US2626221A - Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies - Google Patents

Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2626221A
US2626221A US10974A US1097448A US2626221A US 2626221 A US2626221 A US 2626221A US 10974 A US10974 A US 10974A US 1097448 A US1097448 A US 1097448A US 2626221 A US2626221 A US 2626221A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cutter
teeth
heat
surfacing material
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10974A
Inventor
Charles H Elliott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reed Roller Bit Co
Original Assignee
Reed Roller Bit Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reed Roller Bit Co filed Critical Reed Roller Bit Co
Priority to US10974A priority Critical patent/US2626221A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2626221A publication Critical patent/US2626221A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat

Definitions

  • PROCESS OF APPLYING HARD SURFACIN MATERIAL TO METAL BODIES Filed Feb. 26, 1948 CHARLL'J hf. ELL/0T7 MIVENTOR ATTORNE Y5 Patented Jan. 20, 1953 PROCESS OF APPLYING HARD SURFACING MATERIAL TO METAL BODIES.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a process for surface hardening solid metallic bodies wherein substantially all of the area to be hard- .ened is subjected to continuous heating while the heater and work piece are moved with respect to each other in a rotational sense with the work piece serving as the center of rotation and in a reciprocal sense along a straightline.
  • Still a further object is to'provide a process for surface hardening solid metallic bodiessuch --as roller cutter bits wherein a granular hard substance is bonded to the surface to be hardened by playing flame continuously oversubstantially the entire surface to be hardened while moving the flame with respect'to each other as if the body were rotated about an axis passing through the body and reciprocated along a straight line.
  • Yet another object is to provide a process for surface hardening roller cutter bits wherein a flame is played over substantially the entire area of the 2 surface to be hardened while the flame and the body are moved with respect to each other as if the body were rotated about its axis and reciprocated along such axis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic fra mentary side elevational view of apparatus embodying this invention with parts shown in section for added clarity:
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view with parts in section of the apparatus shown in Fig. l.
  • the process of applying hard surfacing material in accordance with this invention includes the steps of securing the hard surfacing material to the metal surface to which it is to be applied.
  • a binder of glue-like substance is employed to retain the surfacing material upon the surface to be hardened and the oil, water or other liquid vehicle is driven from the surface by suitable preliminary heating.
  • the coated surface is then heated, preferably with a gas flame, while the surface and the flame are kept moving with respect to each other as if the body to be surface hardened were rotated about an axis through the body and reciprocated along a straight line passing therethrough. During this heat ng operation.
  • heat rays emanating from the surface under treatment are intercepted by a light or heat ray sensitive element and the flame is controlled in accordance with the intensity of such intercepted heat rays so as to turn off the flame, when the intensity of the heat rays reaches a value which indicates that the surface to be heated has reached the desired temperature at which the hard surfacing material becomes bonded to 'th surface of the body treated.
  • Any suitable flame may be employed so long as it is given a configuration, such that it will heat the metal surface to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied, and the body-of metal adjacent such surface substantially evenly and uniformly. It is desirable that the surface to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied be heated to a temperature somewhat higher thanthe remainder of the body on which it is carried, but no great differential is required.
  • the means for moving the surface with respect to the flame be in the form of a spindle which may be used to rotate the member and which may be axially reciprocated.
  • an apparatus capable of carrying out the process described is illustrated diagrammatically, and in this instance the body to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied is in the form of aro'ller cutter I for an earth drill bit.
  • This cutter has radially extending teeth 2 on its outer periphery and in the usual course of procedure in manufacturing these cutters, it is desired that one flank 3 of each such tooth be provided with a hard surface as by the application of tungsten carbide thereto and the bonding of *the tungsten carbide to the metal of the cutter.
  • the cutter is mounted upon a spindle or work piece holder 4 for rotation thereby and is'secured upon this spindle by means of a cap screw 5 and washerlfi
  • the speed of rotation is not critical but it has been found that a speed of between 25 and 300 R. P.'M. is suitable for the purpose of surfacing the teeth of the cutter of 6 to 8 inches in diameter.
  • Shaft 4 is journaled in a support 50'and preferably has a ball bearing mounting therein.
  • the mechanism for imparting axial movement to the shaft includes bar 54 pivoted to a support at 55 and :having at one end a roller which operates in groove 4b at the upper end of shaft 4.
