US2680068A - Ammonium nitrate blasting explosives - Google Patents
Ammonium nitrate blasting explosives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2680068A US2680068A US87108A US8710849A US2680068A US 2680068 A US2680068 A US 2680068A US 87108 A US87108 A US 87108A US 8710849 A US8710849 A US 8710849A US 2680068 A US2680068 A US 2680068A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- ammonium nitrate
- explosive
- water
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YMBNBZFZTXCWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCCO.OCC(O)CO YMBNBZFZTXCWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polysaccharide ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBGSRZSKGVSXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]acetyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical group C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CCC(=CC1)C(=O)O DBGSRZSKGVSXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001125671 Eretmochelys imbricata Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMMLSJNPNVTYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitromethylbenzene Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMMLSJNPNVTYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/30—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber
Definitions
- the unusually high absorption of moisture tends to delay the onset of stiffening and the composition may be softer than is, desirable when it is to be extruded into a cartridge form, but the subsequent stiffening of the resulting cartridges may be so pronounced that they lose their deformability and cannot be pierced for the insertion of a detonator.
- the macro-molecular polysaccharide may be, for instance, a water swellable and soluble ether of cellulose or starch.
- polysaccharide ethers are oxidisable ingredients it may be advisable to omit from the carbonaceous oxidisable composition at least a portion of the usual content of carbonaceous ingredients or to include an increased amount of an oxidising salt in order to preserve a satisfactory oxygen balance.
- the tendency of the composition to stiffen on storage for short periods in ordinary atmospheres is reduced, and the tendency of the explosive to have an unduly soft consistency when freshly mixed in moist atmospheres is likewise reduced so that extrusion is facilitated.
- suitable water swellable and soluble cellulose ethers there may be used for instance a water soluble sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methyl ethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, and these may be employed in disintegrated fibrous or in powder condition.
- a suitable water swellable and soluble starch ether a water soluble sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch may be used.
- the detonation of the cartridge can still be satisfactorily initiated by means of a No. 6 commercial detonator after storing it for 4 hours under 6 inches of cold water even though the wrapper has been artificially perforated at several points.
- Example 2 70.7 parts of ammonium nitrate containing 1% of china clay and 9.0 parts of sodium chloride are thoroughly mixed with 4 parts of the water soluble sodium salt of a water soluble carboxymethyl starch. The resulting mixture is then incorporated with a 10.5 parts of a nitrated 80:20 glycerine ethylene glycol mixture absorbed on 5.8 parts of woodmeal. Ihe explosive powder so obtained is tamped into waxed paper wrappers, and is suitable for blasting in coal mines. The detonation of the cartridge can still be satisfactorily initiated, by means of a No. 6 commercial detonator, after storage for 8 hours under six inches of water, even though the wrapper has been artificially perforated at several points.
- Example 3 17 parts of a nitrated 80-20 glycerine-ethylene glycol mixture and 1.8 parts of a mixture of polynitro aromatic hydrocarbons, consisting of 25% of trinitrotoluene and 75% of a mixture of isomeric dinitrotoluenes that is wholly liquid at 15 C. are mixed with 0.4 part of nitrocellulose, and into the resulting jelly are incorporated 0.5 part of woodmeal, 2.2 parts of comminuted oat husks, 2 parts of finely powdered anthracite, 1 part of sulphur and 0.3 part of chalk.
- the mixture so obtained is then thoroughly incorporated with a mixture of 66 parts of ammonium nitrate containing 1% china clay, 7.8 parts of sodium nitrate and 1 part of a finely powdered water soluble sodium salt of oarboxymethyl cellulose containing 0.7 sodium carboxymethoxy groups per anhydroglucose unit of cellulose.
- the resulting moist powder is tamped into waxed paper wrappers and the resulting semigelatine explosive cartridges are suitable for quarry blasting.
- Example 4 26 parts of nitroglycerine and 4 parts of orthonitrotoluene are stirred with 1 part of nitrocellulose and into the resulting jelly are mixed 1 part of woodmeal, 2.5 parts of finely powderd sulphur and 0.3 part of chalk.
- the detonation of the cartridge can still be satisfactorily initiated with a No. 2 commercial detonator after 3 weeks storage under 10 feet of water, even though the cartridge has been artificially perforated at several points.
- Example 5 15 parts of trinitrotoluene, 71.25 parts of ammonium nitrate, and 12.75 parts of sodium chloride are initimately mixed in an Atlas mixer with 1 part of finely powdered water soluble sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, as used in Example 3.
- the powder explosive so obtained is tamped into waxed paper wrappers and the explosive cartridges are suitable for use in fiery and dusty mines.
- Example 6 15 parts of trinitrotoluene, 78.5 parts of am monium nitrate containing 02% of parafiin wax and 2.5 parts of finely powdered aluminium are intimately mixed in an edge runner mill with 4 parts of the water soluble sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose as used in the preceding Example 3.
- the powder explosive so obtained is tamped into waxed paper Wrappers and the explosive cartridge so obtained can still be initiated with a No. 6 commercial detonator after storage under water at 25C. for 96 hours even though the wrapper has been artificially perforated at several points.
- Example 7 A gelatinous type of explosive composition containing ammonium nitrate and according to the invention is produced as follows: 32.5 parts of nitroglycerine, 1.8 parts of the liquid mixture of polynitro aromatic hydrocarbons as used in Example 2, 2.5 parts of Woodmeal and 0.3 part of chalk are stirred with 1 part of nitrocellulose until a stiff jelly is formed. This jelly is then intimately mixed with 51.5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 7.4 parts of sodium nitrate and 4.0 parts of finely powdered water soluble sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose as used in Example 3.
