US2664702A - Cooled flame tube - Google Patents
Cooled flame tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2664702A US2664702A US41277A US4127748A US2664702A US 2664702 A US2664702 A US 2664702A US 41277 A US41277 A US 41277A US 4127748 A US4127748 A US 4127748A US 2664702 A US2664702 A US 2664702A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- air
- downstream
- flame tube
- entry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/023—Transition ducts between combustor cans and first stage of the turbine in gas-turbine engines; their cooling or sealings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- Figure 1 is an axial section of one form
- Figure 2 is an axial section of a modification of Fig. 1.
- a high temperature gas duct in the form of a combustion chamber l of circular section is arranged co-axially within an outer air casing 2 and is provided with a hollow baffle or cap 3, having its open larger end facing downstream and forming in combination with the duct I an annular cooling air entry 4.
- the cap 3 encloses a primary combustion zone 5 into which fuel is injected through a burner t, and combustion is initiated by means of a spark plug 24.
- the cap 3 is enclosed within a convergent tubular scoop i of frusto-conical form, having its upstream narrower end open to form an entry aperture 8.
- the wall of the chamber I has an upstream tubular extension la, enclosing said scoop 1 which defines a metering orifice and passage for the entry of primary air, while the extension la forms with scoop 1 a passage for a supply of cooling air through the entry 4.
- the casing 2 is also provided with an extension 2a, similar to the extension la, and has an entry portion 2b into which is led a fast moving airstream, as for example from the compressor of a gas turbine.
- This airstream is divided by the extensions la, 2a and the scoop E, into the three parts, of which one part forms an annular air cooling stream entering the chamber i through the aperture 4, a second part flows through the annular space between the casing 2 and the duct i, while the remainder passes through the cap 3 to the primary combustion zone 5.
- the dimensions of the cap 3, entry i and chamber l are such that in operation at the design point, the velocity of the air at the entry s and the velocity of the hot gas flowing downstream from the primary combustion zone 5 are, in the region of the aperture 4, sufficiently closely matched to enable these two streams to flow as separate streams for a substantial distance downstream of the entry so as to maintain an envelope of cool air as a separate non-turbulent flow between the hot gas stream and the inner wall of the chamber 1. Since, however, the velocity of these two streams cannot be matched over a wide range of operating conditions, the velocities are preferably matched at the conditions existing at the maximum operating temperature as a breakdown of the cooling air layer at lower temperatures can be generally accepted.
- the cap 3 constitutes the flame stablising baflie generally used in such cases and is provided with an axial air entry 9 for primary air, this entry being of suitable dimensions to pass the required air flow.
- the cap 3 may also be provided with swirl vanes ill for swirling the air passing through entry 9 and circular apertures H and slots i2 may also be provided in the wall of the cap 3 for the entry of further primary air.
- apertures 25 Downstream of the cap 3 are provided apertures 25 (which may also be scoops or stub pipes) in the wall of chamber 1 for the admission of further air from casing 2 to form a zone I! where turbulence and mixing take place.
- Fig. 1 the fuel is injected downstream CO! axially into the chamber l, but the fuel may alternatively be injected upstream, for example by suitably adapting the structure disclosed in co-pending application No. 609,532, new Patent No. 2,529,506.
- Such additional cooling air may be introduced through radial flow entries arranged and shaped so as to avoid the formation of well defined air-- streams of substantial penetrative power transverse to the hot gas stream, thus forming over the inside of the chamber wall a relatively stable or non-turbulent insulating air layer which mixes only slowly with the hot gases due to the differing velocities and by difiusion rather than by trans verse penetration.
- the wall of the chamber I may be provided downstream the mixing zone with a very large number of small circular apertures l3, or by a relatively smaller number of transversely elongated apertures i i, and in either case throttling means be provided to reduce the amount and velocity of air entering through these apertures.
- throttling is effected by means of a flanged annular plate 26 suitably perforated to admit the desired air flow downstream of the plate, the whole of this admitted flow entering progressively in the downstream direction into the chamber I.