  • The-other end of bar '54 is connected to crank 56 by crank arm or link '51;
  • the crank is secured to the shaft or rotatable member 58, by a suitable bolt.
  • Member .58 may be rotated by-a suitable prime mover not shown in the drawings.
  • the supports '9 and I9 are hollow, and connected with the hollow chamber thus formed in the support'9 are conduits [I and 12 for conveying to -such chamber a combustible fuel such as acetylene gas or the like and, if necessary, oxygen for supporting combustion.
  • conduits l3 and I4 are connected to the hollow interior of support 10 for supplying a combustible mixture thereto.
  • Support 9 carries a large burner head [5 and on lateral arms extending from the burner head are carried relatively small auxiliary burner heads l6 and I1.
  • Burner head I5 is positioned to direct a flame radially inwardly toward cutter teeth 2.
  • the auxiliary burner heads are positioned to direct a flame against opposite sides of the body of the cutter adjacent the roots of teeth 2.
  • the auxiliary burner heads are supported from a large burner head and form part thereof by means of hollow arms l8 and I9, respectively.
  • Arm It carries a large burner head 20 directly opposed to the burner head and positioned to direct a flame radially inwardly toward the teeth 2.
  • Auxiliary burner heads 2! and 22 are carried by head and are positioned on opposite sides of the cutter body adjacent the roots of teeth 2.
  • auxiliary burner heads are supported by hollow arms .23 and 24, the mounting being similar to that of the mounting of the auxiliary heads 1-6 and IT.
  • each burner head In order to prevent the back dash of flame into the burner heads, where gas such as acetylene, is employed, there is built into each burner head aflame arrester structure which is preferably .cooledby water .or the like. This coolant is applied to large burner head l5 through conduits 25 to heater 20 through conduits 26 and auxiliary burner heads IE, IT, 2
  • Burner head I 5 is provided with burner tips '31, preferably adjustable, and arranged somewhat in the form of an arc to increase the uniformity of the application of heat to the teeth of the cutter.
  • Large burner head 20 is provided with tips .32, having a like arrangement.
  • and 22 are provided respectively with burner tips 33, 34, .35 and 36. These latter tips are adjusted to such a position that they will apply heat to those portions of the body adjacent-to the teeth at a rate which willheat such portions of the body of the. cutter at substantially the same rate that the teeth are heated.
  • the opposed tips 33 and 34, 35 and 36 are spaced sufficiently far apart to permit the slight reciprocal movement of the work piece along its axis.
  • Thesupply of gas and oxygen through conduits I l [2, I3 and i4 may be manually controlled by suitable valves such as 31 and 38 and additionally are controlled in accordance with this invention by means of an automatic valve 39 which may be of any suitable well-knowntype such as the slide valve-illustrated having a double ported slide 40 therein. It-will beseen that this slide 40 is constantly urged toward its right hand position by spring 4
  • This valve is intended to be moved to its left hand or open position, in which it is illustrated, by a suitable electromagnet 42 to which power is supplied from a suitable source such as the battery 43.
  • thermopile 46 The current for electromagnet 45 is supplied by thermopile 46, within a suitable housing 41, and properly positioned, with respect to lens 48 so that heat rays emanating from the teeth of cutter I will be focused upon thermopile 46.
  • This thermopile may be incorporated in a closed circuit, including magnet 45 and recording indicator or ammeter 49.
  • Ammeter 49 may be calibrated in terms of the temperature of that part of the cutter surface from which the heat rays intercepted by the thermopile emanate.
  • a specific example of this invention has to do with the coating over of the flanks 3 of the teeth of roller cutter l for earth drilling bits with granular tungsten carbide.
  • the surfaces desired to be coated are first covered or painted with a pasty water glass solution and the tungsten carbide in granular form with grains of the size to be applied to the surfaces of the teeth, is sprinkled upon the sodium silicate coating.
  • the sodium silicate with the granular material embedded therein is then thoroughly dried, and while under some circumstances it may be sufficiently dried in air, preferably where the later heat treatment is to be rapid the sodium silicate is subjected to substantial heat in order to drive off as much of the absorbed moisture and water crystallization as possible.
  • the heating should be from the body outwardly.
