US2652366A - Method of preparing lubricating grease compositions - Google Patents

Method of preparing lubricating grease compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2652366A
US2652366A US179594A US17959450A US2652366A US 2652366 A US2652366 A US 2652366A US 179594 A US179594 A US 179594A US 17959450 A US17959450 A US 17959450A US 2652366 A US2652366 A US 2652366A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grease
temperature
soap
oil
shearing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US179594A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert C Jones
Robert J Wall
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Shell Development Co
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Shell Development Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE505262D priority Critical patent/BE505262A/xx
Priority to NL76475D priority patent/NL76475C/xx
Application filed by Shell Development Co filed Critical Shell Development Co
Priority to US179594A priority patent/US2652366A/en
Priority to GB19264/51A priority patent/GB704023A/en
Priority to FR1053933D priority patent/FR1053933A/fr
Priority to DEN4316A priority patent/DE906842C/de
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Publication of US2652366A publication Critical patent/US2652366A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/105—Silica
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of lubricating grease and particularly to the manufacture of a mineral oil base grease by a continuous process.
  • a gelling agent such as a soap
  • an organic liquid carrier such as a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity
  • the cooled gel is then usually subjected to a milling operation to homogenize it to a homogeneous grease composition.
  • both the apparatus and methods employed in such processes have proven unsatisfactory, especially when applied to the manufacture of quality and superior greases.
  • Quality greases are critical compositions, the size and state of aggregation of the gelling agent therein having a pronounced effect upon the physical properties of the finished grease, such as dimensional stability, resistance to bleeding, etc.
  • the preparation of superior greases is contingent upon the distribution of the gelling agent therein, e. g., a soap, such as a lithium hydroxy fatty acid soap, in the form of fibers or elongated crystals having a fairly high length to Width ratio.
  • the effioiency of utilization of the gelling agent as a thickening agent depends upon the degree to which the gelling agent is present as discrete fibers, in contrast to more or less isometric crystals or bundles of fibers.
  • the amount of gelling agent (yield) required to achieve a given consistency (penetration) or mechanical stability is dependent upon this efficiency of utilization. It follows then that an important point in a grease preparative procedure is the step wherein the gelling agent is produced in the desired fiber (crystal) form; for example, in the manufacture of a soap-base grease, the crystallization step wherein the soap is precipitated.
  • Figure I is a. process flow diagram for the manufacture of a lithium lZ-hydroxystearatemineral lubricating oil grease according to the invention.
  • Figure II is a graphical presentation of the influence of temperature, T1, upon grease conistency for a lithium IZ-hydroxystearate-mineral oil grease;
  • Figure III is a graphical presentation of the influence of recycle temperature, T2, upon grease consistency for a lithium l2-hydroxystearatemineral oil grease
  • Figure IV is a graphical presentation of the relationship between the pressure drop, AP, and the recycle ratio, R,,with respect to consistency of a lithium IZ-hydroxystearate grease.
  • Figure V is a graphical presentation of the relationship between consistency (penetration) of a lithium 12-hydroxystearate grease and the amount of shearing (work) performed thereupon.
  • a superior grease may be obtained by a process which comprises: heating a slurry of a suitable gelling agent in a liquid lubricant carrier to approximately the solution temperature; rapidly cooling, as by quenching, while working the resulting admixture to a temperature substantially below said solution temperature and cooling the resulting admixture to packaging temperature.
  • a superior grease may be obtained by a process which comprises: rapidly heating a slurry concentrate of a suitable gelling agent, such as a metallic soap of a fatty acid, in a liquid lubricant carrier, such as a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity, to solution temperature; rapidly cooling While working the resulting admixture to a temperature substantially below said solution temperature at least about 25 F. below solution temperature, as for example, by the addition thereto of liquid lubricant carrier, such as the amount of liquid lubricant necessary to bring the proportion of liquid lubricant present in the finished grease to the desired amount, and cooling the resulting admixture to packaging temperature with or Without stirring as desired.