- the chamber 4 may be formed towards its downstream end 29 by a wall of metal gauze or of porous material, as for example, sintered metal, to permit substantially uniform entry of cooling air by diffusion from the casing 2 into the chamber I.
- the chamber i and casing 2 are relatively tapered towards their downstream ends to provide a gradual reduction in the cross-sectional area of the annular space between them and to maintain a uniform flow of air therethrough.
- FIG. 2 which is similar to Fig. 1, except that between the casing 2 and the chamber l is inserted an annular shield 15, which forms, together with chamber i, an annular space I6 open at its downstream end and closed at its upstream end.
- the casing 2 is partly closed by a stop plate 26 and an apertured flanged annular plate 26 similar to that in Fig. 1.
- the wall of the chamber I may have small circular apertures l3 or transversely elongated apertures l4, and may also have a tapered outlet 29 conforming in shape to the tapered downstream end of the casing 2.
- the chamber I may be provided at its downstream region with a wall of metal gauze or porous material as described in connection with Fig. 1.
- combustion apparatus in which fuel is to be burnt in a fast-moving airstream, and comprising an outer tubular casin having an inlet for the stream, a tubular flame tube within the casing, a hollow baffle centrally located in one end of the flame tube defining a primary combustion zone, and means for injecting fuel into said zone, said bafiie being apertured to provide an inlet for part of said stream as primary combustion air to said zone, and said flame tube having an outlet at its other end, whereby the flame tube defines a path for a stream of hot combustion gases; means for directing a layer of cooling air along the inside of the flame tube wall, said means comprising a tubular member enclosin the baffle and projecting for a short distance into the end of the flame tube and defining therewith an annular gap providing a path from the casing into the flame tube for a stream of cooling air,
- the gap being so dimensioned in relation to the conditions inside and outside the flame tube in the conditions of operation, that the velocity of said stream of cooling air through the gap is substantially the same as the velocity of said stream of hot combustion gases.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB275237X | 1947-08-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2664702A true US2664702A (en) | 1954-01-05 |
Family
ID=10260976
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US41277A Expired - Lifetime US2664702A (en) | 1947-08-11 | 1948-07-29 | Cooled flame tube |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2664702A (id) |
CH (1) | CH275237A (id) |
FR (1) | FR988963A (id) |
GB (1) | GB636624A (id) |
NL (1) | NL74196C (id) |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2722180A (en) * | 1950-05-12 | 1955-11-01 | Oran T Mcilvaine | Fuel burners |
US2741090A (en) * | 1949-06-30 | 1956-04-10 | Rolls Royce | Combustion equipment for gas-turbine engines with anticarbon wall portion |
US2807139A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1957-09-24 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Air-jacketed combustion chambers for jet propulsion engines, gas turbines and the like |
US2815069A (en) * | 1951-06-29 | 1957-12-03 | Orr & Sembower Inc | Burner apparatus |
US2847826A (en) * | 1952-09-10 | 1958-08-19 | Ca Nat Research Council | Pulsating torch igniter |
US2872971A (en) * | 1959-02-10 | Combustion chambers for jet propulsion | ||
US2958194A (en) * | 1951-09-24 | 1960-11-01 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Cooled flame tube |
US2972230A (en) * | 1954-01-13 | 1961-02-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Automobile gas turbine |
US2988139A (en) * | 1956-11-14 | 1961-06-13 | Sebac Nouvelie S A | Spraying device |
US3031012A (en) * | 1957-12-27 | 1962-04-24 | Gen Thermique Procedes Brola S | Combustion apparatus |
US3175361A (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1965-03-30 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Turbojet engine and its operation |
US3372541A (en) * | 1965-06-21 | 1968-03-12 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine combustion chamber |
US3374624A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1968-03-26 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine combustion equipment |
US4012902A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1977-03-22 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method of operating a gas turbine combustor having an independent airstream to remove heat from the primary combustion zone |
US4085580A (en) * | 1975-11-29 | 1978-04-25 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Combustion chambers for gas turbine engines |
US4122674A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-10-31 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus for suppressing combustion noise within gas turbine engines |
US4199936A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1980-04-29 | The Boeing Company | Gas turbine engine combustion noise suppressor |
US4419863A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-12-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel-air mixing apparatus |