  • the moisture on the inner portion of the binder is first driven off before the outer coating becomes substantially solidified facilitating escape of the volatilized vehicle. This may be accomplished by use of infrared rays directed upon the body or cutter.
  • the proper drying may also be accomplished in an oven employing an induction heater to heat the body of the cutter.
  • the dried and covered cutter is then placed upon spindle 4 and secured in place by cap screw 5 and washer 6.
  • the various burners are started and spindle 4 is rotated and reciprocated axially whereby the heat from the flames is uniformly distributed to the surface of the cutter to be heated.
  • thermopile 46 The heat rays from the cutter teeth, which will heat a little faster and hence are always at a slightly higher temperature than the body of the cutter, will pass from the teeth just as they emerge from the flame of one of the large burners and will be focused by lens 48 upon thermopile 46.
  • the thermopile and relay coil 45 are proportioned so the current from thermopile 46 will not actuate the relay until the intensity of the heat rays intercepted by the thermopile corresponds to the intensity of such rays when the surfaces of teeth 2 will just begin to alloy with the tungsten carbide and fuse along that part thereof which is in contact with the tungsten car bide.
  • relay 45 When this temperature of the teeth surface is reached relay 45 will automatically .open to de-energize electromagnet 42, whereby spring 4

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

Jan. 20, 1953 c, LLIO 2,626,221
PROCESS OF APPLYING HARD SURFACIN MATERIAL. TO METAL BODIES Filed Feb. 26, 1948 CHARLL'J hf. ELL/0T7 MIVENTOR ATTORNE Y5 Patented Jan. 20, 1953 PROCESS OF APPLYING HARD SURFACING MATERIAL TO METAL BODIES.
Charles H. Elliott, Houston, Tex., assignor to Reed Roller Bit Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Texas Application February 26, 1948, Serial No. 10,974
2 Claims.
plication of granular hard materials to the surface to be hardened.
Heretofore it has been the practice to coat the surface to be hardened with a pasty binder and then embed the granular hard material in the binder. Acetylene hand torches are then employed to heat a small increment of the surface at a time to the point that the granular heating material becomes bonded to the surface. This process is known as puddling in the granular material. From-the standpoint of service, materials processed in this fashion have been satisfactory, but the process is both slow and expensive.
It has been proposed to utilize burner heads having a plurality of jets for playing flames over the surface to be hardened while rotating the flame with respect to the surface to be coated to uniformly distribute the heat to the entire surface. This process has been carried out with some degree of success but has not proved entirely satisfactory in every instance, apparently because the application of heat to the surface to be hardened has not been entirely uniform.
An object of this invention is to provide a process for surface hardening solid metallic bodies wherein substantially all of the area to be hard- .ened is subjected to continuous heating while the heater and work piece are moved with respect to each other in a rotational sense with the work piece serving as the center of rotation and in a reciprocal sense along a straightline. I
Still a further object is to'provide a process for surface hardening solid metallic bodiessuch --as roller cutter bits wherein a granular hard substance is bonded to the surface to be hardened by playing flame continuously oversubstantially the entire surface to be hardened while moving the flame with respect'to each other as if the body were rotated about an axis passing through the body and reciprocated along a straight line. Yet another object is to provide a process for surface hardening roller cutter bits wherein a flame is played over substantially the entire area of the 2 surface to be hardened while the flame and the body are moved with respect to each other as if the body were rotated about its axis and reciprocated along such axis.
Other and further objects to this invention will appear from the description.
In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the instant specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith and wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the various views:
Fig. 1 is a schematic fra mentary side elevational view of apparatus embodying this invention with parts shown in section for added clarity:
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view with parts in section of the apparatus shown in Fig. l. The process of applying hard surfacing material in accordance with this invention includes the steps of securing the hard surfacing material to the metal surface to which it is to be applied. A binder of glue-like substance is employed to retain the surfacing material upon the surface to be hardened and the oil, water or other liquid vehicle is driven from the surface by suitable preliminary heating. The coated surface is then heated, preferably with a gas flame, while the surface and the flame are kept moving with respect to each other as if the body to be surface hardened were rotated about an axis through the body and reciprocated along a straight line passing therethrough. During this heat ng operation. heat rays emanating from the surface under treatment are intercepted by a light or heat ray sensitive element and the flame is controlled in accordance with the intensity of such intercepted heat rays so as to turn off the flame, when the intensity of the heat rays reaches a value which indicates that the surface to be heated has reached the desired temperature at which the hard surfacing material becomes bonded to 'th surface of the body treated.
