US2644515A - Gas burner head with secondary air feed grooves - Google Patents

Description

July 7, 1953 A. J. LAMPERT ETAL GAS BURNER HEAD WITH SECONDARY AIR FEED GROOVES Filed Dec. 22, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet l R INVENTORS; A4857? (Z [An/Paw 1% [zoom A. Nam/r7- I M I flTTORNEYs.

July 7, 1953 A. J. LAMPERT ET AL 2,644,515

GAS BURNER HEAD WITH SECONDARY AIR FEED GROOVES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 22, 1947 Patented July 7, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GAS BURNER-- HEAD WITH SECONDARY. AIR- EEED GROOVES Albert J'. Lampert, Walnut, and Eldon A. Merritt, South Gate, Galifi, assignors to Rh'ecm Manu facturing Company, Richmond, Calif., a. cor-- porationof California Application December 22, 1941, Serial No. 793,092

' Claims.

1: Our invention relates togas burners and has particular reference to a burner adaptable for use in connection with, but'not limited to, floor furnaces. Whereas, the preferred form of embodiment of our invention, hereinafter tov be illustrat'ed, is particularly designed for a floor furnace wherein it is desired to create. large quantitles of heat in a. rather limitedspace, it'is'to be understood that our invention is. susceptible of broader applications and that by illustrating a. floor furnace burner, we do not, Wish to be confined to such an application.

'It is among the objects of our invention to produce av highly eflicient gas burner for floor furnaces which will produce large quantities of heat in a. relatively small space and yet which will produce a stable flame, good flame characteris tics, and. a,v flame which. is free from lifting or flashback,

In order to function effectively, raw gas, which isintroduced' from the supply line into the burner, must be mixed at thetimeof, or prior to, ignition with a certain quantity of air in order to insure sufficient oxygen. for complete combustion. It has been found. that air in anamount ofl approximately nine-tenths of a cubic foot is. required for each 100 B. t. u. to be produced. For example, a heater designed to produce. 1100 B. t. u. will require approximately ten cubic feet of air for complete. and efficient combustion of the. fuel.

In most gasburners the air is introduced in two places. .Air is introducedinto a jet of raw gas moving by an-orifice or into the throat of a Venturi tube. The air so mixed is designated asv primary air. The balance of. the. air necessary" for complete. combustion is introduced: into the gas at the point of. combustion and is usually designated as secondary air. The proportion between primary air and secondary air is, within limits, a matter ofchoioe, and is. usually dependent uponconstructionof the burner.

It. is usually desired tointroduce as much primary air'as possible because of the uncertainty of secondary air and because av closer portspacing is thereby made possible. Certainobjections arise out of the introduction oftoomuchprimary air. A- mixture of too much primary air results in an explosive or a fast bur'ning' mixture. which may cause flashback if the ratiobetween the port depth and port area is not carefully controlled.

A further object of our invention is to provide a burner for such gas burning equipment as floor furnaces which is so constructed that a maximum port spacing can be obtained in a relatively small 2: burner, thereby permitting amaximum percentage of secondary air.

A further object of our invention is to provide a meansforpreventingrapid upsurge ofair about the periphery of the burner toprevent lifting of the flame.

A still further object of our invention is to provide radially directed flame envelopes so that there" will" be no overlapping or commingling of the flame envelopes which would choke ofi secondaryair;

In a gas burner of the type hereinafter de scribed, which comprises a relatively long, narrow passageway, it becomes important to control the rate offl'ow, the turbulence of flow, and the distribution of gases entering said chamber. A furtherobject of our invention is to provide a gas burner of the type herein described wherein the flow of gas'is evenly distributed throughout the interior of the passage chamber. wherein the rate of flow is substantially constant throughout its entire length of travel, and wherein the rate of flow is sufficiently low and free from turbulence to result in a" stable'flame.

Other and further objects and advantages of our invention. will become apparent from the drawings and the specifications relative thereto.

In the drawings:

Figure. 1: represents a plan view of a gas burner embodying'our invention.

Figure.2 is a side elevation of the burner shown in Figure 1 having a portion thereof broken away.

Figure 3" is a bottom plan view of the burner shown in Figure 1 having a portion thereof broken away.

Figure 4 is an end view of the burner shown in v Figure 1 taken from the right-hand side of Figure. 1.