  • a suitable gelling agent such as a metallic soap of a fatty acid
  • a liquid lubricant carrier such as a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity
  • Figure I is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention as applied to the preparation of lithium 12-hydroxystearate-mineral lubricating oil grease.
  • a lithium 12-hydroxystearate and mineral oil slurry-concentrate, containing about 12% by weight of said soap plus desired additives was prepared in kettle H, such as a standard Dopp kettle, equipped with a suitable agitator l2 and heated therein to some convenient temperature, say about 285 F.
  • the temperature of about 285 F. was selected because it could easily be reached by employing steam as the heating medium without necessitating unduly high steam pressures.
  • the resulting slurry at a temperatureof about 285 F. leaves the kettle via line Ill and enters a high pressure positive displacement pump it from which it is discharged at a suitable rate, e.
  • a shearing device 2! such as a plug cock.
  • a plug cock is selected because of its simplicity, flexibility, low cost, etc. Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the opening in the plug cook a wide range of pressure drop, APi, across the same is possible.
  • a relatively large portion of the quenched, sheared soap-oil admixture at a temperature T2 is withdrawn from line It by line 24 which leads to a high pressure positive displacement type pump 25, such as a gear pump which supplies the major portion of the energy required to accomplish the shearing within plug cock 2% and also the recycling of the soap-oil mixture via line 2i.
  • the temperature T2 is maintained and controlled by injection from line 26 into line 2
  • the injection oil in line 26 is supplied thereto via line 28 from a high pressure positive displacement type pump 2%; the oil is heated by passing through heat exchanger 3i] wherein the temperature of the injection oil emerging therefrom is maintained and/or controlled by a suitable temperature control device actuated by a selected temperature T2 in line [9 to control the amount of heat exchange fluid entering and leaving said heat exchanger 30 via lines BI and $53, respectively.
  • a portion of the quenched, sheared soap-oil admixture from line H? passes into a high capacity forced-film type of heat exchanger (Votator type) 32 which is supplied with a suitable coolant, such as water.
  • a suitable coolant such as water.
  • the cooled grease emerges from heat exchanger 32 at some reduced temperature, for instance, in the neighborhood of 100 F., and is ready for packaging or for any other processing which may be desired.
  • the experiments consisted of passing a concentrated slurry of gelling agent and additives (about 12% by weight of the total composition) a mineral oil (750 SSU at 100 F. pale oil), said slurry having been obtained by saponiiying hydrogenated castor oil glycerides with lithium hydroxide to obtain a lithium hydroxystearate soap, through a Votator type heat exchanger, thence into a recycle line wherein oil is injected, and shearing the resulting admixture by means of a suitably adjusted plug cock and then cooling the admixture in another Votator type heat exchanger.
  • a concentrated slurry of gelling agent and additives about 12% by weight of the total composition
  • a mineral oil 750 SSU at 100 F. pale oil
  • Quenching is accomplished due to the temperature differential which exists between the top slurry temperature Tl of the soap-oil admixture immediately after emerging from the aforesaid first heating Votator and the maintained recycle temperature T2 of the quenched, sheared grease.
  • This rapid cooling (quenching) should be accomplished as quickly as possible, for example, in less than one minute, preferably less than 30 seconds.
  • Temperature, T1 to which the slurry-concentrate was heated in the heating-Votator.
  • Temperature, T2 of the quenched-sheared soap-oil admixture after passing through plug cock.
  • Pressure drop AP across the recycle pump which is the sum of the pressure drop, AP1, across the plug valve plus the pressure drop, .APz, in the recycle line, excluding the plug valve.
  • Recycle ratio 1. e., weight ratio of soap-oil admixture passing through recycle pump to Weight of grease taken ofi as product per unit of time.