US4475344A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-10-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Low smoke combustor for land based combustion turbines |
US4687436A (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1987-08-18 | Tadao Shigeta | Gasified fuel combustion apparatus |
US5220795A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-06-22 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for injecting dilution air |
EP1271057A2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor |
US6568187B1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-05-27 | Power Systems Mfg, Llc | Effusion cooled transition duct |
US20040074236A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-04-22 | Shigemi Mandai | Gas turbine combustor |
US20080264035A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | Ricciardo Mark J | Coolant flow swirler for a rocket engine |
US20090272124A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-11-05 | Dawson Robert W | Cooling channel for cooling a hot gas guiding component |
WO2011015543A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Snecma | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine comprenant des orifices d'entree d'air ameliores |
US20140331678A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | System for distributing compressed air in a combustor |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB721209A (en) * | 1951-09-24 | 1955-01-05 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Combustion apparatus |
DE1032622B (de) * | 1955-09-22 | 1958-06-19 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Leitung zur Fuehrung eines heissen, stroemenden Mediums |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB433631A (en) * | 1934-02-19 | 1935-08-19 | George Roddam | Improvements in or relating to internal combustion turbines |
GB539069A (en) * | 1939-01-30 | 1941-08-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Improvements in and relating to pipes, containers, casings or the like for gases of high temperature |
US2382564A (en) * | 1943-09-16 | 1945-08-14 | Laval Steam Turbine Co | Turbine system |
US2396068A (en) * | 1941-06-10 | 1946-03-05 | Youngash Reginald William | Turbine |
US2398654A (en) * | 1940-01-24 | 1946-04-16 | Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co | Combustion burner |
US2404335A (en) * | 1939-12-09 | 1946-07-16 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Liquid fuel burner, vaporizer, and combustion engine |
GB579424A (en) * | 1943-09-29 | 1946-08-02 | Lucas Ltd Joseph | Improvements relating to liquid fuel combustion apparatus for generating gases for power purposes |
GB588086A (en) * | 1943-04-01 | 1947-05-14 | Power Jets Ltd | Improvements relating to combustion apparatus |
US2446059A (en) * | 1944-10-05 | 1948-07-27 | Peabody Engineering Corp | Gas heater |
US2447482A (en) * | 1945-04-25 | 1948-08-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Turbine apparatus |
US2458497A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1949-01-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Combustion chamber |
US2470184A (en) * | 1941-07-12 | 1949-05-17 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Arrangement for cooling combustion chambers |
US2547619A (en) * | 1948-11-27 | 1951-04-03 | Gen Electric | Combustor with sectional housing and liner |
US2581999A (en) * | 1946-02-01 | 1952-01-08 | Gen Electric | Hemispherical combustion chamber end dome having cooling air deflecting means |
-
0
- NL NL74196D patent/NL74196C/xx active
-
1947
- 1947-08-11 GB GB22241/47A patent/GB636624A/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-07-29 US US41277A patent/US2664702A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1948-08-04 FR FR988963D patent/FR988963A/fr not_active Expired
- 1948-08-10 CH CH275237D patent/CH275237A/de unknown
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB433631A (en) * | 1934-02-19 | 1935-08-19 | George Roddam | Improvements in or relating to internal combustion turbines |
GB539069A (en) * | 1939-01-30 | 1941-08-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Improvements in and relating to pipes, containers, casings or the like for gases of high temperature |
US2404335A (en) * | 1939-12-09 | 1946-07-16 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Liquid fuel burner, vaporizer, and combustion engine |
US2398654A (en) * | 1940-01-24 | 1946-04-16 | Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co | Combustion burner |
US2396068A (en) * | 1941-06-10 | 1946-03-05 | Youngash Reginald William | Turbine |
US2470184A (en) * | 1941-07-12 | 1949-05-17 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Arrangement for cooling combustion chambers |
GB588086A (en) * | 1943-04-01 | 1947-05-14 | Power Jets Ltd | Improvements relating to combustion apparatus |
US2382564A (en) * | 1943-09-16 | 1945-08-14 | Laval Steam Turbine Co | Turbine system |
GB579424A (en) * | 1943-09-29 | 1946-08-02 | Lucas Ltd Joseph | Improvements relating to liquid fuel combustion apparatus for generating gases for power purposes |
US2446059A (en) * | 1944-10-05 | 1948-07-27 | Peabody Engineering Corp | Gas heater |
US2447482A (en) * | 1945-04-25 | 1948-08-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Turbine apparatus |