Figure 5' is a sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Figure. l. -The embodiment of our invention illustrated herein comprises. essentially an inlet venturi, designated generally ID, a substantially rectangular an expanding passage 23; Asusual the. raw gas.

is discharged inwardly through the opening 20 through which a gas jet is inserted (not shown here). Primary air is aspirated into the chamber 2| and mixed with the raw gas. The chamber 2| is enclosed on the bottom by means of a plate 2 (shown in phantom) pivoted about a pivot point 25. It will readily be apparent to those skilled in the art that the rotational position of the plate 24 will determine the amount of primary air aspirated into and mixed with the raw gas. The passage 23 is in communication with the distribution chamber It at its lowermost point, designated 28.

Gas directing baflies 30 and 3! are formed as an integral part of the interior of the walls 13 and I2, respectively, and extend inwardly approximately one-third of the distance between the walls [3 and i2 and are positioned immediately super-adjacent the inlet from passage 23. The bafiles 30 and 3! act to prevent too rapid a rise of the gas in the central portion of the burner which would result in an overloading of the ports in the center of the burner and starvation of the ports at the outer extremes. The flow of gas is both retarded and spread outwardly by these baffles 30 and 3|.

Vertically disposed ribs 32 and 33 extend between the base M and the baffles 39 and 3! at a position disposed outwardly from the center line of the burner with respect to the Venturi entrance. The purpose of the vertical ribs 32 and 33 is as follows: As the stream of air and gas mixture enters through the venturi H] and changes directions in entering the chamber through passageway 23, the gas still has a slight momentum towards the far end of the burner. The ribs 32 and 33 exert a retarding influence on the flow of gas thereby effecting a more equal distribution. Suchan arrangement permits the use of a venturi which is disposed parallel with the distribution chamber and in relatively close proximity thereto.

The transversely arcuate, port outlet plate 11 is formed with a plurality of transversely disposed undercut sections or grooves 40 having chordal bottoms and disposed in staggered relation on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of said plate l7, thereby defining a plurality of raised arcuate sections or ridges il which are also in staggered relation on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of said plate IT. A plurality of ports 42 are drilled at spaced intervals along a longitudinal center line. It is to be noted that the position of the ports on the 1ongitudinal center line are such that no port is in alignment with the center line of the raised sections 4 I. ridges 4| avoids a snuffing action which would otherwise follow from symmetrical placement of the ridges. Burning of the gas at any one ridge 4! produces a fan-like area of combustion in which the flowing gases in the outer edges of the fan tend to turn back down in Whirlpool fashion and return to the level at which they were first burned. If the ridges 4! on opposite sides of the burner were to be placed in line, it is readily seen that burning at one of the ridges would interfere with combustion at the other ridge, and vice versa. Thus the staggering or ofisetting cf opposite ridges minimizes this cross interference due to the doubling back of the combustion products. Each of the sections H is drilled with a plurality of ports 53. The ports 43 are drilled radially from a common center point. Such center point is the center of curvature of the transverse radius of the plate [1.

The staggering or offsetting of opposite The principal purpose of drilling the ports 42 and 43 so that they emanate from a common center point should be readily apparent in that such an arrangement results in a wider spacing of the ports at the outer or discharge end and also results in a fanning-out of the flame envelopes.

Thus it will be seen that we have provided a burner with a plurality of ports, each of which is freely exposed on at least two sides to second- "ary air and which are arranged at a maximum spacing to permit travel of secondary air between the flame envelopes thereby resulting in a more efficient combustion of fuel. The undercut sections 40 permit secondary air to enter from the sides of the burner, thereby completely supplying secondary air to every individual port.

It will be noted in Figure 5 that the chord of the arcuate section I! is less than the outside width of the burner thereby defining a ledge or shoulder 59. The shoulder 50 acts to interrupt the upward flow of air along the side walls I2 and I3, thereby effectively preventing lifting of the flame caused by an upsurge of secondary air.

It will be noted in Figure 2 that lugs or legs 5! and 52 depend from the side wall I3 of the burner and that mounting brackets 53 and 54 extend outwardly from the ends [5 and I5. Such elements constitute no part of the invention herein, but as will be understood by those skilled in the art, are provided as a convenient means for mounting the burner in the proper or desired position.