  • the temperature T1 to which the concentrate was heated in the heating-Votator was varied between 360" and 420 F. while the recycle stream temperature T2 was maintained at 325 F. and the pressure drop AP across the recycle pump, and the recycle ratio, B, were maintained at 50 p. s. i. and 19.5, respectively.
  • a number of runs were made under the above conditions and the consistencies (penetration) of the resulting greases were determined. The results of these tests are graphically presented in Figure 11.
  • FIG II is a graphical presentation of the influence of final soap-oil temperature, T1, (before quenching and shearing) upon consistency of a lithium 12-hydroxystearate mineral oil unhomogenized grease as evidenced by penetration values of the finished grease.
  • T1 final soap-oil temperature
  • the temperature T1 for maximum yield is about 380 F.
  • yield rapidly decreases as the temperature T1 is increased or decreased beyond this value.
  • this temperature (380 F.) can be readily understood from the re sults of a differential thermal analysis of the subject lithium hydroxystearate grease.
  • Ther mal analysis studies indicate the presence of two transition temperatures; the lower temperature. about 330 F., can be considered as the frozen temperature and the higher temperature, about 385 F., can be considered as the solution temperature. Within this transition range heating causes loosening of the soap structure and increasing solubility. Substantially complete solution occurs at the solution temperature.
  • solution temperature is meant that temperature, as indicated by differential thermal analysis of the particular gelling agent-liquid lubricant system, at which the temperature differential of the two cells within the calorimeter has reached its greatest value.
  • Solution temperature may be characterized as that temperature at which substantially complete solution of the gelling agent in the liquid lubricant takes place, i. e., that temperature at which a substantial amount of the gelling agent therein is present as molecular aggregates (crystal nuclei) or at most discrete molecules approximating colloidal dimensions in size.
  • Solution temperature may be further characterized as that temperature at which the Tyndall beam disappears in the mixture. This is a convenient and accepted criterion of solution in colloid systems.
  • the state of aggregation material ly affects the physical properties of the grease, thus any difference in the dispersion of the soap fibers contained therein will correspondingly affect the yield. Accordingly, as T1 approaches 380 F. the soap fiber bundles are more easily disrupted and dismembered for a given amount of shearing, a higher degree of dispersion with accompanying increase in yield results.
  • T is greater than 380 F., especially greater than 385 F. (the solution temperature)
  • the molecular aggregates crystal nuclei
  • the solution temperature of a gelling agent in liquid carrier varies with the type of gelling agent and liquid carrier employed (usually a liquid organic compound such as mineral oil).
  • the solution temperature of lithium lZ-hydroxystearate in a mineral oil varies according to the viscosity and/ or average molecular weight of the mineral oil, solution temperature increasing with increasing viscosity.
  • the data in Table I illustrate the effect of increasing mineral oil viscosity on the solution temperature of lithium 12-hydroxystearate therein.
  • the mineral oil in each case was a refined solvent extracted rafflnate fraction.
  • Figure III is a graphical presentation of the influence of the recycle temperature T2 (grease temperature after being quenched and worked) upon consistency of the grease, as evidenced by the penetration values obtained.
  • recycle temperature T2 The influence of recycle temperature T2 upon the'physical properties of the finished grease is complicated by two variables which are dependcut on the recycle temperature, via: (a) the temperature at which the grease is worked (sheared) and (b) the quench temperature differential (i. e., T1 minus T2) which controls the fiber size of the soap in the finished grease.
  • a suitable method of reducing the amount of aggregation after quenching is to quench a more dilute soap-oil concentrate.
  • Figure IV is a graphical presentation of the relationship between the pressure drop APi across the plug cock and the recycle ratio R with respect to various penetration values of a lithium 12-hydroxystearate grease.
  • Figure V is a graphical presentation of the relationship between consistency (penetration) of a lithium lz-hydroxystearate grease and the amount of shearing (work) performed thereupon.
