US2639405A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2639405A
US2639405A US619289A US61928945A US2639405A US 2639405 A US2639405 A US 2639405A US 619289 A US619289 A US 619289A US 61928945 A US61928945 A US 61928945A US 2639405 A US2639405 A US 2639405A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
cavity resonator
fingers
connectors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US619289A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald L Benedict
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GTE Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL81363D priority Critical patent/NL81363C/xx
Application filed by Sylvania Electric Products Inc filed Critical Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Priority to US619289A priority patent/US2639405A/en
Priority to GB28467/46A priority patent/GB650935A/en
Priority to FR933936D priority patent/FR933936A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2639405A publication Critical patent/US2639405A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
    • H01J25/56—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes with interdigital arrangements of anodes, e.g. turbator tube

Definitions

  • magnetron tubes are of several kinds according to their performance, those most commonly encountered being the low field magnetron, the transit time magnetron, and the negative resistance magnetron. Of these the first two types have been adapted to use at ultra high frequencies, while the other is not commonly used at frequencies above cycles per second.
  • the electron discharge device of the low field magnetron type, to which my invention finds efficient application, is characterized in-that the strength of the magnetic field applied to the tube ordinarily is lower than that which would be required to produce a rotational frequency of electrons equal to the circuit frequencies.
  • -A further object of my invention is to provide an improved electron discharge device of the magnetron oscillator type which is tunable over a relatively wide range of frequencies and which is operable with relatively low electric and magnetic fields.
  • a still further object of my invention is to provide a tunable ultra high frequency magnetron which is relatively simple in construction and adaptable to quantity production.
  • a still further object of my invention is to provide a relatively simple tunable magnetron adapted to operate in a cavity resonator in which the frequency of operation is relatively independent of fluctuations in magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view through an electron discharge device embodying features of my invention and which'view is taken along the line I-l of Fig. 2;
  • Fig.2 is a transverse sectional view taken along the lines 22 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the cathode sleeve and part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a view partly in elevation, partly in longitudinal central section of the cathode sleeve employed in the construction of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5v is an end view of the electron discharge deviceas looking from the top of Fig. 1 but drawn to'a much smaller scale;
  • Fig. 6 is a side view in elevation of one of the anode members employed in the construction of Fig. 1;
  • Figs. '7 and 8 are face and end views in elevation of a cavity resonator and its supporting means which is adapted to be employed with the electron device as illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating a modification of my invention with a cathode mounted slightly off center with respect to the anode;
  • Figs. 10 and 11 are fragmentary diagrammatic illustrations showing developmental views of the anode of further modificationsof my invention, Fig. 10 showing a finger on one of the members being longer than the others, and Fig. 11 show.- ing one of the fingers as'being" narrower than the others.
  • Fig. 12 is a sectional view along the lines I' -l 2 of Fig. '7 with certainof. the parts shown. infull, with themagneticmeans and the electrical means shown diagrammatically and. with the envelope partly broken away to illustrate more. clearly the internal parts thereof, and.
  • Fig. 13 is a face view as seen from the underside oiv Fig. 12, the parts being shown-in section on the line It of Fig. 12.
  • an electron discharge device including an envelope made of any suitable material such as glass comprising three sections, the first section indicated by the nu meral I being the lower or header section. the central section being indicated by the numeral 2, and the top section or, dome section being indi cated by the numeral 3, the three sections ca-"ling separated by and sealed to discs 4 and 5 which may be formed of any suitable conductive ma terial such as oxygen-tree copper.
  • each of the anode members includes a ring-like portion ⁇ Em with a plurality of fingerlike members, Nib, projecting therefrom substantiallyin the surface of a cylindrical shell.
  • each pbrtion Iiia constitutes a circular connector for alternate conductive fingers Mb-
  • the anode member I 0 within the envelope is con nected to the disc member 1' through the ring member Eta. which is attached in any, suitable manner such as by. soldering to arrange portion l2 which is integral with thedi'sc'd andwhich extends internally of the envelope Lugs'l3 -may be provided for supporting'the ring against I the flange until it is soldered.
  • anode member H is similarly supported and connected to the lower disc memher 5.
  • the anode members it and H are so formed and their extending fingers have such a length and width with respect to the space be tween adjacent fingers lllb that when they are positioned in the manner illustrated in Figs. 1
  • each of the anode members has eight digits or fingers.
  • any suitable arrangement may be provided for connecting the heater filament l to a heater circuit and in the arrangement illustrated in. the drawings I provide lead-in wires 14 and i t which may be made of any suitable alloy, such as chromium-nickel-iron alloy used for sealing to glass.
  • the lead-in wires may be positioned in any desirable relation and as shown lead-in wire l l constitutes a' connection and a support through tabs l5 and l! for the cathode 5, and through a tab is for oneendzof the heater 5, while lead-in wire l5 and tab Ill constitute the connection and support for the other end of the heater.
  • the anode fingers may be interdigitatsd to any suitable amounts and in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1. they are. interdigitated over a part of their. length, the extremities being indicated by the planes 2lfandj2 l.
