US2676846A - Combined atomizing and vaporizing burner - Google Patents

Description

April 27, 1954' e. w. LOOSE COMBINED ATOMIZ ING AND VAPORIZING BURNER Filed Sept. 14, 1949 Patented Apr. 27, 1954 COMBINED ATOMIZING AND VAPORIZING BURNER Georg Wilhelm Loose, Flensburg, Germany Application September 14, 1949, Serial No. 115,616

1 Claim. (Cl. 299-140) Burners for non-volatile fuels are known which can be put into operation without the use of a special preheating fuel. For this purpose, an atomizing burner and a vaporizing burner are combined into a unit. The atomizing burner is first put into operation and, as a rule, it is maintained in operation as long as necessary to produce a suflicient preheating, or vaporizing, respectively, of the fuel to be burnt in the vaporizing burner.

Upon shutting 01f of the atomizing burner, the vaporizing burner takes over the preheating or vaporizing, respectively, of the fuel supplied there to.

Experience has shown that difiiculties arise in the operation of such combined atomizing and vaporizing burners, particularly when different fuels having different viscosity have to be employed.

Even if, in many cases, a combustible mixture of fuel and air is formed, said mixture is not wholly dispersed, which is a highly important condition for complete combustion. In unfavorable cases, a prior art atomizing burner may become completely clogged up by residue particles even before a sufficient preheating or vaporizing, in the vaporizing burner has been achieved. Then it is impossible to put the combined atomizing and vaporizing burner into operation without the help of a readliy volatile fuel. Even with less residue formation, a considerable reduction of the operational efficiency occurs since the atomizing burner under the circumstances must be cleaned each time, or at least very frequently.

An object of the present invention is to provide a combined atomizing and vaporizing burner having an adjustable mixing chamber for adapting the atomizing part of the combined burner to the difierent viscosities of the fuels employed. An

adjustable mixing chamber is, in this case, a mixing chamber the volume of which may be changed. When fuels of higher viscosity are used, the mixing chamber has to be larger than when fuels of lower viscosity are employed.

When fuels are used which have only little tendency towards residue formation, a combined burner according to the invention is preferably employed which is provided with acommon nozzle for the atomizing and the vaporizing parts of the burner. On the other hand, when fuels having a more pronounced tendency towards residue formation are used, a combined burner with separate nozzles for the atomizing and vaporizing parts is preferred.

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a burner according to the present invention, and

Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section of a burner having separate nozzles for initial combustion and continuous operation combustion.

In Fig. l the mixing chamber space 3 is formed between a pipe spigot 4 and a cap nut I. The volume of the mixing chamber may be varied by means of an interchangeable base plug 2. The base plug has at least two passages, one of which is an air passage 6 and the other a fuel lead 1 formed as a riser. In the form shown in Fig. 1 the base plug is tapered at both ends, as at 50 and 69, respectively in order to ensure a tight seal on the pipe spigot 4 on the one hand, and on the chamber walls 8 on the other hand. The tapers 5E! and 69 may be different so that the chamber volume can be altered very simply by merely inverting the base plug and re-attaching the riser.

When air is pumped into a fuel tank (not shown in Fig. 1) pressure is produced which on the one hand drives air through the air passage 6 and on the other hand forces fuel through the fuel lead 1 into the mixing chamber space 3. Here a dispersed mixture of air and fuel is formed which on account of the pressure i discharged through the mixing chamber orifice 5 into the atmosphere. It is advantageous to provide a flame shield 9 beyond the mixing chamber orifice 5. The object of this shield is on the one hand to confine the cone of flame and on the other hand to aid in the accumulation of heat, particularly at the beginning of atomizing combustion, and later on in the re-ignition of a mixture of vaporized fuel and am In the embodiment of Fig. 2 air for the atomizing combustion passes through the air passage 6 and fuel through the fuel lead I in the form of a riser into the mixing chamber 3 and thence to the nozzle 15 located within a flame shield 9. In the present case air passage 6 and fuel lead 1 are dis posed in a base plug 2. The flame gases or the flame as the case may be take effect on the means which serve for vaporizing combustion. Through the fuel lead I 4 fuel is conducted to the preheater which is built up of bottom shell 16, top shell H and closing cap !8. Suflicient ore-heating takes place in the pre-heater space 28, and then the fuel passes through the further part of the fuel lead l4 past the regulation spindle 2| to the nozzle 3%. The burner crown 25 effects an accumulation of heat in the pre-heater proper. After the unscrewing of the closing cap i8, screwplug l9 and regulation spindle 2| cleaning by mechanical means can be undertaken.

Under normal climatic conditions the above described atomizing and vaporizing burners Work without any trouble. If it is to be used at especially low temperatures then it will be advisable to provide fuel means, for use for atomizing combustion, that will remain volatile under arctic conditions. This may be attained by attaching to the base plug one or more supply leads for volatile fuel. An atomizing and vaporizing burner thus fitted up represents under normal conditions apparatus for the combustion of one fuel only, namely a non-volatile fuel, and under arctic conditions it represents apparatus for the combustion of a volatile fuel for the purpose of bringing about normal conditions, and upon attaining this end apparatus for the combustion of a non-volatile fuel.

Having fully described my invention, I claim:

A combined vaporizing and atomizing burner for non-volatile liquid fuels comprising a nozzle; means forming a variable capacity mixing chamber adjacent said nozzle; said means including a pipe, a cap nut secured to one end of said pipe, said cap nut being provided with an orifice in its end wall, and a plug positioned within said cap nut and secured between said nut and pipe to define a mixing chamber between the end wall of said nut and said plug, the side walls of said plug at one end having a certain taper engaging the walls of said nut to define a mixing chamber of a certain size, the side walls of said plug at its other end having a different taper so that said plug may be positioned within said nut in either of two ways to define either of two mixing chambers of difierent sizes; a source of compressed air in communication with said pipe; a source of non-volatile fuel; conduit means in said plug establishing communication between said pipe and said mixing chamber; and other conduit means in and. associated with said plug establishing communication between said source of fuel and said mixing chamber, whereby the fuel is atomized in said mixing chamber and fed to said nozzle.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 233,328 Connelly Oct. 19, 1888 496,450 .Shedlock May 2, 1893 603,452 Murrell May 3, 18%

1,440,725 Eriksson M Jan. 2,

1,748,004 Urquhart a- Feb. 1930 2,237,285 Almstrom et a1. lpr. 8, 19 11 2,351,697 Nielsen June 253,

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 67,315 Netherlands Nov. 1935 65,416 Norway Nov, 2, 19 1-2

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