US2640159A - Machine for convergent irradiation - Google Patents

Machine for convergent irradiation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2640159A
US2640159A US118849A US11884949A US2640159A US 2640159 A US2640159 A US 2640159A US 118849 A US118849 A US 118849A US 11884949 A US11884949 A US 11884949A US 2640159 A US2640159 A US 2640159A
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Prior art keywords
source
guide
rays
irradiation
ring
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Expired - Lifetime
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US118849A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerneth Josef
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Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
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Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/10—Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/01—Devices for producing movement of radiation source during therapy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18544—Rotary to gyratory

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a machine for convergent irradiation, and relates more particular- 1y to a therapeutic device for treating inner organs of" a human body by various types of irradiation, such as X-rays, electrons, neutrons, electro -magnetic radiation or ultra sound waves.
  • convergent irradiation is' used throughout the-specification and claims for the purpose of describing a therapeutic ray treatment, inthe course of which the location of the source of the rays is shifted during irradiation in such manner that the rays directed to a specific organ pass consecutively through different locations upon the skin surface of the human body so as to protect the skinfrom detrimental effects.
  • An object of the'present invention is the provision of a therapeutic device which is so constructed that the therapeutic'rays are distributed over the largest possible skin surface of the human body at a constant distance of the source from the organ to be treated;
  • a further object is the provision of a therapeutic device which is so constructed that all parts of the body surface through which radiation is passed will be uniformly affected.
  • a further object is the provision of a therapeutic machine of the described type which is so constructed that one treatment with the machine moving in a determined direction can be followed immediately by a second treatment with the machine moving in an opposite direction.
  • Yet another object is the provision of a therapeutic machine of the described type, wherein irradiation at a time the source is immovable, is effectively avoided.
  • Still another object is the provision of a movable electrical radiation source which is so constructedv that the twisting of the cable is effectively avoided.
  • Still afurther object is the provision of a therapeutic device of the described type which is comparativelysmall in size, inexpensive to manufacture and most effective in operation.
  • the objects of the present invention may be realized through the provision of a device wherein the X-ray tube, or other source of irradiation, is moved automatically during the irradiation period upon a spherical surface, the center of the. spherecoinciding with the location of the diseased part or organ to be treated, the rays being radially directed and describing a spiral upon the spherical surface. A uniform distance of the 2 source-of irradiation from the'organ tobe treated and a distribution" of the rays upon a large body surface aretherebyattained.
  • a uniform specific irradiation of all parts ofthis body surface can beachieved by increasing the speed of movement of thes'ourc'e with the diminishing radius of the spiral: In general it, isadvisable to select the speed ofimovement of the-source in such manner that the treatment is completed While the rays move once over the entire spiral path.
  • driving means a reversible electric motor so that a second irradiation having an" opposed direction can immediately follow the first onez
  • means shouldbe provided to continue irradiation of the patient and to interrupt it as airesult ofthe movement of the source, thereby-avoiding the danger-that irradiation may continue while the source is standing still;
  • the switchingon and off ofthe driving motor and the reversalof itsmovement can-also be caused bythe movement of the source, although care mustbe'takenthat the source is switched off prior tot-he switching of the motor.
  • the apparatus may be made quite 'smalL-even when the source of the irradiatione-is an; -X-,-ray tube which extends in a direction perpendicular totthe-direction of the aforesaid center ray.
  • the centen-of the circle-must coincide with'the locationof the diseased part of the body.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the device shown in Figure l, partly in section;
  • Figure 3 shows the entire device on a smaller scale and in longitudinal section along the lines 33 of Figure 4;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the device on a smaller scale.
  • the machine shown in the drawings includes a casing 32 which contains an X-ray tube 9.
  • the path of movement of the X-ray tube is provided by two curved rails I, the center of the curvature of which is designated by the numeral II.
  • the two rails I are located in parallel planes, and their legs are directed toward each other.
  • the rails I are provided with flanges 2 carrying bolts 2a and mounted upon a ring 3.
