US2117275A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

May 17, 1938. c DAlLEY 2,117,275

GAS BURNER Filed June 20, 195

)6 INVENTOR.

Halli)? 6'. E d/6y BYM ATTORNEYS.

Patented May 17, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GAS BURNER poration of Michigan Application June 20, 1934, Serial No. 731,405

Claims.

The present invention relates to a gas burner and more particularly to a burner for use in gas ranges and the like, a burner embodying my invention being particularly adapted to increase the efliciency of such a burner by decreasing the amount of gas consumed while at the same time assuring a combustion of the gas having superior characteristics over the combustion of gas by burners heretofore in use.

Prior to the present invention the burning of gas in burners for gas ranges and the like, has been accomplished by the use of a primary air supply which mingled with the gas passing through the jets in the burner and a secondary air supply which surrounded the individual jets in the burner and supported the combustion of the gas and the intermingled primary air. Prior to my invention practically no secondary air was admitted to the gas jets adjacent the central portion of the gas burner except where the center ports of the jets were drilled at an angle which tended to draw the secondary air upward through openings provided in the central portion of the burner. The drilling of the central ports at such an angle resulted in the production of a hot spot in the center of the burner, which caused a creation of excessive heat in the central portion of a cooking utensil placed directly above the burner.

Normal air pressure being approximately fifteen pounds per square inch, the velocity of the secondary air heretofore supplied to a burner is substantially equal to the velocity of the primary air supplied to the burner and is much higher than is required merely to support the combustion of the gas and intermingled primary air at the jet. The use of secondary air at substantially normal atmospheric pressure tends to cause a scattering of the heat generated by the 40 combustion of the gas before its heat value has been absorbed or expended on the object to be heated. Likewise, the use of the secondary air as heretofore proposed results in a cooling of the tips of the jets of the burner and the liberation of excessive amounts of carbon monoxide gas.

It is an object of the present invention to secure a substantial uniform distribution of the secondary air around all of the gas jets of the burner and to provide a sufficient amount of secondary air adjacent each jet of the burner to insure a complete combustion of the intermixed gas and primary air passing therethrough.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a heat responsive induction tube adjacent the central portion of the burner to thereby secure a substantially unifrom distribution of secondary air in variable amounts as required to supply the secondary air to the jets adjacent thereto without creating a central hot spot as a result thereof.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a gas burner in which the primary air utilized therein is introduced under substantially atmospheric pressure but in which all of the secondary air is baflled in such a manner as to be admitted to the burner only in regulated amounts and at predetermined pressures.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a gas burner in which the flow of secondary air is definitely controlled in such a manner as to assist in the uniform dissemination of the heat generated by the combustion of the gas to 'the object to be heated.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a gas burner in which the area of the burner is such as togive a superior distribution of the jets which may be drilled on substantially vertical lines and of such sizes as to permit the use of a greater amount of primary air than in gas burners heretofore known. The result is that an object to be heated can be safely placed at a lesser distance from the top of the burner than can be done in many burners of conventional design.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a gas burner in which the relatively greater efficiency of the burner over burners of conventional design is retained when the burner is turned. to a low or simmering flame and which burns at such times with blue sharp flame characteristics.

Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is a top plan view with parts broken away of a gas burner embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 22 of Fig. 1 in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 in the direction of the arrows.

Before explaining in detail the present invention it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawing, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, and it is not intended to limit the invention claimed herein beyond the requirements of the prior art.

Referring to Fig. l, a gas burner embodying my invention is formed preferably of a cast iron body II! to which a conduit for admixed gas and primary air is connected. This conduit may be such as the pipe II which is screw-threaded thereto. An interior chamber #2 (Fig. 2), is provided and is adapted to provide a reservoir of admixed gas and primary air from which the gas and primary air are withdrawn through a plurality of jets I3. The circular portion of the body If! is formed with a well I4 in which an air induction tube I5 is placed. The induction tube I5 has a substantially cylindrical body portion I6, opened at its lower end. A top plate I'I having an annular frusto-conical surface I8 on the underside thereof, cut on an angle of approximately 15, is secured to and encloses the top end of the induction tube I5. The walls of the body portion I6 and of the tube I6, forming said well H! are made converging downwardly, their juncture forming the bot tom of the well I4 in which there are provided two small openings 25 and 28, as shown in Fig. 3.