  • the best correlation between shearing work performed per unit mass of finished grease (W/m) and consistency (penetration) is obtained when the pressure drop employed to determine the rate of energy expended in shearing the grease is taken as the sum of pressure drop across the plug valve (APi) plus one-tenth (031) of the value of the recycle line pressure drop APZ, excluding the plug valve.
  • This relationship is shown in Figure V using the log scale for the value of W/rn merely for convenience of illustration.
  • the degree of shearing should be at least about 4000 ft. pounds per pound of finished grease, while the optimum amount of shearing is in the neighborhood of above about' i500 ft. lbs. per lb. of finished grease, preferably about 8,000 ft. lbs. of work per lb. of finished grease.
  • the resulting solution is then drawn off and enters a recycle line where it is cooled to the quenched temperature T2 by the addition of liquid carrier thereto and sheared, as by passing through a plug cock, drawing off a portion as product and recycling the remainder.
  • a mixture containing gelling agent and liquid carrier in the proportions to be found in the finished grease may be prepared in the solution kettle In this type of batch operation and quenching accomplished by means of a heat exchanger while shearing.
  • the gelling agents used to form the grease may be soaps of fatty acids and/or their glycerides.
  • the saponifiable material may be higher fatty acids having from 10 to 32 carbon atoms and they may be saturated, unsaturated or polarsubstituted fatty acids, such as capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, myristoleic, palmitoleic, olei'c, linoleic,
  • palm oil fatty acids hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids, and their mixtures and/or their glycerides, such as lard, beef, rapeseed, palm, menhaden, herring oils, etc.
  • Other acids may be included, among which are: acids produced by oxidation of petroleum oil and waxes, rosin acids, tall oil acids, abietic acids, including dehydroabietic acid and dihydroabietic acid; naphthenic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids and the like.
  • a particularly preferred class of saponifiable materials is the class of hydroxy fatty acids and their glycerides, such as dimethylhydroxy caprylic acids, dimethyl hydroxy caprics, hydroxy physetoleic acid, ricinoleic acid, ricinelaidic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, l-hydroxypalmitic acid, linusic acid, sativic acid, lanoceric acid, dihydroxygadoleic, dihydroxybehenic acid, quince-oil acid and the like.
  • the preferred hydroxy fatty acids are those in which the hydroxy group is at least 12 carbon fit 10 atoms removed from the carboxyl group.
  • hydroxy fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms and up to about 32 carbon atoms and preferably those having between 14 and 32 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • their glycerides can be used such as castor oil or hydrogenated castor oil or mixtures of free hydroxy fatty acids and their glycerides can be used. Mixtures of hydroxy and nonhydroxy fatty acids can be used to form soaps for uses in the invention.
  • the saponifying agent used to make the soap may be metal compounds of Li, Na, K, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, ZnZ, Pb and Co, and preferably the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of the alkaline metals of valences from 1 to 3. Mixtures of soaps can be used and the soaps can be made in situ or pre-made soaps can be used to form the grease.
  • preferred soaps and mixtures thereof are the alkali metal fatty acid soaps, such as lithium stearate, lithium hydroxystearate, lithium ricinoleate, lithium soap of hydrogenated fish-oil fatty acids, lithium soap of mixed stearic and hydroxystearic acid, sodium stearate, sodium hydroxystearate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium rosinate, calcium stearate, calcium hydroxystearate, barium hydroxystearate, barium stearate, barium soap of mixed stearic and hydroxystearic acids, lithium soap of mixed oleic and hydroxystearic acids, sodium soap of mixed stearic and hydroxystearic acid; barium soap of mixed stearic and oleic acid, lead ricinoleate; mixed soaps of lithium stearate and sodium stearate; mixed soaps of lithium hydroxystearate and sodium stearate; mixed soaps of lithium hydroxystearate and calcium stearate, calcium
  • soaps instead of using only soaps as the gelling agent mixtures of soaps and other gelling agents, such as organic or inorganic aerogels, e. g., silica aerogels, alumina aerogels,. nylon or cellulose fibers can be used in addition to the soap as the gelling agent.