  • the ring 3 is U-shaped in cross-section, and carries four rollers 4 which are rotatably mounted upon pivots 4a carried by the ring 3.
  • rollers 4 are supported within a guide 5 of annular form. which is rotatable about an axis In, as will appear in detail hereinafter. For the sake of clarity parts of the member 5 are shown as being broken off in Figure 2.
  • a so-called compression tube 30 is connected to the bottom surface of the guide 5.
  • the guide 5 is firmly connected with the casing 32 which is firmly connected with a projecting arm 6.
  • the arm 6 may be attached to a bracket not shown in the drawings, and adjustable in a vertical direction.
  • the X-ray tube 9 is firmly mounted upon a carriage I provided with rollers 8.
  • tube 9 carries a conical tube I2 which is firmly connected therewith.
  • the X-ray tube 9, with the tube I2 are rotatable about an axis 3 I, which coincides with the central ray emitted by the X-ray tube.
  • the right-hand side of the rails I (looking in the direction of Figures 1 and 2) is firmly connected with the casing I3, carrying the driving motor I 4.
  • the motor I4 i supplied with electric power by means not illustrated in the drawingsfor example, through contact rings supplied with electricity through an insulated ring located at the bottom of the ring 3.
  • the motor I4 has a motor shaft I5 which carries a worm I6, meshing with a gear I'I, keyed upon a shaft I8.
  • the shaft I8 is firmly connected with a pinion I9 meshing with a toothed crown 20, which is located upon the upper edge of the guide 5, and is firmly connected therewith. Furthermore, the shaft I8 is firmly connected with a cone gear 2I meshing with a gear 2 la which is keyed upon the shaft 23 (Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6).
  • the shaft 23 is rigidly connected with a worm 23a meshing with a gear 22.
  • the gear 22 is keyed upon a shaft 24, which is thus slowly rotated by the motor I4.
  • the X-ray The shaft 24 carries cams 25 and 26 which are located upon the ends of the shaft 24, and are rotated thereby.
  • the cams 25 and 2B are connected with ropes, strings or chains 21 and 28, respectively.
  • the member 2! is attached directly to the carriage I, while the member 28 is passed over a pulley 29 which is mounted upon the ring 3 and is located substantially opposite the cam 26.
  • the member 28, which is also attached to the carriage 1 pulls the carriage in the opposite direction from that of the member 21.
  • the shaft 24 is rotated the extent of winding of one of the members 2! or 28 is the same as the extent of unwinding of the other member. Due to this arrangement, the carriage I, along with the X-ray tube 9 carried thereby, is prevented from being shifted involuntarily throughout its various positions in the course of radiation.
  • the guides I carry contacts which are not illustrated in the drawings, and which engage other contacts carried by the X-ray tube (also not shown), so that the X-ray tube is switched on automatically shortly after the beginning of the movement of its carriage upon the guides.
  • the X-ray tube is switched off automatically by similar means shortly before the end of the movement of the carriage upon the guides. Similar contacts (not shown) may be used to switch oil! the motor I4 or to reverse its direction of rotation when the carriage I has reached the position shown in Figure 2.
  • the driving motor I4 is preferably provided with a centrifugal regulator.
  • the motor When the motor is switched on it drives the shaft I8 by means of the motor shaft I5, the worm I5 and the gear IT.
  • the shaft I8 drives, on the one hand, the pinion I9, which meshes with the crown 20 and thereby causes a rotation of the ring 3 with the guides I carried thereby about the axis I0.
  • the shaft I8 drives the cams 25 and 26 through the worm 2
  • the cams 25 and 25 operate the pulling members 21 and 28 so that the carriage 1 with the X-ray tube is moved slowly along the guides I while these guides are being rotated by the ring 3.
  • the form of these cams 25 and 26 is so selected that the speed of movement of the carriage 1 increases steadily with a decrease in the radius of the spiral. It is apparent that this spiral path is carried out by the X-ray tube as a result of the combined movements along the guides I and about the axis I0. Due to the variation in the form of the cams the specific irradiation of all parts of the outer surface of the body to be treated remains the same.