A plurality of ports IS extend through the side walls of the cylindrical body portion It adjacent the underside of the top plate II. The ports I9 are preferably so arranged that their lower edges are situated slightly higher than the top surface of the face portion of the burner, and above the tips of the jets I3, such as shown in Fig. 2. A plurality of lugs 29 are secured to the body In of the burner and serve as supports for a baffle ring 2 I. The baffle ring 2i may, if desired, be provided with a plurality of notches 22 which may be of varying depths to permit adjustment of the ring relative to the burner to meet the varying conditions under which the burner is to be operated. As shown, the ring 2| extends completely around the outer circumference of the burner and is flanged inwardly at its top portion.

The jets I3 communicate with the interior chamber I2 in the burner and are drilled as at 23 on substantially vertical lines to provide passages through which the gas and admixed air may pass from the chamber I2. By the construction herein shown it is possible to drill the ports as at 23 with a. drill of larger diameter than is possible with burners of a conventional design. This gives a less tendency of the burner to flash back with full primary air supply than in the conventional design in which the ports are of a smaller diameter than the ports 23 which I can use in connection with the improved burner of new design. The use of the larger holes also permits the developing of more heat units per port upon the combustion of the gas than with burners of conventional design. In casting the burner I provide a plurality of chaplet bosses 36 and 3| to support the burner head core while pouring the molten metal. These have no function, however, so far as the operation of the burner is concerned.

The increased efficiency of a burner embodying my invention over burners of conventional design is noted throughout the entire range of burning, that is, at high flame or at low flame the same characteristics are observed. In each instance the flames at the jets are a blue color and have sharp outline characteristics. In testing a burner embodying the present invention against a burner of conventional design, I have found that a burner of conventional design having about forty percent efiiciency will burn between twenty-six and twenty-nine cubic feet of gas per hour, depending upon the flame employed. With a burner of equivalent size but of the present construction, the efiiciency of the burner is increased from between eight to ten percent with a decrease in consumption of gas to approximately twenty cubic feet of gas per hour. The time factor is also reduced in connection with the burner embodying my invention from a burner of equivalent size of conventional design.

The operation of a burner embodying my invention is as follows: The supply of gas and intermixed primary air passes through the pipe II or other suitable conduits, such as a cast throat (not shown), to the interior chamber I2 within the body II] of the burner. The intermixed air and gas passes through the ports 23 in the jets I3 and is ignited adjacent thereto. The supply of secondary air for the outer row of the jets I3 passes through the opening between the body ID of the burner and the lower edge of the bafiie ring 2!. If desired, the size of the opening between the body it! of the burner and the baffie ring 2| may be regulated by the use of different depth slots 22 in the edge of the ring ZI.

