bisulfite 5 Boric anhydride 2.8 Sodium acetate 22.5 Ammonium alum 22.5
7. A substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising I Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium acetate 18.0 Boric anhydride 2.8
8. A substantially non-caking powdered material capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium citrate 18.0 Boric anhydride I 2.8
9. A substantially non-caking powderedmaterial capable, when dissolved, of constituting an acid hardening fixing bath comprising ,Grams Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate j 300 Sodium bisulfite 12.5 Potassium alum 15.0 Sodium tartrate 18.0 Boric anhydride 2.8
EDWIN S. WIITALA. .DONALD J. KRIDEL.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. A NON-CAKING ACID FIXING POWDER COMPOSITION CONTAINING SODIUM THIOSULFATE, AN ALKALI SULFITE, A HARDENING AGENT, BORIC ANHYDRIDE, AND A SALT OF A SOLID ORGANIC ACID SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ACETIC, CITRIC AND TARTARIC ACIDS.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US210283A US2592366A (en) | 1951-02-09 | 1951-02-09 | Noncaking photographic acid fixing powders |
| FR1050680D FR1050680A (en) | 1951-02-09 | 1952-02-08 | Photographic fixer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US210283A US2592366A (en) | 1951-02-09 | 1951-02-09 | Noncaking photographic acid fixing powders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2592366A true US2592366A (en) | 1952-04-08 |
Family
ID=22782304
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US210283A Expired - Lifetime US2592366A (en) | 1951-02-09 | 1951-02-09 | Noncaking photographic acid fixing powders |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2592366A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1050680A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2725294A (en) * | 1952-07-17 | 1955-11-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelatin with polyanhydrides |
| US2871121A (en) * | 1955-12-14 | 1959-01-27 | Kimura Shuji | Photographic fixer-hardener compositions |
| EP0546778A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-16 | Konica Corporation | Solid processing agent for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
-
1951
- 1951-02-09 US US210283A patent/US2592366A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1952
- 1952-02-08 FR FR1050680D patent/FR1050680A/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2725294A (en) * | 1952-07-17 | 1955-11-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelatin with polyanhydrides |
| US2871121A (en) * | 1955-12-14 | 1959-01-27 | Kimura Shuji | Photographic fixer-hardener compositions |
| EP0546778A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-16 | Konica Corporation | Solid processing agent for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1050680A (en) | 1954-01-11 |
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