US2663641A - Production of reversal images - Google Patents

Production of reversal images Download PDF

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Publication number
US2663641A
US2663641A US777105A US77710547A US2663641A US 2663641 A US2663641 A US 2663641A US 777105 A US777105 A US 777105A US 77710547 A US77710547 A US 77710547A US 2663641 A US2663641 A US 2663641A
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Prior art keywords
layer
silver halide
light
gelatine
bath
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Expired - Lifetime
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US777105A
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Rott Andre
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Gevaert Photo Producten NV
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Gevaert Photo Producten NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/02—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
    • G03C8/04—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals
    • G03C8/06—Silver salt diffusion transfer

Definitions

  • the two layers may both be mounted on one support and are separated after the diffusion and development.
  • a two-layer material is used, the lower layer being hardened, while the top-layer having a very low meltingpoint is removed after complete diffusion by means of warm water. This warm water treatment must be carried out in the darkroom which is rather inconvenient.
  • This object is accomplished by the simple means of adding to the diffusion bath a substance which in solution is a solvent for gelatine.
  • the difiusion of the silver halide and the removal of the emulsion layer are performed in a bath which contains gelatine solvents such as thiocyanates or organic sulphonic acids, which are used in the gelatine industry, e. g. for keeping glue fluid (Ullmann Encyclopaedia, Bd. 5, p. 599).
  • gelatine solvents such as thiocyanates or organic sulphonic acids
  • glue fluid Ullmann Encyclopaedia, Bd. 5, p. 599.
  • similar salts e. g. ammonium carbonate
  • the method offers many advantages: While the process described in my prior patent and patent application mentioned above requires four treating-baths, viz. a developing bath, a, diffusion-bath, a warm-water bath, and a toning-bath, the new process according to this invention dispenses with the highly undesirable manipulation with warm water in the dark-room. The ensuing shortening of the processing time is particularly valuable for a quick determination of the exact time required for exposure (proofexposure).
  • the difiusion is stopped automatically, so that the time required for the diffusion of different images becomes uniform, and consequently more uniform images are obtained. It also renders unnecessary a time control of the manipulation in the diffusion-bath (such as may be required for a fixing bath). This is of particular commercial importance for the output per unit of time when producing a large number of images.
  • Substances which restrain the diffusion of bleaching and other liquors, into the photographic emulsion, as described e. g. in Patent 2,059,884, may also be added to the difiusion and dissolving bath whereby to restrain its diffusion and to reduce the image-gradation.
  • the diffusion and dissolving bath is soiled by the dissolved gelatine. This drawback although as a rule not affecting the final result may be avoided by so compounding the bath that the gelatine layer is not washed away but is only affected to such an extent that it can be washed away subsequently with cold water or can be removed in cold water by light rubbing.
  • I may add substances containing an ionizable OH group, for instance as described in Patent Number 2,366, i96, which prevent crystallization from occurring such as for instance an alkali metal hydroxide or other bases such as hydrocarbon substituted ammonium hydroxides or sulfonium hydroxides.
  • Example 1 Water 1000 cm. Metol 1.5 g. Sodium sulphite (cryst) 50 g. or anhydrous 25 g. Hydroquinone 6 g. Sodium carbonate (cryst. g. or anhydrous 40 g.
  • the developed product is treated in a bath of the following composition:
  • the exposed material is developed 1 minute in The developed product is treated 2 minutes in a bath which is composed as follows:
  • Solution B is prepared by heating until complete solution and by filtration. For use, 50 cm. of solution B are added to 1000 cm. of solution A. After treatment in the bath, the emulsion layer is dissolved and a positive black-brown text image is obtained, which need not be treated further.
  • Example 3 On a material, consisting of (a) a support, (0) a hardened light-sensitive emulsion layer, which contains reduction nuclei, (0) an unhardened light-sensitive emulsion layer, a drawing is reproduced by contact, for example, a design for textile printing. The exposed material is developed for 4 minutes in a developer of the following composition:
  • the developed product is treated 5 minutes in a bath composed as follows:
  • gelatine solvent is potassium thiocyanate- 3.
  • gelatinte solvent is alpha naphthalene sodium sulfona e.
  • gelatine solvent solution also contains a crystallisationpreventing substance containing an ionizable Oil-group in its molecule.