  • organic or inorganic aerogels e. g., silica aerogels, alumina aerogels,.
  • nylon or cellulose fibers can be used in addition to the soap as the gelling agent.
  • the soap content of grease compositions of this invention may vary over wide limits and may be as high as 50%. In practice, it is pos sible by choice of suitable grease-forming lubricant bases to manufacture satisfactory lubricating greases containing only about 10% or less by weight of the soap mixtures, Very satisfactory products are obtained with a total soap content of about 6% to 8% by weight on the finished grease.
  • the grease-forming lubricant bases used in preparing the greases of the present invention may vary widely in character and include mineral oil of wide viscosity range, the range: varying from about 100 SSU at 100 F. to about 2000 SSU at 100 F.
  • the viscosity index of the oil can vary from below zero to about or higher and can have an average molecular Weight ranging from about 250 to about 600. It may be highly refined and solvent treated if desired by known means.
  • a preferred mineral oil is one which has a viscosity of 300 to 700 SSU at F., a viscosity index of from 40 to 90 or even higher and an average molecular weight of 350 to 750.
  • synthetic oils and lubricants may be substituted in part or wholly for the mineral oil.
  • synthetic lubricants which can be used are: polymerized olefins; polyalkylene glycols and their partial or complete ethers and esters; or-
  • ganic esters e. g., 2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate', tri-ethylhexyl phosphate; polymeric tetrahydrofuran; polyalkyl silicone poly mers, e. g., dimethyl silicone polymers; alkylated aromatics, such as waxylated naphthalene, etc.
  • minor amounts of a fixed oil such as castor oil, lard oil, etc., may be admixed with the hydrocarbon oil and/ or synthetic oil used in making grease compositions of this invention.
  • alkylene glycol and/or alkylene thio glycol polymers including their mixtures as Well as their monoesters and ether polymeric derivatives.
  • the all zylene glycol polymeric materials, also named polyoxyalkylene diols, can be represented by the-following general structural formula:
  • n and n are the same or different integers in agiven molecule and a is an integer.
  • the polymeric alkylene glycols as represented by the above general formula should be such that the product of the factor a and number of carbon atoms within the brackets should be at least 6 and more.
  • the higher polyalkylene glycols having be tween 2 and 6 carbon atoms in the alkylene group are most effective as additives of this invention those containing the ethylene propylene groups are preferred.
  • the average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycols may be from about 200 to about 7,000 and the preferred molecular weight being from about 600 to 6,090, it being understood that such compositions are always mixtures of various molecular species of different molecular weight.
  • soaps or salts there may be added small amounts of other soaps or salts, generally in amounts of less than 2% for additional benefits.
  • sodium soap grease as described above minor amount of aluminum soap or alkali alkaline earth metal naphthenates, acetates, hydroxybenzoate, alpha-hydroxystearate, alpha-hydroxypropionate, beta-hydroxypropionate, gamma-hydroxyvalerate, Ca salt of an allylphenolformaldehyde condensation product, Zn dibutyldithiocarbamate, etc.
  • oxidation inhibitors can be added to grease compositions of this invention with benefit such N-butyl paraphenylene diamine.
  • Also effective as oxidation inhibitors are alpha or beta naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha or beta, naphthylamine, alpha-alpha, beta-beta dinaphthylamine, diphenylamine, tetramethyl-diamino-diphenylmethane, petroleum alkyl phenols, and 2,4-ditertiary-butyl-6-methyl phenol.
  • Corrosion inhibitors which are particularly applicable with compositions of this invention are bl-primary amines containing at least 6 up to 18 and more carbon atoms in the molecule such as hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, heterocyclic nitrogencontaining organic compounds such as alkyl substituted oxazolines and oxazoline salts of fatty acids.