Any suitable flame may be employed so long as it is given a configuration, such that it will heat the metal surface to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied, and the body-of metal adjacent such surface substantially evenly and uniformly. It is desirable that the surface to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied be heated to a temperature somewhat higher thanthe remainder of the body on which it is carried, but no great differential is required.
It has been found that the uniformness of application of heat to the surface to be treated is unexpectedly increased when the surface to be treated is not only rotated with respect to the flame but is also reciprocated somewhat along a straight line, preferably the axis of rotation. At any rate, it has been found that the end result of the hardening treatment is improved by this reciprocal movement and it is believed that this is due to greater uniformity in heating so that substantially the entire area to be hardened will reach the desired temperature simultaneously without overheating any portion of it.
Where the member to be treated is a roller cutter of an earth drill bit which has an axis about which the parts to be surfaced are distributed more or less regularly, it is desirable that the means for moving the surface with respect to the flame be in the form of a spindle which may be used to rotate the member and which may be axially reciprocated. I
Referring more particularly to the drawings, an apparatus capable of carrying out the process described is illustrated diagrammatically, and in this instance the body to which the hard surfacing material is to be applied is in the form of aro'ller cutter I for an earth drill bit. This cutter has radially extending teeth 2 on its outer periphery and in the usual course of procedure in manufacturing these cutters, it is desired that one flank 3 of each such tooth be provided with a hard surface as by the application of tungsten carbide thereto and the bonding of *the tungsten carbide to the metal of the cutter.
The cutter is mounted upon a spindle or work piece holder 4 for rotation thereby and is'secured upon this spindle by means of a cap screw 5 and washerlfi The speed of rotation is not critical but it has been found that a speed of between 25 and 300 R. P.'M. is suitable for the purpose of surfacing the teeth of the cutter of 6 to 8 inches in diameter.
Shaft 4 is journaled in a support 50'and preferably has a ball bearing mounting therein. The
rotated and moved axially at the same time.
The mechanism for imparting axial movement to the shaft includes bar 54 pivoted to a support at 55 and :having at one end a roller which operates in groove 4b at the upper end of shaft 4. The-other end of bar '54 is connected to crank 56 by crank arm or link '51; The crank is secured to the shaft or rotatable member 58, by a suitable bolt. Member .58 may be rotated by-a suitable prime mover not shown in the drawings. With this arrangement it will be readily understood tha't'rotation of 'member 58 will effect axial reciprocation of the work holder or shaft '4 to reciprocally shift the work piece 'I along a straight line, which, in this instance, is the axis for rotation of the'work-p'i'ece.
On each side of the cutter, as mounted upon the spindle 4, there is shown in the illustration suitable supports 1 and 8, similar to a lathe bed,
and adapted to receive supports 9 and Ill mounted forsliding movement toward and away from the spindle 4. The supports '9 and I9 are hollow, and connected with the hollow chamber thus formed in the support'9 are conduits [I and 12 for conveying to -such chamber a combustible fuel such as acetylene gas or the like and, if necessary, oxygen for supporting combustion. Similarly conduits l3 and I4 are connected to the hollow interior of support 10 for supplying a combustible mixture thereto.
Support 9 carries a large burner head [5 and on lateral arms extending from the burner head are carried relatively small auxiliary burner heads l6 and I1. Burner head I5 is positioned to direct a flame radially inwardly toward cutter teeth 2. The auxiliary burner heads are positioned to direct a flame against opposite sides of the body of the cutter adjacent the roots of teeth 2. The auxiliary burner heads are supported from a large burner head and form part thereof by means of hollow arms l8 and I9, respectively.
.Arm It] carries a large burner head 20 directly opposed to the burner head and positioned to direct a flame radially inwardly toward the teeth 2. Auxiliary burner heads 2! and 22 are carried by head and are positioned on opposite sides of the cutter body adjacent the roots of teeth 2.
These auxiliary burner heads are supported by hollow arms .23 and 24, the mounting being similar to that of the mounting of the auxiliary heads 1-6 and IT.