Description

Patented Dec. 22, 1953 UNITED STATES 2,663,641 TENT OFFICE PRODUCTION OF REVERSAL IMAGES Andr Rott, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium, assignor to Gevaert Photo-Producten N. V., Mortsel- Antwerp, Belgium, a company of Belgium No Drawing. Application September 30, 1947, Serial No. 777,105
Claims priority, application Netherlands October 7, 1946 Claims. (01. 95-88) halide emulsion layer into a receiving layer insensitive to light, in which the diiiused, silver halide is at once reduced to metallic silver.
The two layers may both be mounted on one support and are separated after the diffusion and development. As a rule a two-layer material is used, the lower layer being hardened, while the top-layer having a very low meltingpoint is removed after complete diffusion by means of warm water. This warm water treatment must be carried out in the darkroom which is rather inconvenient.
It is an object of this invention to avoid the warm water treatment and thereby to speed up the entire process.
This object is accomplished by the simple means of adding to the diffusion bath a substance which in solution is a solvent for gelatine.
According to my invention, the difiusion of the silver halide and the removal of the emulsion layer are performed in a bath which contains gelatine solvents such as thiocyanates or organic sulphonic acids, which are used in the gelatine industry, e. g. for keeping glue fluid (Ullmann Encyclopaedia, Bd. 5, p. 599). For the production of washing-out reliefs, similar salts, e. g. ammonium carbonate, have been proposed (British Patent 319,077).
The method, according to this invention, offers many advantages: While the process described in my prior patent and patent application mentioned above requires four treating-baths, viz. a developing bath, a, diffusion-bath, a warm-water bath, and a toning-bath, the new process according to this invention dispenses with the highly undesirable manipulation with warm water in the dark-room. The ensuing shortening of the processing time is particularly valuable for a quick determination of the exact time required for exposure (proofexposure).
By dissolving the emulsion layer during the diffusion, the difiusion is stopped automatically, so that the time required for the diffusion of different images becomes uniform, and consequently more uniform images are obtained. It also renders unnecessary a time control of the manipulation in the diffusion-bath (such as may be required for a fixing bath). This is of particular commercial importance for the output per unit of time when producing a large number of images.
The use of a single bath for carrying out the two steps of diffusion and of dissolving and removal of the gelatine not only saves time, but also renders it possible to obtain several gradations when starting from a single photographic emulsion, depending on the-rate of diffusion of the image and the rate of solution of the emulsion layer, which may both be influenced within wide limits by the nature and the concentration of the gelatine-solvents and of the solvents for silver halide.
Substances which restrain the diffusion of bleaching and other liquors, into the photographic emulsion, as described e. g. in Patent 2,059,884, may also be added to the difiusion and dissolving bath whereby to restrain its diffusion and to reduce the image-gradation.
It is also possible to add to the gelatine-dissolving and diffusion bath, chemical-toning agents, e. g. selenium compounds, so that the production of a direct positive image takes place in only two treating baths.
The diffusion and dissolving bath is soiled by the dissolved gelatine. This drawback although as a rule not affecting the final result may be avoided by so compounding the bath that the gelatine layer is not washed away but is only affected to such an extent that it can be washed away subsequently with cold water or can be removed in cold water by light rubbing.
In order to prevent the salts which are often used in high concentration from crystalliaing in the difiusion bath, I may add substances containing an ionizable OH group, for instance as described in Patent Number 2,366, i96, which prevent crystallization from occurring such as for instance an alkali metal hydroxide or other bases such as hydrocarbon substituted ammonium hydroxides or sulfonium hydroxides.
In practicing my invention, I may proceed for instance as set out in the examples hereinafter.
Example 1 Water 1000 cm. Metol 1.5 g. Sodium sulphite (cryst) 50 g. or anhydrous 25 g. Hydroquinone 6 g. Sodium carbonate (cryst. g. or anhydrous 40 g.
Potassium bromide 1 g.
The developed product is treated in a bath of the following composition:
Water cm. 1000 Alpha naphthalene sodium sulphonateg 100' Sodium thiosulphate g"- 5 After 2 minutes the emulsion layer can be removed in cold water. The yellow brown' reversal image formed may be colored by toning in e. g. a known gold thiocyanate Example 2 On a material consisting of (a) a support of waterproof paper, (b) a hardened receivinglayer which contains reduction nuclei, an unhardened light-sensitive emulsion layer with steep gradation, a line image, for instance a text, is
reproduced. t
The exposed material is developed 1 minute in The developed product is treated 2 minutes in a bath which is composed as follows:
A. waternrn-rhifiusfinalise--- cm? 1000 Potassium thiocyanate g 100 Sodium thiosulphatenihml is"; gm
B. Wateren ulfin -fies cm. 1 00 Sodium sulphite (-anh drous) go. seleniumllsshflhuilds--1-is gh 2.5
Solution B is prepared by heating until complete solution and by filtration. For use, 50 cm. of solution B are added to 1000 cm. of solution A. After treatment in the bath, the emulsion layer is dissolved and a positive black-brown text image is obtained, which need not be treated further.
Example 3 On a material, consisting of (a) a support, (0) a hardened light-sensitive emulsion layer, which contains reduction nuclei, (0) an unhardened light-sensitive emulsion layer, a drawing is reproduced by contact, for example, a design for textile printing. The exposed material is developed for 4 minutes in a developer of the following composition:
Water 11. 1000 cm. Metol 1.5 g. Sodium sulphite (cry'st) 50 g. or anhydrous 25 g. Hydroquinone 6 g. Sodium carbonate (eryst.) 100 g. or anhydrous 40 g.
Potassium brcmide 1 g.
The developed product is treated 5 minutes in a bath composed as follows:
Water cm. 1000 Potassium thiocyanate g 100 Sodium thiosulphate; g 200 In this bath, adeep-brown positive image is formed in the emulsion layer (b) which is separated from the negative formed in the same layer during the development, by a small transparent line; at the same time, the emulsion layer is dissolved and fixed out and the upper emulsion layer (0) is removed by dissolution. The contour image thus obtained, may" be put to further use immediately after washing and drying. The term receiving layer used in the claims here appended is intended to mean a layer consisting of a material or materials insensitive to light and containing a colloidal heavy metal or an insoluble sulfide of such metal or a fogged silver halide emulsion.
Various changes may be made in the operation of this process and in the materials used in this operation without departing from the invention or sacrificing the advantages thereof.
1 claim:
1. Process for the production of a photographic reversal image in a photographic material containing two layers spread on the same support, the top layer being an unhardened light-sensitive silver halide gelatine emulsion layer, the bottom layer being a hardened receiving layer, which comprises exposing said light-sensitive layer to light treating the so exposed material with a silver halide developer to develop the exposed silver halide and then treating the said material containing silver halide developer with an aqueous solution-of a thiosulphate and gelatine solvent selected from the group consisting of thiocyanates and organic sulphonic acids, said solvent being present ina concentration of approximately grams per liter.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the gelatine solvent is potassium thiocyanate- 3. The process of claim 1, in which the gelatinte solvent is alpha naphthalene sodium sulfona e.
4. The process of claim 1, in which the gels-tine solvent solution also contains a chemical toning substance.
5. The process of claim 1, in which the gelatine solvent solution also contains a crystallisationpreventing substance containing an ionizable Oil-group in its molecule.
ANDRE ROTT.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,285,015 Browning Nov. 19, 1918 1,303,635 Capstafi May 13, 1919 1,753,059 Murray Apr. 1, 1930 1,849,245 Nelson Mar. 15, 1932 1,930,140 Becker Oct. 10, 1933 2,000,353 Schaefer May 7, 1935 2,001,951 Berry May 21, 1935 2,352,014 Rott June 20, 1944 2,397,016 King Mar. 10, 1946 2,440,106 Land et a1 Apr. 20, 1948 2,543,181 Land Feb. 27, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 247,169 Great Britain 1927 66,994 Norway .12. Oct. 25, 1943 716,428 France UN--1 Dec. 6, 1931 873,507 France is-. July 10, 1942 879,995 France Mar. 10, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES Sci. et Ind. Ph0t., 2nd Series, vol. 13, July- August 1942; pages 15145-2.
Rieketts, Positive Portraiture Direct, British Journal of Photography, June 5, 1914, page 446.
Varden (PSA Journal, Technical Section), vol. 13, September 1947, pp. 551-554.