- This composition can be compared for plasticity or softness using a modified type Vicat penetrometer with an otherwise similar mixture in which the 4.0% sodium salt of carboxyrnethyl cellulose is omitted.
- a cord of each composition of 30 mm. length and /8" diameter is placed on end under the pin of the penetrometer which has been modified by fixing a fiat disc on the pin. The disc is lowered to touch the top surface of the sample under test and a reading taken. A weight equivalent to 800 gms. is then allowed to rest on it for 60 secs. when a further scale reading is taken.
- the decrement in length of the column of material, which has taken place under this load, calculated to a percentage of the original length is regarded as a measure of the plasticity or softness of the mixture.
- the temperature of the mixture during the tests is kept between 18 and 22 C. The results are shown below.
- a blasting explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate with at least one other self-explosive sensitizing agent therefor and a small proportion of water-swellable and soluble ether of a material selected from the group consisting of cellulose and starch, said ether being uniformly distributed throughout the composition.
- a blasting explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate with at least one other self-explosive sensitizing agent therefor and a small proportion of a water-sweilable and soluble ether of cellulose, said ether being uniformly distributed throughout the composition.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB12067/48A GB645039A (en) | 1948-05-03 | 1948-05-03 | Improvements in or relating to ammonium nitrate blasting explosives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2680068A true US2680068A (en) | 1954-06-01 |
Family
ID=9997833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87108A Expired - Lifetime US2680068A (en) | 1948-05-03 | 1949-04-12 | Ammonium nitrate blasting explosives |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2680068A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE488705A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE899615C (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR984674A (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB645039A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2829036A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1958-04-01 | Dynamit Ag Vormals Alfred Nobe | Fire damp proof explosive compositions |
| US2860041A (en) * | 1955-11-17 | 1958-11-11 | Trojan Powder Co | Blasting explosives |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2680067A (en) * | 1950-08-31 | 1954-06-01 | Ici Ltd | Blasting explosive containing a water-soluble polysaccharide ether |
| US2768073A (en) * | 1952-04-21 | 1956-10-23 | Ici Ltd | Explosive compositions |
| US2847291A (en) * | 1956-05-09 | 1958-08-12 | Sakurai Takehisa | Gelatin dynamite explosives containing water |
| NL234201A (en, 2012) * | 1958-11-12 |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB359163A (en) * | 1930-09-26 | 1931-10-22 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in the storage of fertilisers which are hygroscopic or have a tendency to cake |
| US1992217A (en) * | 1932-05-19 | 1935-02-26 | Du Pont | Ammonium nitrate explosive |
| US2231043A (en) * | 1939-08-03 | 1941-02-11 | Du Pont | High explosive composition |
| US2314809A (en) * | 1941-01-07 | 1943-03-23 | Du Pont | Explosive composition |
| US2314832A (en) * | 1940-11-13 | 1943-03-23 | Du Pont | Explosive composition |
| US2333367A (en) * | 1941-01-29 | 1943-11-02 | American Zinc Lead & Smelting | Method of conditioning paints |
| US2345582A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1944-04-04 | Atlas Powder Co | Explosive composition |
| US2358384A (en) * | 1941-01-31 | 1944-09-19 | Du Pont | Detonating explosive |
| US2358385A (en) * | 1941-04-10 | 1944-09-19 | Du Pont | Explosive |
| US2389771A (en) * | 1941-02-15 | 1945-11-27 | Komel Corp | Explosive composition |
| US2570827A (en) * | 1951-10-09 | Composition fok waterproofing |
-
0
- BE BE488705D patent/BE488705A/xx unknown
-
1948
- 1948-05-03 GB GB12067/48A patent/GB645039A/en not_active Expired
-
1949
- 1949-04-12 US US87108A patent/US2680068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1949-04-13 FR FR984674D patent/FR984674A/fr not_active Expired
-
1951
- 1951-03-28 DE DEI3953A patent/DE899615C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2570827A (en) * | 1951-10-09 | Composition fok waterproofing | ||
| GB359163A (en) * | 1930-09-26 | 1931-10-22 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in the storage of fertilisers which are hygroscopic or have a tendency to cake |
| US1992217A (en) * | 1932-05-19 | 1935-02-26 | Du Pont | Ammonium nitrate explosive |
| US2231043A (en) * | 1939-08-03 | 1941-02-11 | Du Pont | High explosive composition |
| US2345582A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1944-04-04 | Atlas Powder Co | Explosive composition |
| US2314832A (en) * | 1940-11-13 | 1943-03-23 | Du Pont | Explosive composition |
| US2314809A (en) * | 1941-01-07 | 1943-03-23 | Du Pont | Explosive composition |
| US2333367A (en) * | 1941-01-29 | 1943-11-02 | American Zinc Lead & Smelting | Method of conditioning paints |
| US2358384A (en) * | 1941-01-31 | 1944-09-19 | Du Pont | Detonating explosive |
| US2389771A (en) * | 1941-02-15 | 1945-11-27 | Komel Corp | Explosive composition |
| US2358385A (en) * | 1941-04-10 | 1944-09-19 | Du Pont | Explosive |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2829036A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1958-04-01 | Dynamit Ag Vormals Alfred Nobe | Fire damp proof explosive compositions |
| US2860041A (en) * | 1955-11-17 | 1958-11-11 | Trojan Powder Co | Blasting explosives |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE488705A (en, 2012) | |
| FR984674A (fr) | 1951-07-09 |
| GB645039A (en) | 1950-10-25 |
| DE899615C (de) | 1953-12-14 |
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