  • the planes serve also to indicate the, approximate length of, the band of electron emissive'coating 22 ordinarily used onthecathode, but ins'ome' cases'the band is somewhat longer, while for a low power-or for continuous non-pulsed operation, it is frequently advantageous to make the coating band much shorter than that indicated by. the. planes 2% and 2 l.
  • Flanges 24. and 25 on the, cathode serve for the purpose of conserving the energy by. confiningthe electron discharge within the interdigitated region or" the-anode.
  • a cavity resonator 2! which. includes a boxlike portion 2'! and a plate, or, cover portion
  • the envelope may besupportedin the opening in the cavity with the discs against shoulders, a relatively tight connection being provided through a device during its operation I provide a concentric line including a tube 3.4 within which is contained a line 35 which connected at its inner looped end 35 to the cavity resonator.
  • a magnetic field is employed which magnetic field maybe produced in any. suitable manner such as through a magnet indicated generally by the numeral ill.
  • the pole pieces of the magnet produce a magnetic field which is substantially. parallel with the longitudinal axis of the anode and cathode.
  • An electric field is provided through a source of direct current power indicated by the numeral 38, the positive side being connected to the cavity resonator through a conductor 39 and the negative side is connected to the cathode through a line 4t.
  • a source of heater power for the oaths-dc heater 7 may be obtained from a source of power through the heater supply transformer 45.
  • a plurality of tuning screws' tt is provided each of in the two .parts or the cavity resonator 26. It will be noted in the illustrative embodiment of my invention seven tuning screws are placed at 45 intervals except that where the lineso is fitted into the cavity resonator there is no tuning screw at this position.
  • both the form and number of the tuning screws may be varied to suit such factors as de' sign details of the tube in relation to the cavity resonator dimensions hence, for example, I may use five or nine screws and may place on the inner end another block which may contact the up per and lower ends of the cavity either conductively or insulatingly; or I may use other forms the magnetic field resulting in the precession of the electrons in one direction about the cathode. As the electrons approach the anode their velocity increases butdue to the action or the magnetic field their motion is substantially tangential to the inside cylindrical surface of the anode.
  • the 1r mode is the first of a series of radial modes, a radial mode being one in which there is no substantial variation in the instantaneous electric field with angular position about the cathode.
  • radial modes may becharacterized by instantaneous potentials along the radius which start at zero in the periphery of the cavity resonator space, increase to a maximum in absolute value, decrease substantially to zero, and then increase to a high absolute value at the anode. Theoretically there may be any number of such maxima and substantially zero field points along a radius depending upon the radius of the cavity resonator used.
  • the tube walls which are sealed to the discs 4 and 5 may be placed at such a location in the system that they are removed from the voltage loops or at a point of minimum potential difference.
  • the electric field starts at zero, increases first to a maximum, decreases to zero, changes polarity and decreases to a minimum in the opposite direction, then increases to zero at the point of beginning.
  • the coupling loop is inductively coupled to the magnetic field set up in th cavity resola-t by e os llat I thereiore find it desirable to provide my electron discharge device with any suitable means so that the voltage and current loops may be provided in a predetermined location in the cavity resonator with this mode of operation and with respect to the position of the coupling loops andby placing the line to remove power at that portion of the cavity resonator where there is a rel ively large change of magnetic flux, I will thereby be able to obtain an optimum transfer of power from the cavity resonator to the line.
  • Fig. 9 I have illustrated the cathode 6a which has been displaced from its position of being substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the interdigitated anode or in other words the cathode 6c is shifted to the right as illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 I have illustrated an arrangement for producing asyr. metry which includes an anode construction in which the various fingers have substantially the same size and shape except one of the. fingers t5 on one of the anode portions is longer or extends to a closer position to the ring
  • Fig. 10 I have illustrated an arrangement for producing asyr. metry which includes an anode construction in which the various fingers have substantially the same size and shape except one of the. fingers t5 on one of the anode portions is longer or extends to a closer position to the ring
  • the power output of the device may be improved by withdrawing one or both of the screws 43a, (indicated in Figure 13) on the cavity resonator diameter perpendicular to the radius passing through the coupling loop and such screws may be completely removed with resulting improvement in the power output in certain cases provided all the other screws are kept in substantially the same radial distance from the center of the cavity resonator.
  • any suitable method or arrangement may be employed for positioning the power coupling loop. with respect to the asymmetry of the device, the maximum change of magnetic field, or the current or voltage loops.
  • the power coupling loop should be n ith the d r o of m e nt o the cathade to. pr duc he ymme ry h t e asynnnetry is produced by two larger fingers dimetr cal opp ite e c other, hen the o in oo sh d be end cular to a plane passing through the larger fingers.
  • the predetermined position of the coupling loop with respect to the asymmetry or the point of maximum change of flux or the point of the voltag node may be obtained by rotating the envelope within the cavity resonator until it attains that position with respect to the cavity resonator that a maximum or optimum amount of power is withdrawn through the coupling loop.