  • Extreme pressure agents can be added to such grease and the preferred agents comprise esters of phosphorus acids such as triaryl-, alkylhydroxy-, allryl-, aralkyh, phosphates, thiophosphates, or phosphites, etc., neutral aromatic sul fur compounds such as diaryl sulfides and polysulfides, e.
  • esters of phosphorus acids such as triaryl-, alkylhydroxy-, allryl-, aralkyh, phosphates, thiophosphates, or phosphites, etc.
  • neutral aromatic sul fur compounds such as diaryl sulfides and polysulfides, e.
  • sperm oil, jojoba oil, etc. in which the sulfur is tightly bound; sulfurized long-chainolefins obtained by dehydrogenation or cracking of wax; sulfurized phosphorized fatty oils, acids, esters and ketones, phosphorus acid esters having sulfurized organic radicals, such as esters of phosphoric or phosphorus acids with hydroxy fatty acids, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, mineral lubricating oils, etc., or chlorinated esters of fatty acids containing the chlorine in positions other than the alpha position.
  • anti-wear agents such as oil-soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, e. g., urethanes, alliophanates, carbazides, carbazones, etc.; or rubber, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl esters, etc.; viscosity index (V. I.) improvers such as polyisobutylene having a molecular weight above about 800, voltolized paraffin wax, unsaturated polymerized esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols, etc.; oiliness agents such as stearic and oleic acids and pour point depressors such as chlorinated naphthalene to further lower the pour point of the lubricant.
  • anti-wear agents such as oil-soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, e. g., urethanes, alliophanates, carbazides, carbazones, etc.; or rubber, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl esters,
  • the amount of the additives can be added to grease compositions of this invention in around about 0.01% up to less than 10% by weight and preferably from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight.
  • Greases manufactured according to this invention are applicable for general automotive uses, and are excellent aircraft greases, industrial greases and the like.
  • a process for the preparation of a lubricating grease which comprises heating a mixture of a lubricating oil and a grease-forming amount of a gelling agent therefor to about solution temperature T1, quenching the heated mixture in a period of time less than about one minute to a lower temperature T2 between about 25 F. and 55 F. lower than said solution temperature T1 substantially all of the quenching being conducted before any substantial shearing of the mixture, and thereafter shearing said mixture at temperature T2, to form a grease, the amount of shearing performed upon said grease being at least 4,000 ft. lbs. per pound of finished grease.
  • liquid carrier lubricant is a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • a continuous process for the manufacture of a superior lubricating grease which comprises: continuously, rapidly heating an admixture of a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity and lithium 12-hydroxystearate to about 380 F.; rapidly cooling the resulting solution to a temperature of about 335 F. by commingling said resulting solution with a relatively cool recycle stream substantially all of said quenching being conducted before any substantial shearing of the mixture and thereafter shearing the commingled streams at about said latter temperature, the amount of shearing performed upon said commingled streams being at least about 4,000 ft. lbs. per pound mass of finished grease product; continuously withdrawing a portion of said commingled streams as product and continuously recycling and cooling the remainder of said commingled streams to provide said c001 recycle stream.
  • a process for the preparation of a lubricating grease which comprises heating a mixture of a mineral lubricating oil and a grease-forming amount of lithium hydroxystearate to a temperature between the minimum solution temperature and about 5 therebelow, at least the period of heating above about 285 F. being carried out in a forced film heat exchanger, quenching in a period of time less than about one minute to a temperature between about 45 F. and 55 F. below said solution temperature, substantially all of the quenching being conducted before any substantial shearing of the mixture, and thereafter shearing said mixture at about said temperature, the amount of shearing performed upon the grease so formed being at least 4,000 ft. lbs. per pound of finished grease.
  • lithium hydroxystearate is lithium 12-hy droxystearate.
