US2662805A - Simultaneous drumming and vacuum - Google Patents

Simultaneous drumming and vacuum Download PDF

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US2662805A
US2662805A US2662805DA US2662805A US 2662805 A US2662805 A US 2662805A US 2662805D A US2662805D A US 2662805DA US 2662805 A US2662805 A US 2662805A
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skins
drum
vacuum
leather
container
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/32—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups leather skins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/32—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups leather skins
    • D06P3/3206—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups leather skins using acid dyes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for treating leather and skins or producing leather from skins, and more particularly concerns the high vacuum treatment of skins and leather with liquid treating agents.
  • pelts such as hides, skins of small animals, and kips, hereinafter generically referred to as skins
  • skins are first submerged and soaked in clear water and left for periods up to 48 hours.
  • the cleaned and softened skins thus produced are subjected to a depilation or unhairing process, usually involving treatment with milk of lime, which conditions the hair and epidermis, and also the fatty tissues on the under side of the skin, so they are readily removed from the skin by mechanical methods.
  • the unhaired skins may be subjected to the bating and pickling process for enhancing softness and pliability, and are actually converted to leather by tumbling in a box or drum containing tan liquor.
  • the leathers After tanning, the leathers are passed into a bath for fixing the tannin, and are then dyed in lukewarm dye baths with mechanical working by means of a tumbler or paddle-wheel after first going through a series of mechanical operations.
  • the proportionate decrease of total area is termed the shrinkage of the hide.
  • the quantity of leather produced is frequently measured in terms of the total square footage or area of leather, per dozen skins produced, and an undesirably high shrinkage is often observed in customary tannery practice. It is accordingly an important object of this invention to provide means for minimizing the extent of such shrinkage, preserving however the high quality of the leather produced.
  • the skins which have been cured and are normallyreceived at the tannery in substantially dehydrated form, are sorted, weighed and loaded directly into a rotary vacuum drum, without preliminary soaking.
  • This rotary vacuum drum has a plurality of radially disposed inwardly directed-pegs arranged circumferentially on its inner race for rotation with the drum, which serve to lift the skins and then to drop them as the'drum'is rotated.
  • the drum is also fitted with suitable conduits and attachmentswhereby it may be evacuated. Care is taken during the skin-loading operation to avoid packing, or in other-words it is important to load the skins loosely into the drum.
  • Vacuum readings for the vacuum within the drum are preferably taken pee riodically, say every ten to fifteen minutes, for example.
  • a vacuum of about 15 millimeters is attained, the drum is rotated very slowly, at intervals of about'one-half hour, for example at a rate of 18-20 revolutions per minute, for a total of four to six revolutions for each half-hour period.
  • the skins are thus lifted by the pegs, flexed, and then dropped as the drum rotates.
  • the lime is desirably a relatively dilute solution or suspension and preferably consists essentially of about 30% calcium oxide, 2% caustic soda or soda ashnmd 1-2 depilatory such as sodium sulfate, dimethylamine sulfate, or the composition commercially known as Sebacol, for example, the foregoing percentages being by weight and based upon the total weight of dry skins present for treatment.
  • Sebacol is a powder comprising a mixture of .sodium sulfite, sodium .bisulflte, and caustic lime.
  • the drum Upon admission of the lime and complete coverage of skins by the lime solution or milk, the drum is rotated for a time under the vacuum remaining in the sealed drum, preferably for 5 minutes to one hour. This step is important, the time of rotation varying with the type skins being processed.
  • the vacuum is then broken while drum rotation is continued by admitting air to the drum, and this is followed by further drum rotation at the same speed for about onehalf to one hour.
  • the drum is then opened and the skins are inspected for softness, pliability. and degree of lime penetration.
  • the skins are rendered soft and pliable within an unusually short period of time, on the order of approximately one-half to one hour.
  • Treatment in accordance with this invention eliminates the clear water soak and liming operation heretofore found necessary, in one short operation. Frequently periods of at least two days have been required, in practicing conventional processes, merely for soaking alone.