  • An electron discharge device adapted to be connected to an encircling cavity resonator and to operate as a magnetron, comprising a cathode elongated along an axis, and anode means surrounding said cathode and exposed in substantially all radial directions to said cathode, said anode means including continuous encircling terminal rings for connection to an encircling resonator, a pair of connectors about said cathode and a plurality of like axially extending conductors joined together in alternation by a respective one of said connectors, the foregoing construction being generally mechanically circularly symmetric about said axis and incorporating a circularly asymmetric structure.
  • a magnetron including a cathode, anode means exposed in substantially all radial directions to said cathode and including a plurality of connectors about said cathode, a plurality of conductors extending from each of said connectors with the conductors on each connector interposed between the conductors on the other of said connectors, a cavity resonator encircling said anode means and joined to said connectors, and output coupling means penetrating said cavity resonator, said magnetron being capable of operation in a mode providing stationary nodal points spaced about said connectors, the foregoing construction incorporating a circularly asymmetric structure fixing said nodal points in relation to said output coupling means.
  • a magnetron including a. cathode and coaxial anode means, said anode means including a pair of end connectors about said cathode and a plurality of like axially extending conductors spaced from each other and forming a cylinder, said conductors being joined alternately to a respective one of said end connectors, said con ductors being alike in dimensions and mutual spacing, said anode means additionally including a distinctive conductor which is irregular in some way with respect to said like conductors.
  • A. magne ron. including c ax al. node. an cathode means, said anode means including a pair of circular connectors spaced axially apart and a plurality of like parallel conductive fingers spaced from each other and forming a cylinder, said fingers being'joined in alternation to a respective one of said circular connectors, said fingerslon each of said connectors extending toward the other connector and being alike in dimensions and mutual spacing, said anode means additionally including a conductor which is larger than said parallel conductive fingers, a cavity resonator encircling said anode means and joined to said circular connectors, and an output coupling element fixed in relation to said larger conductor.
  • a magnetron according to claim 3, wherein the circularly asymmetric structure is provided in the form of devices extending inwardly from the wall of said cavity resonator, certain of said devices extending further inwardly than the others.
  • a magnetron according to claim 3 wherein the circularly asymmetric structure is provided in the form of regularly spaced devices extending inwardly from the wall of said cavity resonator, said devices extending substantially equally except for a device spaced from said output coupling means by 90.
  • a magnetron including a cathode elongated along an axis, and anode means surrounding said cathode, said anode means including a pair of circular connectors coaxial with and surrounding said cathode, said circular connectors being separated from each other axially, said anode means'additionally having a plurality of axially extending conductors joined together in alternation by said circular conductors respectively, one of said axially extending conductors being different in width from the adjacent axially extending conductors.
  • a magnetron including a cathode, anode means expo-sedin substantially all radial directions to said cathode and including a plurality of connectors about said cathode, a plurality of conductors extending from each of said connectors with the conductors on each connector interposed between the conductors on the other of said connectors, a cavity resonator encircling said anode means and joined to said connectors, and output coupling means penetrating said cavity resonator, said magnetron being capable of operation in a mode providing stationary nodal points spaced about said connectors, the foregoing construction incorporating a circularly irregular structure fixing said nodal points in relation to said output coupling means.
  • a magnetron including a cathode and coaxial anode means, said anode means includin a pair of end connectors about said cathode and a plurality of like axially extending conductors spaced from each other and forming a cylinder, said conductors. being joined alternately to a respective one of said end connectors, said conductors being alike in dimensions and each substantially equally spaced from an adjacent one, said anode means additionally including a distinctive conductor which is irregular in some way with respect to said like conductors.
  • a magnetron including coaxial anode and cathode means, said anode means including a pair of circular connectors spaced axially apart and a plurality of like parallel conductive fingers spaced. from each other and forming a cylinder, said fingers being joined in. alternation -tola respective one of said circular connectors,
  • a magnetron including a cathode and coaxial anode means, said anode means including a pair of end connectors about said cathode and a plurality of like axially extending conductors spaced from each other and forming a cylinder, said-conductors being joined alternately to a, respective one of said end connectors, said conductors being alike in dimension and each substantially equally spaced from an adjacent one, said anode means additionally including diametrically opposite conductors which are larger than said like conductors.
  • a magnetron including coaxial anode and cathode means, said anode means including a pairof. circular connectors spaced axially apart and a, plurality of like parallel conductive fingers spaced from each other and forming a cylind'er, said fingers being joined inalternation to a respective one of said circular connectors, said fingers ,on each of said connectors extending towa'rdthe other connector and being alike in dimensions and each substantially equally spaced from an adjacent one, said anode means additionally, including a pair of diametrically opposite conductors which are larger than said par- "allel conductive fingers, acavity resonator encircling said anode means and joined to said circular connectors, and an output coupling element in said resonator in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said diametrically opposite larger conductors.