  • a grease-forming process which comprises heating a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of between 100 and 1500 SSU at 100 F. and a gelling amount of lithium lz-hydroxystearate to a temperature between about the minimum solution temperature and about 5 F. therebelow, quenching said grease in a period of time less than about one minute to a temperature between about 45 F. and about 55 F. below said solution temperature, substantially all of the quenching being conducted before any substantial shearing of the mixture, by the addition of mineral oil to said mixture, and shearing the soap and oil to a grease structure at about said latter temperature, the amount of thereafter shearing performed upon said grease being between 4500 and 8000 ft. lbs. per pound of finished grease.
  • a grease-forming process which comprises rapidly heating a mixture of a lubricating oil and a gelling proportion of a grease-forming soap to a temperature between about the minimum solution temperature and 5 F. therebelow; quenching said mixture to a temperature between about 25 F. and about 55 F. below said solution temperature by commingling the mixture with a relatively cool recycle stream and added lubricating oil, substantially all of the quenching being carried out with substantially no shearing, and thereafter shearing the commingled mixture at about the minimum quench temperature, the amount of shearing performed on said commingled mixture being at least about 4,000 ft. lbs. per pound of finished grease product, withdrawing a portion of said product and cooling and recycling it to provide said cool recycle stream.
  • a grease-forming process which comprises rapidly heating a mixture of mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 750 SSU at F. and a gelling proportion of lithium-12- hydroxy stearate to a solution temperature of about 380 F., quenching said mixture to about 335 F. by commingling the mixture with a relatively cool recycle stream and added lubricating oil, substantially all of the quenching being carried out with substantially no shearing, and thereafter shearing the commingled mixture at about 335 F., the amount of shearing being about 8000 ft. lbs. per pound of finished grease product, withdrawing a portion of said product and Cooling and recycling it to provide said cool recycle stream, the weight ratio of recycle stream to weight of finished grease being at least about 19.5.

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GB19264/51A GB704023A (en) 1950-08-15 1951-08-15 Improvements in and relating to the preparation of lubricating greases
FR1053933D FR1053933A (fr) 1950-08-15 1951-08-16 Procédé de préparation de graisses composées lubrifiantes
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US2760936A (en) * 1952-05-20 1956-08-28 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Manufacture of lithium grease
US2830022A (en) * 1953-06-30 1958-04-08 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture with recycle cooling
US2859181A (en) * 1956-05-02 1958-11-04 Texas Co Heat stable lithium-lead soap composition
US2862884A (en) * 1954-03-23 1958-12-02 Texas Co Process for anhydrous calcium 12-hydroxy stearate and estolide containing grease
US2870090A (en) * 1956-06-25 1959-01-20 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture comprising shearing
US2876198A (en) * 1955-03-15 1959-03-03 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture with combined oil quench and recycle cooling
US2886525A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-05-12 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture which comprises shearing the grease mixture at high temperatures
US2892778A (en) * 1954-10-25 1959-06-30 California Research Corp Low temperature method for preparing high temperature greases
US2898298A (en) * 1954-03-16 1959-08-04 Sinclair Refining Co Process for lithium base grease
US2915467A (en) * 1954-11-23 1959-12-01 Sinclair Refining Co Method of preparing an anhydrous calcium grease
US2950248A (en) * 1954-09-24 1960-08-23 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Grease manufacture including mechanical atomization of the charge
US2959548A (en) * 1955-11-25 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for forming a lithium-calcium grease composition
US2990368A (en) * 1958-05-09 1961-06-27 Universal Oil Prod Co Lubricating grease compositions containing an alkylaminocarbazole
US3003962A (en) * 1958-12-22 1961-10-10 Texaco Inc Extreme pressure steel mill lithium base grease containing sulfurized sperm oil and lead naphthenate
US3015624A (en) * 1958-12-22 1962-01-02 Texaco Inc Method of preparing lithium soap greases
US3403100A (en) * 1963-12-31 1968-09-24 Texaco Inc Method of grease manufacture
US3475337A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-10-28 Texaco Inc Method of grease manufacture
US3475335A (en) * 1963-12-24 1969-10-28 Texaco Inc Method and apparatus for continuous grease manufacture
US20020160088A1 (en) * 2001-03-14 2002-10-31 Hiroshi Sakaguchi Fibrous crystal aggregates, preparation method thereof and use thereof
US20100099592A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2010-04-22 Brossaud Jean-Luc Pierre Andre Process and apparatus for preparing a urea grease

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DE975128C (de) * 1953-06-08 1961-08-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Ziehen von sich verjuengenden Metallhuelsen und anderen metallischen Werkstuecken
BE547164A (en, 2012) * 1955-04-22
GB8608656D0 (en) * 1986-04-09 1986-05-14 Shell Int Research Anti-corrosion composition
FR2699758B1 (fr) * 1992-12-17 1995-02-03 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Unité d'entraînement pour un essuie-glace de véhicule automobile.