  • Figure 3 shows two positions of the X-ray tube 9, the second position being illustrated by broken lines.
  • Figure 4 shows by broken lines six different positions of the X-ray tube.
  • the X-ray tube 9 carries two guide rolls 33 which roll upon the inner surfaces of the casing 32, namely, upon the left side of the casing (looking in the direction of Figure 3). During this rolling movement of the rollers 33, the X-ray tube moves along one-half of the winding of the spiral, and, at the same time, turns about the central ray axis: at to the" extent. or 130 producing a slight twist or. the cables: leading to the Karat tubeand not shown rm the drawings? n the other hand. the right-hand; side or the casing 32 suuare ( Figure: 4)"; and? is of; such dimensions that the X-ray tuber-9 cal-ntu'rnconvenient'ly about the axis" 31;.
  • lit is: apparent that the example above shown has been: given solely by way” or illustration and not by way of limitation. and: tha-ttit is subject to a number or" variations; and. modifications, without departing from? thescope or method of the present invention...
  • a: toothediiraili having: the form of. a spiralmay be arfixedc to-the inner suriaice of a. sphere and the motorrwith the X-ray tube hanging therefrom maybemoved along the rail by means. of a motor-drivenpinion; All such and other variations and modifications arewtobe included within the scope of: the present invention.
  • rollers engaged by said rollers during one half of: a: winding: of the spiral path or said: source in relation:- to said casing; to: cause a rotation or said source to an angle of I80 about anaxis coinciding: with the central ray of the radiation of saidsource, said rollers: being: devoid of contactwith the rastmentioned guide during the other halfof said winding.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising. in combination with a source ofra ys, a circularly curved guide, means mov'ably' supporting said source upon said guide, irriean's connected with the first-mentioned meansand directing the rays thereof tothe center of the circular curvature of said guide, automaticallyoperable meansconnected: with said source and moving said source along. said guide during irradiation, and automatically operable means connected with said guide and rotating said guide about an axis which constitutes a radius of said circular curvature, whereby said source will describe a spiral path. 4.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly curved guide for the source, means movably supporting said source upon said guide and di rooting: the rays thereof to the; center of the circuiar'curvature of said: guide, a ring. carrying said guide, said ring being rotatable about' an axis constituting a radius of said circular cur-'- vature; a motor rotating said ring during illumination, and automatically operable means moving said'source along saidguide during irradiation.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly curved guide for thesource, means movably supporting source upon said guide and directing therays thercofto the center of the circular curvature of said guide, a ring carrying said guide;v said ring being rotatable about an axis constituting a radius of said circular curvature, a'stationary toothed crown enclosing said rotatable ring, a motor mounted upon said ring, a gear driven by said" motor and engaging said crown: to rotate said ring and said guide during illumination, and a driv connected with said motor. a-ndwsaid source to move said source upon said guide during illumination.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ locatedwithin'the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays; comprising in combination with. a source of rays, a circularly curved" guidefor the source, means-movably supporting said source upon saidguideanddi-recting the rays thereof to the center of the-circular curvature of said-guide, a ri ngcarryingsaid guide, sai'dring being rotatableabout an axis constituting a radius ofsaid circular curvature, a stationary toothed crown enclosing, said rotatable ring, a motor mounted upon said.