  • Completeness of lime penetration is determined by cutting a skin, preferably along the backbone, which is usually most difficult to penetrate, and dropping a. standard phenolphthalein solution on the skin cross section thus exposed. Dark red coloration due to phenolphthalein action onlime solution'indicates the extent of lime penetration whilellght pink coloration will appear, usually just under the grain surface of the skin section, not reached by penetration of full strength lime solution. By reason of treatment in accordance with this invention, excellent lime penetration is attained in the surprisingly short time of V hour, as indicated.
  • the skins are now permitted to soak in the remaining lime at atmospheric pressure for a period of about 22-24 hours, with drum rotation for at least -15 minutes during each four-hour period. Drum rotation at this point is important.
  • the agitation stirs the lime suspension preventing settling, and also flexes the skins periodically working fresh lime into the skins.
  • the skins maybe beamed or limed, unhaired, fleshed, tanned, delimed, bated, pickled and pearled in the usual manner preparatory to coloring in accordance with the process of this invention.
  • the pieces of leather to be colored are loaded individually into the drum, which is then closed. Vacuum is applied in the manner indicated in the foregoing description relating to liming, and a vacuum of 2000-500 microns Hg isithus applied to the contents of the drum.
  • Coloring solution consisting essentially of 0.5-5% by weight .sulfonated oil per hundred pounds crusted weight of skins, and about 15-30% by weight of basic or direct or acid dye being introduced, based on the total crusted weight of leather stock under treatment.
  • the sulfonated oil is preferably sulfonated marine oil such as cod oil, sperm oil or the like.
  • Naturallyarily sulionated oil and basic color dyes form undesirable precipitates interfering with proper leather coloring but we have found that these ingredients of the basic coloring composition are compatible in the coloring process of this invention.
  • the basic dye would penetrate the leather independently of the sulfonated oil which would merely remain in the form of a separate film on the surface of the leather; even if the oil should be first applied to the leather, thereby effecting penetration, the subsequent application of basic color dyes would throw .the sulfonated oil back out of the leather with similar, highly undesirable, results.
  • the sulfonated oil and basic dye are introduced as a mixture into the vacuum drum.
  • other procedures may also he followed. These may, if found desirable in connection with the particular coloring process at hand, be followed by introduction of chrome, aniline, acid and direct dyes, and formic acid into the drum while maintaining the resulting vacuum.
  • Formlc acid isintroduced into the-drum after the introduction .of thedyes.
  • Drum rotation is continued duringall color admission steps.
  • the drum rotation is continued for about 5 to 10 minutes, under .the remaining vacuum. Air is admitted into therotating drum while the drum is rotated, rotation is continued .at atmospheric pressure for a short period, and the drum is opened for inspection of skins.
  • the leather is inspected for dye penetration by cutting and examining a cross section of the leather. Ordinarily complete penetration .of the entire cross section .of the leather piece is not required, but it is important that the extent of penetration be uniform throughout the piece. Accordingly the presence of a white streak disposed substantially just beneath the grain surface. bordered at both sides 'by uniform deeply colored strips, is indicative of highly effective and uniform dye penetration. This sort of dye penetration is attained, in unusually short time, by means of the process according to our invention. Moreover the dyed leather has good layout, has proper feel and lies fiat without surface wrinkles. Due to the uniformity and completeness of dye absorption little or no excess dye is found on the leather surface.
  • Tanning leather may be produced from skins in accordance with the invention by tanning in a manner substantially the same as the previously described coloring process, substituting tan liquor for the specified coloring chemicals.
  • the skins may be tanned whether or not they have been beamed or limed in accordance with this invention, and the advantages of minimum shrinkage, and minimum time required for retaining the skins in the tan liquor, are achieved in either case.
  • the skins were charged into a rotary vacuum vessel provided with means for raising individual skins out of the liquid and subsequently permitting them to drop into the liquor, meanwhile flexing the skins. While such means are preferably in the form of short pegs disposed at spaced intervals on the inner circumference of a rotating drum, it will be appreciated that equivalent means including paddle-wheels, tumblers, or the like, may be provided for carrying out the steps of the method. It is highly important to remove the skins from the liquid, flex the skins in vacuum, and re-deposit them into the liquid since otherwise the important advantages heretofore pointed out are not realized to the fullest extent.