CN112745980B (zh) * 2019-10-29 2022-08-09 中国石油化工股份有限公司 润滑脂组合物及其制备方法

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US2760936A (en) * 1952-05-20 1956-08-28 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Manufacture of lithium grease
US2830022A (en) * 1953-06-30 1958-04-08 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture with recycle cooling
US2898298A (en) * 1954-03-16 1959-08-04 Sinclair Refining Co Process for lithium base grease
US2862884A (en) * 1954-03-23 1958-12-02 Texas Co Process for anhydrous calcium 12-hydroxy stearate and estolide containing grease
US2950248A (en) * 1954-09-24 1960-08-23 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Grease manufacture including mechanical atomization of the charge
US2892778A (en) * 1954-10-25 1959-06-30 California Research Corp Low temperature method for preparing high temperature greases
US2915467A (en) * 1954-11-23 1959-12-01 Sinclair Refining Co Method of preparing an anhydrous calcium grease
US2876198A (en) * 1955-03-15 1959-03-03 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture with combined oil quench and recycle cooling
US2886525A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-05-12 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture which comprises shearing the grease mixture at high temperatures
US2959548A (en) * 1955-11-25 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for forming a lithium-calcium grease composition
US2859181A (en) * 1956-05-02 1958-11-04 Texas Co Heat stable lithium-lead soap composition
US2870090A (en) * 1956-06-25 1959-01-20 Texas Co Method of grease manufacture comprising shearing
US2990368A (en) * 1958-05-09 1961-06-27 Universal Oil Prod Co Lubricating grease compositions containing an alkylaminocarbazole
US3015624A (en) * 1958-12-22 1962-01-02 Texaco Inc Method of preparing lithium soap greases
US3003962A (en) * 1958-12-22 1961-10-10 Texaco Inc Extreme pressure steel mill lithium base grease containing sulfurized sperm oil and lead naphthenate
US3475335A (en) * 1963-12-24 1969-10-28 Texaco Inc Method and apparatus for continuous grease manufacture
US3403100A (en) * 1963-12-31 1968-09-24 Texaco Inc Method of grease manufacture
US3475337A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-10-28 Texaco Inc Method of grease manufacture
US20020160088A1 (en) * 2001-03-14 2002-10-31 Hiroshi Sakaguchi Fibrous crystal aggregates, preparation method thereof and use thereof
US6797846B2 (en) * 2001-03-14 2004-09-28 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology Fibrous crystal aggregates, preparation method thereof and use thereof
US20040265467A1 (en) * 2001-03-14 2004-12-30 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology Fibrous crystal aggregates, preparation method thereof and use thereof
US20100099592A1 (en) * 2006-12-07 2010-04-22 Brossaud Jean-Luc Pierre Andre Process and apparatus for preparing a urea grease
US8703671B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2014-04-22 Shell Oil Company Process and apparatus for preparing a urea grease

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1053933A (fr) 1954-02-05
NL76475C (en, 2012)
DE906842C (de) 1954-03-18
BE505262A (en, 2012)
GB704023A (en) 1954-02-17

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