The supply of secondary air to the central portion of the burner is effected through the induction tube I5. When the burner is first started, the air normally flows slowly through the interior of the cylindrical body member I6 and is discharged through the ports I9. Due to the angularity of the surface I8, this air is deflected outwardly and downwardly toward the row of jets I3 adjacent thereto. After the gas has been ignited, the heat of combustion heats the induction member I5 and causes the secondary air to be induced therethrough by thermo-convection at such velocities and in such quantities as may be required to supply sufiicient secondary air to support the combustion of the gas and primary air at the central ports. I have found that the action of the induction tube and the baflie top in supplying air to the burner is controlled by the heat of the flame at the jet. This feature permits an essentially self-regulating flow of air to the jet because as the induction tube becomes more heated the velocity of the air passing therethrough is increased. Consequently the induction tube and baffle act essentially as an air valve, responsive to the heat of the jet for controlling the flow of air through the central part of the burner to the jet. The provision of the induction tube prevents the starving of the central ports for secondary air, which now occurs in all burners of conventional design. It is clear from a consideration of the drawing taken together with the above description that the flow of both the primary and the secondary air is induced by the flow of gas discharged under a certain pressure. In the present embodiment of the invention the flow of the secondary air is also assisted by the heating of the tube I5, inducing a certain amount of draft therethrough, this action of the tube I5 being proportional in effect to the temperature of the tube, and the rate at which the burner is operated. It is equally clear that the heating of the tube induces the draft not only on the inside of the tube walls but also on the outside thereof, in the well I4. However, while the tube I5 is opened at the bottom, the well l4 issubstantially closed at its bottom, the small openings and 26 being of insufficient area. of discharge to supply enough air to destroy the slight decrease of pressure created therein. It should be noted that the draft along the outsideof the walls of the tube body portion l6 is greatly increased by the sucking ,action of the air discharged froin the'ports H), which action is similar in eifect to'the sucking action of the gas upon the primary and secondary air. Thus, draft is developed along the outside of thewal1 l6 toward the region of the highest temperature. It can. be appreciated that this region lies at the locality where secondary air meets the gas streams, and that the products of combustion flowing in proximity to the plate I! are cooled down by the excess of only partially heated air, while the product of combustion in the space intermediate the plate I! and the baille ring 2! are only partially burned and contain mostly carbon monoxide gas. The partially burned products of combustion fill the spaces between the streams of gas above the face portion of the body l0, and because of the turbulentcondition of the gases, the static pressure in said space is higher than in the adjacent portions of the burner combustion space. In burners of conventional designs said partially burned products of combustion are allowed to escape, thus contributing to the inefficiency of a burner. In my novel burner, the draft in the well I 4 along the wall l6 induces the flow of said partially burned products of combustion inwardly toward said Well and downwardly along the outside walls thereof toward the bottom of the well M. The draft in the well i l causesa flow of fresh air through the openings 25 and 26 and this air is admitted only in such quantities as tosupply enough oxygen to insure complete combustion of the carbon monoxide gas drawn into the well, The air admitted through the openings "25 and 26 constitutes, therefore, the additional secondary air or tertiary air. Upon receiving the admixture of fresh air at the lower part of the well I4, the partially burned products of combustion are drawn up along the walls of the tube bodyportion l6 and by the action of the secondaryair are directed into the region of highest temperature where they are completely burned, thus contributing to the increaseof efficiency of my novel burner. i

The use of the induction tube l5 as herein shown and described eliminates the hot spot in the central portion ofthe burner and also reduces to a minimum the presence of so-called cold spots such as occurs in burners of conventional design. The baffle ring 2! and the induction tube I5 will thus be seen to cooperate to produce a combustion of the gas by my improved type of burner in which the heat resulting therefrom is distributed substantially uniformly to the object to be heated. I have found that I can use a burner of my improved design safely where the object to be heated is placed as close as one and one-eighth inches to the top of the burner.

Thus in one of its broader aspects my invention contemplates providing a novel gas burner having means whereby the partially burned products of combustion are drawn from the portions of the gas flame most remote from the secondary air and upon receiving an admixture of tertiary air are directed into the region of highest temperature, where they are completely burned.

I claim:

1. A gas burner including a body portion having a gas chamber formed therein, a face portion, a plurality of jets extending through said face portion and communicating with said gas chamber, a conduit leading 'to said chamber and com municating with 'a source of gas supply to supply gas admixed with primary air to said chamber, a well, an air induction tube disposed in said well and spaced from the sides thereof, said induction tube being open at its lower end to induce secondary air to pass therethrough by thermo-convectien'and having a bafiie member adjacent the top thereof to deflect the secondary air passing therethrough outwardly in the direction of adjacent concentrically disposed jets, said well being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional air therein.

2. A gas burner including a body portion having a gas chamber formed therein, a face portion, a plurality of jetsa'rranged on concentric lines and extending through said face portion and communicating with said gas chamber, a conduit leading to said chamber and communicating with a source of gas supply to supply gas admixed with primary air to said chamber, a well closed at its lower end, a "centrally disposed air induction tube disposed in said well, spaced from the sides thereof and having an open end communicating with the air at the bottom of the burner, thereby to induce secondary air to pass therethrough, and a baffle member adjacent the top of said air induction tube todeflect the secondary airpassing therethrough outwardly in the direction of adjacent concentrically disposed jets, said well being provided at its closed endwith a plurality of openings for admission of additional air therein.

3. A gas burnercomprising a body portion having a central chamber therein to which gas and. admixed primary air are supplied, a face portion, a plurality of jets thereon and extending therethrough to communicate with said central chamher, a well centrally disposed in said body portion, and secondary air control members comprising a baiile ring extending about the periphery of the burner, and an air induction tube disposed centrally of said well and spaced from the sides thereof and comprising a Substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above 'the face portion thereof, a baffie member secured to said opposite end, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said bafile member to supply predetermined quantities of secondary air to the jets disposed adjacent thereto, said well being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional air therein.