  • the skins are preferably redeposited by dropping them and permitting free fall through a vertical drop of 4-6 feet or more, causing the skins to strike the surface of the liquid with considerable impact.
  • a method of processing skins with minimum shrinkage with a solution selected from the group consisting of unhairing, tanning and coloring solutions the steps which comprise charging the skins into an air-tight container, withdrawing air from said container while slowly rotating said container, continuing the air withdrawal until a high vacuum of about 2000-500 microns mercury is attained, introducing said solution into said container to a level substan tially covering said skins, and slowly rotating the container lifting the skins above the liquid level, flexing said skins in the evacuated space above the liquid level, and returning said skins below the surface of the liquid while maintaining vacuum in said container.
  • the coloring solution consists essentially of about 0.55% by Weight sulphonated oil and 15-30% by weight basic dye.
  • sulfonated oil is a sulfonated marine oil selected from the group consisting of cod oil and sperm oil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)

Description

Patented Dec. 15, 1953 SIMULTANEOUS DRUMMING AND VACUUM TREATING OF SKINS Charles F. Rutherford, Philadelphia, Samuel Cameron Tease, Media, and Harry La Rue Troxell, Jr., Narberth, Pa., assignors to High Vacuum Processes, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application December 8, 1950, Serial No. 199,912
8 Claims.
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for treating leather and skins or producing leather from skins, and more particularly concerns the high vacuum treatment of skins and leather with liquid treating agents.
In conventional operations, pelts such as hides, skins of small animals, and kips, hereinafter generically referred to as skins, are first submerged and soaked in clear water and left for periods up to 48 hours. The cleaned and softened skins thus produced are subjected to a depilation or unhairing process, usually involving treatment with milk of lime, which conditions the hair and epidermis, and also the fatty tissues on the under side of the skin, so they are readily removed from the skin by mechanical methods. The unhaired skins may be subjected to the bating and pickling process for enhancing softness and pliability, and are actually converted to leather by tumbling in a box or drum containing tan liquor. After tanning, the leathers are passed into a bath for fixing the tannin, and are then dyed in lukewarm dye baths with mechanical working by means of a tumbler or paddle-wheel after first going through a series of mechanical operations. The leather thus produced, after drying and staking, frequently has a total area considerably less than that of the hide from which it was produced, and
the proportionate decrease of total area is termed the shrinkage of the hide.
The quantity of leather produced is frequently measured in terms of the total square footage or area of leather, per dozen skins produced, and an undesirably high shrinkage is often observed in customary tannery practice. It is accordingly an important object of this invention to provide means for minimizing the extent of such shrinkage, preserving however the high quality of the leather produced.
Frequently unfinished leather produced in ac- Y cordance with conventional methods is subjected to an operation wherein a mixture of oils and tanning materials is worked into the pores of the leather by rolling or tumbling in a drum. By reason of the presence ofthese added materials the thickness of the leather is increased but the aforementioned operation tends to break down the skin and to decrease its tensile strength. It is accordingly another object of the invention to eliminate such operations, and to produce,
leather having high tensile strength consistent with thickness and minimum shrinkage.
In conventional tannery operations the hides and skins are necessarily subjected to 9 1? Mil on of various treating liquids for rather long periods of time. Various attempts to speed the tanning, coloring, and liming operations by in creasing strength or temperature of treating liquids or chemicals have usually resulted in the production of inferior leather. Accordingly it is a still further object of this invention to provide an apparatus and process for producing high quality leather in a minimum time, and at greatly decreased cost as compared to prevailing practice.