US2458497A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1949-01-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Combustion chamber |
US2581999A (en) * | 1946-02-01 | 1952-01-08 | Gen Electric | Hemispherical combustion chamber end dome having cooling air deflecting means |
US2547619A (en) * | 1948-11-27 | 1951-04-03 | Gen Electric | Combustor with sectional housing and liner |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2872971A (en) * | 1959-02-10 | Combustion chambers for jet propulsion | ||
US2741090A (en) * | 1949-06-30 | 1956-04-10 | Rolls Royce | Combustion equipment for gas-turbine engines with anticarbon wall portion |
US2722180A (en) * | 1950-05-12 | 1955-11-01 | Oran T Mcilvaine | Fuel burners |
US2815069A (en) * | 1951-06-29 | 1957-12-03 | Orr & Sembower Inc | Burner apparatus |
US2958194A (en) * | 1951-09-24 | 1960-11-01 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Cooled flame tube |
US2847826A (en) * | 1952-09-10 | 1958-08-19 | Ca Nat Research Council | Pulsating torch igniter |
US2807139A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1957-09-24 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Air-jacketed combustion chambers for jet propulsion engines, gas turbines and the like |
US2972230A (en) * | 1954-01-13 | 1961-02-21 | Gen Motors Corp | Automobile gas turbine |
US2988139A (en) * | 1956-11-14 | 1961-06-13 | Sebac Nouvelie S A | Spraying device |
US3031012A (en) * | 1957-12-27 | 1962-04-24 | Gen Thermique Procedes Brola S | Combustion apparatus |
US3175361A (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1965-03-30 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Turbojet engine and its operation |
US3374624A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1968-03-26 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine combustion equipment |
US3372541A (en) * | 1965-06-21 | 1968-03-12 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine combustion chamber |
US4012902A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1977-03-22 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method of operating a gas turbine combustor having an independent airstream to remove heat from the primary combustion zone |
US4085580A (en) * | 1975-11-29 | 1978-04-25 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Combustion chambers for gas turbine engines |
US4199936A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1980-04-29 | The Boeing Company | Gas turbine engine combustion noise suppressor |
US4122674A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-10-31 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus for suppressing combustion noise within gas turbine engines |
US4419863A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-12-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel-air mixing apparatus |
US4475344A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-10-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Low smoke combustor for land based combustion turbines |
US4687436A (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1987-08-18 | Tadao Shigeta | Gasified fuel combustion apparatus |
US5220795A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1993-06-22 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for injecting dilution air |
US20040074236A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-04-22 | Shigemi Mandai | Gas turbine combustor |
US7032386B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2006-04-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor |
EP1271057A3 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-01-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor |
EP1271057A2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor |
US6732528B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-05-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Gas turbine combustor |
US6568187B1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-05-27 | Power Systems Mfg, Llc | Effusion cooled transition duct |
US20090272124A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-11-05 | Dawson Robert W | Cooling channel for cooling a hot gas guiding component |
US8522557B2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2013-09-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling channel for cooling a hot gas guiding component |
US20080264035A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | Ricciardo Mark J | Coolant flow swirler for a rocket engine |
WO2011015543A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Snecma | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine comprenant des orifices d'entree d'air ameliores |
FR2948988A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-11 | Snecma | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine comprenant des orifices d'entree d'air ameliores |
US9175856B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2015-11-03 | Snecma | Combustion chamber for a turbomachine including improved air inlets |
US20140331678A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | System for distributing compressed air in a combustor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL74196C (id) | |
CH275237A (de) | 1951-05-15 |
GB636624A (en) | 1950-05-03 |
FR988963A (fr) | 1951-09-03 |
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