US2316227A

US2316227A - Oil burning apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2316227A
Application number: US327679A
Authority: US
Inventors: Harold B Donley
Original assignee: Columbus Metal Products Inc
Current assignee: Columbus Metal Products Inc
Priority date: 1940-04-03
Filing date: 1940-04-03
Publication date: 1943-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 1960-04-13

Description

April 13, 194-3. DONLEY 2,316,227

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed April 5, 1940 Patented Apr. 13, 1943 OIL BURNING APPARATUS )4 Harold B. Donlcy, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to Columbus Metal Products,

Inc., Columbus,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio 5 Claims.

This invention relates to oil burners and, more particularly, to hydrocarbon burners wherein a liquid fuel is admitted into the bottom of a vessel having an open top and perforated air-admitting side walls, wherein the liquid oil introduced into the bottom of the vessel is, under the influence of heat, vaporized or gasified and admixed with limited quantities of air to produce a hydroxylated fuel mixture and to which mixture additional quantities of air are added to effect flame combustion.

Oil burners of this type are frequently used in heating systems requiring two stages of combustion: the first stage is a low-fire or pilot stage and the second stage is known as the high-fire or normal combustion stage. These stages are controlled by varying the amount of volumetric inflow of liquid oil into the bottom of a vaporizing vessel. Thus, when a demand for heat is created, a fuel flow regulating valve, disposed in an oil line leading to the burner, is opened to provide maximum oil flow and," after the heat demand has been satisfied, the regulating valve is closed, or partially closed, so that but a restricted flow of oil will be continuously delivered to the vaporizing vessel of the burner. Considerable difficulty has been encountered, in the operation of burners of this character, in the matter of providing efiicient and well sustained low-fire combustion. A

burner vessel may operate effectively on highflre combustion but very unsatisfactory under low-fire or pilot conditions;

I Accordingly, it is one of the primary objects of communicating relatively adjacent to the single bottom wall of the vessel and to which bottom oil is delivered in quantities sufficient to ineet definite combustion needs, the smaller of the vaporizing chambers having its. side walls formed with openings providing for the entrance of air in amounts adequate to maintain efficient pilot or low-fire conditions and, similarly, the walls of the larger chamber are likewise formed with air-admitting openings so placed in an adequate number to produce efficient maximum combustion requirements, both chambers having a com- A'pplication April 3, 1940, Serial No; 327,679

, thereof.

mon bottom to which oil is delivered by an associated fuel supply controlling means. i

For a further understanding of the invention, reference is to be had to the following description and the accompanying drawing, in which similar characters of reference denotelike and corresponding parts throughout the several views In said drawing:

Fig. l is a top plan'view of an oil burner con- Fig.3 is a sectional view through on oil flow regulating valve.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, my improved oil burner comprises a vaporizing vessel having a concave bottom wall 5 and an upstanding vertical wall 6, the latter being formed at one side with a nipple I, in which is threaded one end of an oil supply pipe 8. Connected with and arising from the wall 6 is a cylindrical shell 9, the latter having spaced rows of air-admittin openings l0 formed therein. The interior of the shell 9 is in open communication with the bot tom of the vessel and forms a hydroxylating or high-fire fuel carbureting chamber H. Alsdcan ried by the bottom-forming member of the vessel is a second cylindrical shell it, which is arranged adjacent to and in parallel order with the shell 9, the shell 12, however, being considerably smaller in diameter than the shell 9. The shell I2 is in open communication with the bottom of the vessel and is provided with a plurality of rows of air admitting openings I3, suflicient in numher and arrangement to cause the shell 12 to constitute a low-fire or pilot combustion chamber M. The bottom of the shell l2 depends at one side to provide a curved baille l2a, the latter terminating above the level of the liquid fuel pool normally maintained on the bottom wall 5.

Surrounding this multi-chambered vaporizing vessel is an outer casing IF, the side and bottom walls of the casing I 5 being spaced from the complemental walls of the vaporizing vessel to per,- mit of a free flow of air therebetween, the chamber I5 having connected therewith an air-supplying duct l6, through which air may be advanced either under natural draft or forced flows The top wall ll of the casing I5 is joined with the upper annular edges of theconditions.

shells 9 and I2, the top walls I 1 also receiving throat rings 18 and We which project over the open tops of the combustion chambers H and M, respectively.

In the operation of the burner, when it is desired to create and maintain a maximum or peak combustion stage, known as the high-fire stage, the required amount of liquid oil flows from the supply pipe 8 and spreads in the form of a she]- low pool or film over the concave bottom wall of the vaporizing vessel. Due to heat developed by the operation of the burner, this liquid oil is vaporized or gasified, passing upwardly into the mixing chamber ll. Air is drawn or forced into the chamber II through the openings 10 in sufficient volumes to combine or unite with the oil vapors or gases to produce a rich hydroxylated mixture which does not contain sufiicient oxygen to produce flame combustion until additional quantities of oxygen are combined therewith. Such additional supplies of oxygen may be secured from the atmosphere around the top of the combustion chamber II or, in part, supplied by the upper rows of the openings 50, as is common in 'so-called hydroxylating burners of this type. After the heat demand has been supplied, automatic devices operate to reduce the quantity of oil delivered to the vaporizing vessel in order to establish low-stage or pilot combustion. Such restricted flow of oil results in the flow of the liquid oil over the bottom wall 5 immediately beneath the open end of the chamber M and not in such quantities as to spread out over the full area of the bottom wall 5.