Other and further objects and advantages of s Unhazring The skins, which have been cured and are normallyreceived at the tannery in substantially dehydrated form, are sorted, weighed and loaded directly into a rotary vacuum drum, without preliminary soaking. This rotary vacuum drum has a plurality of radially disposed inwardly directed-pegs arranged circumferentially on its inner race for rotation with the drum, which serve to lift the skins and then to drop them as the'drum'is rotated. The drum is also fitted with suitable conduits and attachmentswhereby it may be evacuated. Care is taken during the skin-loading operation to avoid packing, or in other-words it is important to load the skins loosely into the drum. The drum door is then closed to form an air-tight seal and the air is exhausted slowly from the drum by means of a vacuum pump. Vacuum readings for the vacuum within the drum are preferably taken pee riodically, say every ten to fifteen minutes, for example. When a vacuum of about 15 millimeters is attained, the drum is rotated very slowly, at intervals of about'one-half hour, for example at a rate of 18-20 revolutions per minute, for a total of four to six revolutions for each half-hour period. The skins are thus lifted by the pegs, flexed, and then dropped as the drum rotates. It is found that further rotation at this stage may tend to crack or damage the skins to an undesirable extent, while proper evacuation is dlificult if not impossible to achieve in a minimum time without rotation to tumble the skins when the vacuum present has reached a value in the vicinity of 15 mm. Hg.
Evacuation is continued until a high vacuum equivalent to an absolute pressure of 2000500 microns Hg is attained within the drum. Such high vacuum is then held for a period of about 30-60 minutes and the vacuum'comiections to the pump are sealed off. Lining chemicals .in :the form of a homogeneous liquid or milk, at a temperature of about 85 F., are admitted to the drum. During the course of lime introduction the vacuum drum is stationary. The lime is desirably a relatively dilute solution or suspension and preferably consists essentially of about 30% calcium oxide, 2% caustic soda or soda ashnmd 1-2 depilatory such as sodium sulfate, dimethylamine sulfate, or the composition commercially known as Sebacol, for example, the foregoing percentages being by weight and based upon the total weight of dry skins present for treatment. Sebacol is a powder comprising a mixture of .sodium sulfite, sodium .bisulflte, and caustic lime.
Upon admission of the lime and complete coverage of skins by the lime solution or milk, the drum is rotated for a time under the vacuum remaining in the sealed drum, preferably for 5 minutes to one hour. This step is important, the time of rotation varying with the type skins being processed. The vacuum is then broken while drum rotation is continued by admitting air to the drum, and this is followed by further drum rotation at the same speed for about onehalf to one hour. The drum is then opened and the skins are inspected for softness, pliability. and degree of lime penetration.
By reason of the processing in accordance with the invention, the skins are rendered soft and pliable within an unusually short period of time, on the order of approximately one-half to one hour. Treatment in accordance with this invention eliminates the clear water soak and liming operation heretofore found necessary, in one short operation. Frequently periods of at least two days have been required, in practicing conventional processes, merely for soaking alone.
Completeness of lime penetration is determined by cutting a skin, preferably along the backbone, which is usually most difficult to penetrate, and dropping a. standard phenolphthalein solution on the skin cross section thus exposed. Dark red coloration due to phenolphthalein action onlime solution'indicates the extent of lime penetration whilellght pink coloration will appear, usually just under the grain surface of the skin section, not reached by penetration of full strength lime solution. By reason of treatment in accordance with this invention, excellent lime penetration is attained in the surprisingly short time of V hour, as indicated.
The skins are now permitted to soak in the remaining lime at atmospheric pressure for a period of about 22-24 hours, with drum rotation for at least -15 minutes during each four-hour period. Drum rotation at this point is important. The agitation stirs the lime suspension preventing settling, and also flexes the skins periodically working fresh lime into the skins.
Following the lime soak at atmospheric pressure, water is introduced into the drum, gradually diluting the lime. The dilute lime is then run out of the drum and the skins are washed with circulating fresh water at B5-90F. They are now ready for beaming.
similar skins subjected to the conventional water soak and liming treatment.
Coloring The coloring process of the present invention is broadly applicable for treating leather whether or=n0t the leather has been beamed or tanned, .or beamed and tanned in accordance with the high vacuum process previously set forth herein. The skins maybe beamed or limed, unhaired, fleshed, tanned, delimed, bated, pickled and pearled in the usual manner preparatory to coloring in accordance with the process of this invention. The pieces of leather to be colored are loaded individually into the drum, which is then closed. Vacuum is applied in the manner indicated in the foregoing description relating to liming, and a vacuum of 2000-500 microns Hg isithus applied to the contents of the drum. Coloring solution consisting essentially of 0.5-5% by weight .sulfonated oil per hundred pounds crusted weight of skins, and about 15-30% by weight of basic or direct or acid dye being introduced, based on the total crusted weight of leather stock under treatment. For coloring with black dyes the sulfonated oil is preferably sulfonated marine oil such as cod oil, sperm oil or the like. Ordinarily sulionated oil and basic color dyes form undesirable precipitates interfering with proper leather coloring but we have found that these ingredients of the basic coloring composition are compatible in the coloring process of this invention. Ordinarily the basic dye would penetrate the leather independently of the sulfonated oil which would merely remain in the form of a separate film on the surface of the leather; even if the oil should be first applied to the leather, thereby effecting penetration, the subsequent application of basic color dyes would throw .the sulfonated oil back out of the leather with similar, highly undesirable, results.