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US619289A 1945-09-29 1945-09-29 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2639405A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL81363D NL81363C (en(2012)) 1945-09-29
US619289A US2639405A (en) 1945-09-29 1945-09-29 Electron discharge device
GB28467/46A GB650935A (en) 1945-09-29 1946-09-23 Improvement in electron discharge device
FR933936D FR933936A (fr) 1945-09-29 1946-09-26 Perfectionnement aux dispositifs à décharge électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US619289A US2639405A (en) 1945-09-29 1945-09-29 Electron discharge device

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US2639405A true US2639405A (en) 1953-05-19

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FR (1) FR933936A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB650935A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL81363C (en(2012))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2829306A (en) * 1953-04-13 1958-04-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillating electrical circuits
US2841737A (en) * 1951-04-23 1958-07-01 Philips Corp Electric discharge tube
US2843785A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Thermal insulation for cathode
US2940007A (en) * 1958-01-20 1960-06-07 Gen Electric Magnetron circuits
US3219863A (en) * 1960-10-07 1965-11-23 Ling Temco Electronics Inc Electron tube having concentric electrodes

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2799803A (en) * 1954-04-10 1957-07-16 Csf Magnetron tubes having adjustable frequency
NL188565B (nl) * 1954-06-21 Krupp Gmbh Continuwerkende centrifuge.
DE1060500B (de) * 1955-10-22 1959-07-02 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Magnetfeldroehre, bei der das gesamte Elektroden- und Schwingsystem in einem evakuierten Glasgefaess angeordnet ist

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB449920A (en) * 1934-05-07 1936-07-07 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Improvements in or relating to electron valves
US2144222A (en) * 1935-08-15 1939-01-17 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge device
US2209932A (en) * 1937-12-24 1940-07-30 Gen Electric Resistance line welding control
US2281717A (en) * 1941-01-21 1942-05-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2395043A (en) * 1941-12-02 1946-02-19 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2408234A (en) * 1941-11-26 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Tunable magnetron
US2409222A (en) * 1941-07-19 1946-10-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2414084A (en) * 1943-05-11 1947-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Tunable resonator and oscillator
US2421636A (en) * 1944-05-29 1947-06-03 Gen Electric Tunable magnetron
US2424886A (en) * 1942-12-29 1947-07-29 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2428888A (en) * 1946-04-15 1947-10-14 Gen Electric High-frequency electric discharge device
US2429291A (en) * 1943-07-01 1947-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB449920A (en) * 1934-05-07 1936-07-07 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Improvements in or relating to electron valves
US2144222A (en) * 1935-08-15 1939-01-17 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge device
US2209932A (en) * 1937-12-24 1940-07-30 Gen Electric Resistance line welding control
US2281717A (en) * 1941-01-21 1942-05-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2409222A (en) * 1941-07-19 1946-10-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2408234A (en) * 1941-11-26 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Tunable magnetron
US2395043A (en) * 1941-12-02 1946-02-19 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2424886A (en) * 1942-12-29 1947-07-29 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2414084A (en) * 1943-05-11 1947-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Tunable resonator and oscillator
US2429291A (en) * 1943-07-01 1947-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron
US2421636A (en) * 1944-05-29 1947-06-03 Gen Electric Tunable magnetron
US2428888A (en) * 1946-04-15 1947-10-14 Gen Electric High-frequency electric discharge device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841737A (en) * 1951-04-23 1958-07-01 Philips Corp Electric discharge tube
US2829306A (en) * 1953-04-13 1958-04-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillating electrical circuits
US2843785A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Thermal insulation for cathode
US2940007A (en) * 1958-01-20 1960-06-07 Gen Electric Magnetron circuits
US3219863A (en) * 1960-10-07 1965-11-23 Ling Temco Electronics Inc Electron tube having concentric electrodes

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Publication number Publication date
NL81363C (en(2012))
GB650935A (en) 1951-03-07
FR933936A (fr) 1948-05-05

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