  • An v apparatus for irradiating adiseased org-an located with-in the body of. apatient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly cur-vedguide for the source, means movably supportingssa-id source upon said guide and directing the rays thereof to the center of the circular curvature'ofsaid guide, a'ring'. carrying said guide, said. ring being.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly curved guide for the source, means movably supporting said source upon said guide and directing the rays thereof to the center of the circular curvature of said guide, a ring carrying said guide, said ring being rotatable about amaxis constituting a radius of said circular curvature, a stationary toothed crown enclosing said rotatable ring, a reversible motor mounted upon said ring, a pinion driven by said motor and engaging said crown to rotate said ring and said guide during illumination, a pulley rotatable by said motor during illumination, two flexible pulling elements having ends connected to opposed sides of said source corresponding to directions of movement thereof and other ends connected with said pulley, whereby one of said pulling elements pulls said source upon said guide during rotation of said pulley, and means reversing said motor at predetermined locations of said
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, means connected with said source and automatically moving said source during irradiation upon a spherical surface having a center coinciding with said organ, means connected with said source for directing said rays radially toward said center, means guiding said source along a spiral, and means connected with the first-mentioned means and increasing the speed of movement of said source as the radius of said spiral is decreased.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, means automatically moving said source during irradiation upon a spherical surface having a center coinciding with said organ, means connected with the first-mentioned means for directing said rays radially toward said center, means guiding said source along a spiral, and means connected with said source and switching on and off said irradiation depending upon the movement of said source.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with an electrically movable source of rays, a circularly curved guide for the source, means movably supporting said source upon said guide and directing the rays of the source to the center of the circular curvature of said guide, a ring carrying said guide, said ring being rotatable about an axis constituting a radius of said circular curvature, a motor rotating said ring during irradiation, automatically operable means moving said source along said guide during irradiation, means automatically switching on and off the electrical current for said source depending upon movements of the source, and means switching off said motor in predetermined positions of said source upon said guide.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, means automatically moving said source during irradiation upon a spherical surface having a center coinciding with said organ, means guiding said source along a spiral path, means directing said rays radially toward said center, and means preventing said source from turning more than about the central ray thereof during the movement of said source.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly curved guide for the source, means supporting said source upon said guide for rotation about the central ray of said source and for movement along said guide with said rays being directed to the center of the circular curvature of said guide, automatically operable means moving said source along said guide during irradiation, automatically operable means rotating said guide about an axis which constitutes a radius of said circular curvature, and guide means operable during each rotation of said guide by 360 to turn said source about its central ray to an angle of 180 during the guide rotation ranging from 0 to 180 and releasing said source during the guide rotation ranging from 180 to 360.
  • An apparatus for irradiating a diseased organ located within the body of a patient with therapeutically operative rays comprising in combination with a source of rays, a circularly curved guide for the source, means supporting said source upon said guide for movement along said guide and rotation about the central ray of said source and directing the rays of the source to the center of the circular curvature of said guide, automatically operable means moving said source along said guide during irradiation, automatically operable means rotating said guide about an axis which constitutes a radius of said circular curvature, a casing enclosing said guide, and rollers carried by said source, said casing having a fixed guide formed upon an inner surface thereof and guiding said rollers during each rotation of the guide by 360 solely in the range of 0 to 180 and thereby causing a turning of said source about its central ray to an angle of 180 JOSEF' GERNETH.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
US118849A 1948-11-26 1949-09-30 Machine for convergent irradiation Expired - Lifetime US2640159A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2793296A (en) * 1952-12-12 1957-05-21 Jr Oscar S Peterson Rotational radiation therapy system and unit
US2822478A (en) * 1955-08-05 1958-02-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement including a betatron for radiation of the human body
US2890349A (en) * 1951-09-04 1959-06-09 Licencia Talalmanyokat Tube support in motional x-ray irradiation apparatuses
US2916627A (en) * 1957-06-15 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Tomograph
US2967939A (en) * 1957-05-13 1961-01-10 Caha Archimiro Gammagraph for medical purposes
US3283147A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-11-01 Emik A Avakian Energy-projecting and scanning apparatus
US4189122A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Wide angle gimbal system
US4813064A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-03-14 Jackson Iii David Method and apparatus for counterbalancing rotating bodies
US5216789A (en) * 1991-05-16 1993-06-08 Technology Application Services Method and apparatus for sterilization and/or embalmment of corpses and specimens
US20140270090A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Proto Manufacturing Ltd. X-Ray Diffraction Apparatus And Method
US10406382B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-09-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Dual-axis ring gantry radiotherapy systems

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE287291C (en(2012)) *
US981256A (en) * 1908-05-25 1911-01-10 William S Fullerton X-ray apparatus.