Preferably the sulfonated oil and basic dye are introduced as a mixture into the vacuum drum. although other procedures may also he followed. These may, if found desirable in connection with the particular coloring process at hand, be followed by introduction of chrome, aniline, acid and direct dyes, and formic acid into the drum while maintaining the resulting vacuum. Formlc acid isintroduced into the-drum after the introduction .of thedyes. Drum rotation is continued duringall color admission steps.
Following the introduction of the dyes, the drum rotation is continued for about 5 to 10 minutes, under .the remaining vacuum. Air is admitted into therotating drum while the drum is rotated, rotation is continued .at atmospheric pressure for a short period, and the drum is opened for inspection of skins.
The leather is inspected for dye penetration by cutting and examining a cross section of the leather. Ordinarily complete penetration .of the entire cross section .of the leather piece is not required, but it is important that the extent of penetration be uniform throughout the piece. Accordingly the presence of a white streak disposed substantially just beneath the grain surface. bordered at both sides 'by uniform deeply colored strips, is indicative of highly effective and uniform dye penetration. This sort of dye penetration is attained, in unusually short time, by means of the process according to our invention. Moreover the dyed leather has good layout, has proper feel and lies fiat without surface wrinkles. Due to the uniformity and completeness of dye absorption little or no excess dye is found on the leather surface.
Tanning Leather may be produced from skins in accordance with the invention by tanning in a manner substantially the same as the previously described coloring process, substituting tan liquor for the specified coloring chemicals. The skins may be tanned whether or not they have been beamed or limed in accordance with this invention, and the advantages of minimum shrinkage, and minimum time required for retaining the skins in the tan liquor, are achieved in either case.
In all the foregoing specific examples of the invention the skins were charged into a rotary vacuum vessel provided with means for raising individual skins out of the liquid and subsequently permitting them to drop into the liquor, meanwhile flexing the skins. While such means are preferably in the form of short pegs disposed at spaced intervals on the inner circumference of a rotating drum, it will be appreciated that equivalent means including paddle-wheels, tumblers, or the like, may be provided for carrying out the steps of the method. It is highly important to remove the skins from the liquid, flex the skins in vacuum, and re-deposit them into the liquid since otherwise the important advantages heretofore pointed out are not realized to the fullest extent. The skins are preferably redeposited by dropping them and permitting free fall through a vertical drop of 4-6 feet or more, causing the skins to strike the surface of the liquid with considerable impact.
It will be appreciated that, while a high vacuum in the range of 2000-500 microns is preferred, it is within the scope of this invention to utilize a high vacuum of about this quantity, provided adequate processing is attained without sacrificing the advantages of improved shrinkage results.
It will further be appreciated that certain features of the invention may be used independently of the use of other features, that equivalent steps and elements may be substituted for the steps and elements specifically referred to, and that reversals and other changes in the sequence of steps of the method may be made, all within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Having thus described our invention, we claim:
1. In a method of processing skins with minimum shrinkage with a solution selected from the group consisting of unhairing, tanning and coloring solutions, the steps which comprise charging the skins into an air-tight container, withdrawing air from said container while slowly rotating said container, continuing the air withdrawal until a high vacuum of about 2000-500 microns mercury is attained, introducing said solution into said container to a level substan tially covering said skins, and slowly rotating the container lifting the skins above the liquid level, flexing said skins in the evacuated space above the liquid level, and returning said skins below the surface of the liquid while maintaining vacuum in said container.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the solution is an unhairing solution.
3. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the solution is a tanning solution.
4. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the solution is a coloring solution.
5. The method defined in claim 4 wherein the coloring solution consists essentially of about 0.55% by Weight sulphonated oil and 15-30% by weight basic dye.
6. The method defined in claim 5 wherein the sulfonated oil is a sulfonated marine oil selected from the group consisting of cod oil and sperm oil.
7. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said returning step comprises dropping said skins through a substantial distance causing them to fall solely under the influence of gravity whereby they strike the surface of the solution with considerable impact.
8. The method defined in claim 7 wherein said skins are caused to fall a distance of at least about four feet.
CHARLES F. RUTHERFCRD. SAMUEL CAMERON TEASE. HARRY LA RUE TRO'XELL, JR.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS facturing, pages 337 and 709, published 1941 by Rheinhold Publishing Company, New York city.

Claims (1)

1. IN A METHOD OF PROCESSING SKINS WITH MINIMUN SHRINKAGE WITH A SOLUTION SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF UNHAIRING, TANNING AND COLORING SOLUTIONS, THE STEPS, WHICH COMPRISE CHARGING THE SKINS INTO AN AIR-TIGHT CONTAINER, WITHDRAWING AIR FROM SAID CONTAINER WITH SLOWLY ROTATING SAID CONTAINER, CONTINUING THE AIR WITHDRAWAL UNTIL A HIGH VACUUM OF ABOUT 2000-500 MICRONS MERCURY IS ATTAINED, INTRODUCING SAID SOLUTION INTO SAID CONTAINER TO A LEVEL SUBTANTIALLY COVERING SAID SKINS, AND SLOWLY ROTATING THE CONTAINER LIFTING THE SKINS ABOVE THE LIQUID LEVEL, FLEXING THE SKINS IN THE EVACUATED SPACE ABOVE THE LIQUID LEVEL, AND RETURNING SAID SKINS BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID WHILE MAINTAINING VACUUM IN SAID CONTAINER.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070283504A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-13 Ronald Eugene Wegner Machine for processing animal hides

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190926040A (en) * 1909-11-10 1910-09-08 Charles Wesley Nance An Improved Process of Tanning.
US1065168A (en) * 1909-12-27 1913-06-17 Charles Wesley Nance Tanning.
US1230667A (en) * 1915-11-06 1917-06-19 Oma Carr Process of manufacturing of leather.
US1338307A (en) * 1919-06-20 1920-04-27 Krouse Charles Clement Art of tanning
GB167785A (en) * 1920-02-14 1921-08-15 Albert Manvers Process for tanning
US1789629A (en) * 1928-04-04 1931-01-20 Kannel Charles Method of tanning sole leather
US1887972A (en) * 1930-03-11 1932-11-15 Friberg S Hogvacuumpump Ab Process of tanning hides
US2354200A (en) * 1940-11-25 1944-07-25 United Shoe Machinery Corp Method of drying hides and skins
US2438150A (en) * 1944-04-22 1948-03-23 United Shoe Machinery Corp Soaking, freezing, and drying by sublimation of untanned hides

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190926040A (en) * 1909-11-10 1910-09-08 Charles Wesley Nance An Improved Process of Tanning.
US1065168A (en) * 1909-12-27 1913-06-17 Charles Wesley Nance Tanning.
US1230667A (en) * 1915-11-06 1917-06-19 Oma Carr Process of manufacturing of leather.
US1338307A (en) * 1919-06-20 1920-04-27 Krouse Charles Clement Art of tanning
GB167785A (en) * 1920-02-14 1921-08-15 Albert Manvers Process for tanning
US1789629A (en) * 1928-04-04 1931-01-20 Kannel Charles Method of tanning sole leather
US1887972A (en) * 1930-03-11 1932-11-15 Friberg S Hogvacuumpump Ab Process of tanning hides
US2354200A (en) * 1940-11-25 1944-07-25 United Shoe Machinery Corp Method of drying hides and skins
US2438150A (en) * 1944-04-22 1948-03-23 United Shoe Machinery Corp Soaking, freezing, and drying by sublimation of untanned hides

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070283504A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-13 Ronald Eugene Wegner Machine for processing animal hides

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