Claims (1)

1. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC REVERSAL IMAGE IN A PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL CONTAINING TWO LAYERS SPREAD ON THE SAME SUPPORT, THE TOP LAYER BEING AN UNHARDENED LIGHT-SENSITIVE SILVER HALIDE GELATINE EMULSION LAYER, THE BOTTOM LAYER BEING A HARDENED RECEIVING LAYER, WHICH COMPRISES EXPOSING SAID LIGHT-SENSITIVE LAYER TO LIGHT TREATING THE SO EXPOSED MATERIAL WITH A SILVER HALIDE DEVELOPER TO DEVELOP THE EXPOSED SILVER HALIDE AND THEN TREATING THE SAID MATERIAL CONTAINING SILVER HALIDE DEVELOPER WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A THIOSULPHATE AND GELATINE SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THIOCYANATES AND ORGANIC SULPHONIC ACIDS, SAID SOLVENT BEING PRESENT IN A CONCENTRATION OF APPROXIMATELY 100 GRAMS PER LITER.
US777105A 1946-10-07 1947-09-30 Production of reversal images Expired - Lifetime US2663641A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2834676A (en) * 1955-07-19 1958-05-13 Sperry Rand Corp Photographic diffusion transfer process for producing multiple direct positive copies
US2962377A (en) * 1954-10-15 1960-11-29 Polaroid Corp Photographic processes and compositions useful therein
US3020155A (en) * 1956-05-23 1962-02-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic diffusion transfer process

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1285015A (en) * 1915-06-08 1918-11-19 Clarence P Browning Photo-engraving.
US1303635A (en) * 1919-05-13 John o
GB247169A (en) * 1925-02-09 1927-02-03 Film En Couleurs Keller Dorian Improvements in or relating to developing photographs
US1753059A (en) * 1928-07-14 1930-04-01 Norton And Gregory Ltd Production of photographic images
FR716428A (en) * 1930-06-05 1931-12-21 Schering Kahlbaum Ag Process and products for obtaining direct positives
US1849245A (en) * 1930-07-21 1932-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Toning bath for photocraphic prints
US1930140A (en) * 1932-01-23 1933-10-10 Eastman Kodak Co Acid hardening fixing bath
US2000353A (en) * 1930-01-14 1935-05-07 Agfa Ansco Corp Process of treating photographic layers in a bath containing a wetting agent and new preparations intended for acting on photographic layers
US2001951A (en) * 1933-03-22 1935-05-21 Ilford Ltd Photographic printing emulsion and its production
FR873507A (en) * 1939-11-02 1942-07-10 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for obtaining images using silver halide
FR879995A (en) * 1941-01-24 1943-03-10 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for the constitution of positive photographic images
US2352014A (en) * 1941-07-21 1944-06-20 Rott Andre Photomechanical printing process and printing material for carrying out the same
US2397016A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-03-19 Photo Technical Corp Combined developer and fixer
US2440106A (en) * 1946-04-26 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing image and methods for forming the same
US2543181A (en) * 1947-01-15 1951-02-27 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a photographic processing liquid

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1303635A (en) * 1919-05-13 John o
US1285015A (en) * 1915-06-08 1918-11-19 Clarence P Browning Photo-engraving.
GB247169A (en) * 1925-02-09 1927-02-03 Film En Couleurs Keller Dorian Improvements in or relating to developing photographs
US1753059A (en) * 1928-07-14 1930-04-01 Norton And Gregory Ltd Production of photographic images
US2000353A (en) * 1930-01-14 1935-05-07 Agfa Ansco Corp Process of treating photographic layers in a bath containing a wetting agent and new preparations intended for acting on photographic layers
FR716428A (en) * 1930-06-05 1931-12-21 Schering Kahlbaum Ag Process and products for obtaining direct positives
US1849245A (en) * 1930-07-21 1932-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Toning bath for photocraphic prints
US1930140A (en) * 1932-01-23 1933-10-10 Eastman Kodak Co Acid hardening fixing bath
US2001951A (en) * 1933-03-22 1935-05-21 Ilford Ltd Photographic printing emulsion and its production
FR873507A (en) * 1939-11-02 1942-07-10 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for obtaining images using silver halide
FR879995A (en) * 1941-01-24 1943-03-10 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for the constitution of positive photographic images
US2352014A (en) * 1941-07-21 1944-06-20 Rott Andre Photomechanical printing process and printing material for carrying out the same
US2397016A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-03-19 Photo Technical Corp Combined developer and fixer
US2440106A (en) * 1946-04-26 1948-04-20 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing image and methods for forming the same
US2543181A (en) * 1947-01-15 1951-02-27 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a photographic processing liquid

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2962377A (en) * 1954-10-15 1960-11-29 Polaroid Corp Photographic processes and compositions useful therein
US2834676A (en) * 1955-07-19 1958-05-13 Sperry Rand Corp Photographic diffusion transfer process for producing multiple direct positive copies
US3020155A (en) * 1956-05-23 1962-02-06 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic diffusion transfer process

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FR57717E (en) 1953-05-04
NL60845C (en)
GB665984A (en) 1952-02-06
BE476512A (en)
NL128013B (en)

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