US1408559A (en) * 1920-01-07 1922-03-07 Zulauf Alvin Frank Panoramic x-ray apparatus
DE418214C (de) * 1923-08-16 1925-09-04 Paolo Natale Marzi Dr Traggestell fuer Vorrichtungen zu Durchleuchtungen und Aufnahmen mit Roentgenroehrenu. dgl.
US1599696A (en) * 1921-02-09 1926-09-14 Victor X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus
AT120097B (de) * 1927-11-28 1930-11-25 Siemens Reiniger Veifa Vorrichtung zur Herstellung photographischer Aufnahmen und zur Durchleuchtung mittels Röntgenstrahlen.
US1887801A (en) * 1931-10-13 1932-11-15 Paul F Cole X-ray apparatus
US2058105A (en) * 1928-03-31 1936-10-20 Pohl Ernst Rontgen tube
GB458677A (en) * 1935-06-15 1936-12-15 Friedrich Wilhelm Otto Bauch Improvements in or relating to radiation-therapy
US2139966A (en) * 1935-03-25 1938-12-13 Maurice A Loebell X-ray apparatus
US2472745A (en) * 1946-09-19 1949-06-07 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for producing a convergent x-ray beam

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE287291C (en(2012)) *
US981256A (en) * 1908-05-25 1911-01-10 William S Fullerton X-ray apparatus.
US1408559A (en) * 1920-01-07 1922-03-07 Zulauf Alvin Frank Panoramic x-ray apparatus
US1599696A (en) * 1921-02-09 1926-09-14 Victor X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus
DE418214C (de) * 1923-08-16 1925-09-04 Paolo Natale Marzi Dr Traggestell fuer Vorrichtungen zu Durchleuchtungen und Aufnahmen mit Roentgenroehrenu. dgl.
AT120097B (de) * 1927-11-28 1930-11-25 Siemens Reiniger Veifa Vorrichtung zur Herstellung photographischer Aufnahmen und zur Durchleuchtung mittels Röntgenstrahlen.
AT123130B (de) * 1927-11-28 1931-06-10 Siemens Reiniger Veifa Einrichtung zur Untersuchung mit Röntgenstrahlen.
US2058105A (en) * 1928-03-31 1936-10-20 Pohl Ernst Rontgen tube
US1887801A (en) * 1931-10-13 1932-11-15 Paul F Cole X-ray apparatus
US2139966A (en) * 1935-03-25 1938-12-13 Maurice A Loebell X-ray apparatus
GB458677A (en) * 1935-06-15 1936-12-15 Friedrich Wilhelm Otto Bauch Improvements in or relating to radiation-therapy
US2472745A (en) * 1946-09-19 1949-06-07 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for producing a convergent x-ray beam

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890349A (en) * 1951-09-04 1959-06-09 Licencia Talalmanyokat Tube support in motional x-ray irradiation apparatuses
US2793296A (en) * 1952-12-12 1957-05-21 Jr Oscar S Peterson Rotational radiation therapy system and unit
US2822478A (en) * 1955-08-05 1958-02-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Arrangement including a betatron for radiation of the human body
US2967939A (en) * 1957-05-13 1961-01-10 Caha Archimiro Gammagraph for medical purposes
US2916627A (en) * 1957-06-15 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Tomograph
US3283147A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-11-01 Emik A Avakian Energy-projecting and scanning apparatus
US4189122A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Wide angle gimbal system
US4813064A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-03-14 Jackson Iii David Method and apparatus for counterbalancing rotating bodies
US5216789A (en) * 1991-05-16 1993-06-08 Technology Application Services Method and apparatus for sterilization and/or embalmment of corpses and specimens
US20140270090A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Proto Manufacturing Ltd. X-Ray Diffraction Apparatus And Method
US9613728B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-04-04 Proto Manufacturing Ltd. X-ray diffraction apparatus and method
US10406382B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-09-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Dual-axis ring gantry radiotherapy systems

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Publication number Publication date
GB686828A (en) 1953-02-04
FR987794A (fr) 1951-08-20
NL77696C (en(2012))

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