As an example of a modification which we feel comes within the scope of our invention, the venturi It can be disposed at right angles to the distribution chamber [6 rather than parallel as shown. In the event that the venturi I6 is disposed at right angles, the vertical ribs 32 and 33 will not be necessary as it is understood that the vertical ribs 32 and 33 are adapted to restrict the flow of gas from the venturi into the lefthand end (Figure 3) of the mixing chamber Hi. It will readily be understood that in the embodiment shown in Figure 3 the gases, upon entering the distribution chamber, will still possess a slight momentum towards the left-hand side (Figure 3) of the distribution chamber, which would thereby result in starvation of the ports at the other end. One of the important features of our invention lies in the use of baiiles to utilize the distribution of gases throughout the distribution chamber.

As another example of What we would consider equivalent of our invention, would be a construction whereby undercut sections 40 instead of being undercut could be a part of the original casting pattern and which could also result in a raised bead extendinglongitudinally in the center of the arcuate section l1. It will readily be understood that the important feature we wish to stress is the fact that the radially drilled ports 23 are so situated that every port is raised above the burner and is freely open to secondary air on at least two sides.

While we have herein shown and described. our invention in what we have conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is recognized that departures may be made therefrom within the scope of our invention, which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein, but it is to be accorded the full scope of the claims.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A gas burner head having a substantially greater length than width and defining a rectangle in plan, comprising a bottom, sidewalls and a top defining a distribution chamberdeextent of such staggering being at least equal to the span of an aperture, said top also being formed with a transverse groove having a chordal bottom between each of said transverse lines of discharge ports, thereby permitting the free access of secondaryair to each side of each of said burner ports.

2. A gas'burner head having a substantially greater length than width, comprising a bottom, side walls and a top defining a distribution chamber decreasing in cross-section outwardly toward the ends thereof, said top being transversely arched and arcuate in section and being symmetrical in its plan view having an apex of said arcuate section defining a longitudinal center- -'line substantially midway between the sides thereof, said top being formed with a plurality of apertures in spaced relation along said longitudinal centerline defining gas discharge ports and a plurality of apertures in spaced relation along a plurality of transverse lines extending from said centerline outwardly, adjacent transverse lines being in staggered relation on opposite sides of saidcenterline, the extent of such staggering being at least equal to the span of an aperture,

said top also being formed with a transverse groove having a chordal bottom between each of said transverse lines of discharge ports, thereby permitting the free access of secondary air to each side of each of said burner ports.

3. A gas burner head having a substantially greater length than width, comprising a bottom, side walls and a top defining a distribution chamber decreasing in cross-section outwardly toward the ends thereof, said top being transversely arched and arcuate in section and symmetrical in its plan View having an apex of said arcuate section defining a longitudinal centerline substantially midway between the sides thereof, said top also being relatively narrower than the body of said burner head, thereby defining a peripheral shoulder between said body and said arcuate top, said top being formed with a plurality of apertures in spaced relation along said longitudinal centerline defining gas dissubstantially radial ports in said top spaced along charge ports and a plurality of apertures in,

spaced relation along a plurality of transverse lines extending from said centerline outwardly, adjacent transverse lines being in staggered relaon opposite sides of said centerline, the extent of such staggering being at least equal to the span of an aperture, said top also being formed with a transverse groove having .a chordal bot torn between each of said transverse lines of discharge ports,.thereby permitting the free access 01 secondary air to each side of each of said burner ports, and baffie means disposed in said distribution chamber adapted to cause an even distribution of combustible gases entering therein.

i. A gas burner comprising an elongate housing having'a transversely arched and arcuate top,

a pairof generally horizontal ledges bordering said top, generally vertical sides, a plurality of a central longitudinal line and along transverse lines on each" side of said central line, adjacent transverse lines being staggered on opposite sides of said central line, the extent of such staggering being at least equal to the span of an aperture, and a plurality of grooves havingchordal bottoms disposed between said transverse lines so as to situate said transverse lines on ridges raised from the top proper.

5. A gas burner comprising an elongate housing having a transversely arched and arcuate top. generally vertical sides, a plurality of substantially radial ports in said top spaced along a central longitudinal line and along transverse lines on each side of said central line, adjacent transverse lines being staggered on opposite sides of said central line, the extent of such staggering being at least equal to thespan of an aperture, and a plurality of grooves having chordal bottoms disposed between said transverse lines soas to situate said transverse lines on ridges raised from the top proper.

ALBERT J. LAMPERT. ELDON A. MERRITT.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Germany 1 Apr. 16, 1925

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