4. A gas burner comprising a bodyportion having a central chamber therein to which gas and admixed primary air are supplied, a face portion, a plurality of jets thereon and extending there through to communicate with said central chamber, a well centrally disposed in said body'portion and secondary air control members comprising a b aille ring extending about the periphery of the burner, and an air induction tube disposed centrally of said well and spaced from the sides thereof, said induction tube comprising a 'substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, a bafile membersecured thereto, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said baiiie member, said well being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

5. A gas burner comprising a body portion having a gas chamber formed therein, a face portion,

a plurality of jets extending through said face portion on substantially vertical lines and communicating with said gas chamber, a conduit leading to said chamber and communicating with a source of gas supply and operable to supply gas admixed with primary air to said chamber, and a centrally disposed well closed at the bottom and having an air induction tube to supply secondary air to the jets adjacent thereto at velocities varying with the air requirements of the burner and comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, a bafiie member secured to said opposite end, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said baffle member, said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

6. A gas burner comprising a body portion having a central chamber therein to which gasand admixed primary air are supplied, a face portion, a central well, a plurality of jets extending through said face portion on substantially vertical lines communicating with said central chamber, secondary air control members comprising a bafile ring extending about the periphery of the burner, an air induction tube disposed centrally of said well, said induction tube comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, a bafile member secured to said opposite end, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said bafiie member, said baffle member extending outwardly from said tube toa point adjacent said jets whereby heat from the com bustion of gas heats said bafiie member and said tube thereby to increase the velocity of the air passing therethrough, said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

7. A gas burner comprising a body portion having a central chamber therein to which gas and admixed primary air are supplied, a face portion, a plurality of jets thereon and extending therethrough to communicate with said central chamber, a centrally disposed well, secondary air control members comprising a baffle ring extending about the periphery of the burner, and an air induction tube disposed in said well, said induction tube comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion spaced from the sides of said well and having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, a bafiie member secured thereto, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said baffle member, said baflie member extending outwardly therefrom and having an inclined face extending at an angle of approximately 15 at all points of contact with the air passing through the said ports and cooperating with said ports to deflect the air passing therethrough in an outward direction therefrom; said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

8. A gas burner having a body portion, a face portion, a well centrally disposed therein and extending downwardly from the said face portion and through the said body portion and closed at its lower end, a plurality of jets arranged on lines concentric with said well, a secondary air inductor and baffle disposed above said well and spaced from the sides thereof, said air inductor being adapted to elfeot the flow of air upwardly therethrough and to deflect the air outwardly thereof to a point adjacent the centrally disposed jets in such quantities and at such velocities as may be required to support the combustion of the gas at said jets and comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof at points adjacent said baffle member, said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

9. A gas burner having a body portion, a face portion, a well centrally disposed therein and extending downwardly from the said face portion and through the said body portion, a plurality of jets arranged on lines concentric with said Well, a secondary air inductor and baffle disposed above said well and adapted to effect the flow of air upwardly therethrough and to deflect the air outwardly therefrom to a point adjacent the centrally disposed jets in such quantities and at such velocities as. may be required to support the combustion of the gas passing through said jets and comprising a substantially cylindrical body portion having an open end adjacent the bottom of the burner and its opposite end terminating above the face portion thereof, a bafile member secured to said oppposite end, and a plurality of ports extending through the sides thereof and adjacent said baffle member, and a circumferential baffle member disposed adjacent the outer periphery of the burner and adapted to control the velocity and direction of the secondary air supplied to the jets adjacent thereto, said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and being provided with a plurality of openings for admission of additional secondary air therein.

10. In a gas burner, a body portion; a draft inducing tube disposed centrally of said body portion and adapted to discharge streams of secondary air outwardly toward the gas jets and above the tips thereof; a well provided around said draft inducing tube and formed by the walls of said tube and by the walls of said body portion, said well being arranged to have the streams of secondary air passing near its top portion, thereby inducing partial vacuum therein, and provided at its bottom with a number of tertiary air orifices.

ROLLIN C. DAILEY.

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