Under such restricted flow of oil, the vapors produced therefrom arise from the bottom wall 5 and pass upwardly into the chamber M, where the vapors are first admixed with air drawn or forced into the chamber 14 by the lower row or rows of the openings l3, forming a carburetted mixture, which is subsequently burned within the confines of the chamber l4 by secondary supplies of air admitted through the upper rows of the openings l3. Thus, in the design of the vaporizing vessel, a separate vaporizing chamber is produced for both high and low stages of combustion, the shape of the chambers and the number of air admitting openings provided therein being proportioned or dimensioned to provide the best operating conditions for each stage. Many advantages accrue from the use of this construction, among which may be mentioned the establishment of steady, reliable low stage or pilot combustion, which is exactly the same as that obtained in the high stage combustion conditions in efiecting the efiicient burning of oil and minimizing carbon or smoke formation.

Any suitable apparatus may be used in association with the oil supply line 8 for providing the high and low rates of oil flow to the vaporizing vessel. Such apparatus has been diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein the pipe line 8 has positioned therein a valve l9. The casing of this valve includes an internal divisional wall having a restricted port 2|, the eilective area of which may be adjusted by a set screw 22. Under low fire conditions, oil flowing by the action of gravity or positive pressure is advanced in a reestricted stream through the port 2| and thence delivered to the bottom wall 5 of the vaporizing vessel. To permit of maximum oil flow, the wall 20 is formed with a tapered opening 23, adapted "to receive the correspondingly tapered end of a valve stem 24. Normally, the stem is maintained in a seated position within the opening 23 by the stem of a coil spring 25. Surrounding the upper end of the stem 24, is an electrically energized coil 26, which forms a part of a circuit 21 g in which a thermostat 28 may be disposed. When the circuit 21 is closed by the action of the thermostat, the coil 26 is energized to efiect the elevation of the stem 24 against the resistance of the spring 25, thus uncovering the opening 23 and providing for a maximum of oil flow to the vaporizing vessel.

While a preferred embodiment of the improved oil burner has been set forth, nevertheless, it will be understood that the same is subject to considerable variation or modification without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An oil burner comprising a pan-like vessel, a plurality of unequal diameter cylindrical shells arising from said vessel in spaced relation, said shells being provided with vertically and circumferentially spaced air admitting openings around the entire periphery, means for supplying regulatable quantities of fuel to said vessel in registration with the smaller diameter shell, and a casing surrounding said shells and spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber extending completely around each shell, communication between the interior of said shells and said chamber being established by the openings in the side walls of said shells.

2. An oil burner comprisinga pan-like vessel, a plurality of unequal diameter cylindrical shells arising from said vessel in spaced relation, said shells being provided with vertically and circumferentially spaced air admitting openings around the entire periphery, a portion of the side wall of the smaller shell nearest the larger extending downward into said vessel and terminating in slightly spaced relation from the bottom thereof, means for supplying regulatable quantities of fuel to said vessel in registration with the smaller diameter shell, and a casing surrounding said shells and spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber extending completely around each shell, communication between the interior of said shells and said chamber being established by the openings in the side walls of said shells.

3. .An oilburner comprising a pan-like vessel, a plurality of unequal diameter cylindrical shells arising from said vessel in spaced relation, said shells being provided with vertically and circumferentially spaced air admitting openings around the entire periphery, means for supplying regulatable quantities of fuel to said vessel in registration .with the smaller diameter shell, and a casing surrounding said shells and spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber extending completely around each shell, communication between the interior of said shells and said chamber being es tablished by the openings in the side walls of said shells, said casing having a top wall provided with openings corresponding in size and register- I ing with the upper ends of said shells, and throat rings positioned in the openingsin said top wall.

4. An oil burner comprising a pan-like vessel of oval contour when viewed in plan, said oval having one large end, a cylindrical shell extending upward from each end of said vessel, said shells being independent of one another and having spaced air admitting openings in the side walls, fuel conducting means communicating with the smaller end of said vessel, and a casing surrounding said vessel and shells and being spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber. air from said chamber being admitted into said shells through said openings.

5. In an oil burner, a vessel, means for supplying regulatable quantities of fuel to said vessel, a plurality of hollow shells arising from said vessel in spaced independent relationship, one of said shells being disposed adjacent to the fuel inlet, bailie means extending across said vessel between the shell adjacent to the oil inlet and an adjacent shell, air admitting openings formed in the side walls of said shells, and easing means surrounding said shells and spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber, communication between said chember and the interior of said shells being established through the openings in the walls of said shells.

- HAROLD B. DONLEY.