' In order to prevent the back dash of flame into the burner heads, where gas such as acetylene, is employed, there is built into each burner head aflame arrester structure which is preferably .cooledby water .or the like. This coolant is applied to large burner head l5 through conduits 25 to heater 20 through conduits 26 and auxiliary burner heads IE, IT, 2| .and 22 .by conzduits .21, .28, .29 and 38, respectively.
Burner head I 5 is provided with burner tips '31, preferably adjustable, and arranged somewhat in the form of an arc to increase the uniformity of the application of heat to the teeth of the cutter. Large burner head 20 is provided with tips .32, having a like arrangement. Auxiliary burner heads [6, l1, 2| and 22 are provided respectively with burner tips 33, 34, .35 and 36. These latter tips are adjusted to such a position that they will apply heat to those portions of the body adjacent-to the teeth at a rate which willheat such portions of the body of the. cutter at substantially the same rate that the teeth are heated. The opposed tips 33 and 34, 35 and 36 are spaced sufficiently far apart to permit the slight reciprocal movement of the work piece along its axis.
It will be seen that with this arrangement of burner tips that flanks 3 of cutter teeth 2, as well as adjacent cutter surfaces, will be substantially uniformly heated, the rotational and reciprocal movement between the flame and cutter adding to. the uniformity of heat distribution over the surfaces to be treated.
Thesupply of gas and oxygen through conduits I l [2, I3 and i4 may be manually controlled by suitable valves such as 31 and 38 and additionally are controlled in accordance with this invention by means of an automatic valve 39 which may be of any suitable well-knowntype such as the slide valve-illustrated having a double ported slide 40 therein. It-will beseen that this slide 40 is constantly urged toward its right hand position by spring 4| and when in its right hand position, it will shut off the supply of oxygen and gas to all burners. This valve is intended to be moved to its left hand or open position, in which it is illustrated, by a suitable electromagnet 42 to which power is supplied from a suitable source such as the battery 43. The supply of this power to member 42 'iscontrolled by a relay having a switch arm M and an electromagnet'45, or by any other 5.. conventional device for closing and opening the battery circuit in response to changes in voltage supplied thereto. With the switch arm in illustrated position, electromagnet 42 will beenergized and the valve 39 opened, but when sufflcient current flows through the electromagnet 45, relay arm 44 will be moved to the right and the circuit to the electromagnet 42 opened permitting the spring 4| to close valve 39 and shut off the flames.
The current for electromagnet 45 is supplied by thermopile 46, within a suitable housing 41, and properly positioned, with respect to lens 48 so that heat rays emanating from the teeth of cutter I will be focused upon thermopile 46. This thermopile may be incorporated in a closed circuit, including magnet 45 and recording indicator or ammeter 49. Ammeter 49 may be calibrated in terms of the temperature of that part of the cutter surface from which the heat rays intercepted by the thermopile emanate.
A specific example of this invention has to do with the coating over of the flanks 3 of the teeth of roller cutter l for earth drilling bits with granular tungsten carbide. In this example the surfaces desired to be coated are first covered or painted with a pasty water glass solution and the tungsten carbide in granular form with grains of the size to be applied to the surfaces of the teeth, is sprinkled upon the sodium silicate coating. The sodium silicate with the granular material embedded therein is then thoroughly dried, and while under some circumstances it may be sufficiently dried in air, preferably where the later heat treatment is to be rapid the sodium silicate is subjected to substantial heat in order to drive off as much of the absorbed moisture and water crystallization as possible.
In order to prevent flaking of the binder from the covered surfaces during the drying of the binder, the heating should be from the body outwardly. By this means the moisture on the inner portion of the binder is first driven off before the outer coating becomes substantially solidified facilitating escape of the volatilized vehicle. This may be accomplished by use of infrared rays directed upon the body or cutter. The proper drying may also be accomplished in an oven employing an induction heater to heat the body of the cutter.
The dried and covered cutter is then placed upon spindle 4 and secured in place by cap screw 5 and washer 6. The various burners are started and spindle 4 is rotated and reciprocated axially whereby the heat from the flames is uniformly distributed to the surface of the cutter to be heated.
The heat rays from the cutter teeth, which will heat a little faster and hence are always at a slightly higher temperature than the body of the cutter, will pass from the teeth just as they emerge from the flame of one of the large burners and will be focused by lens 48 upon thermopile 46. The thermopile and relay coil 45 are proportioned so the current from thermopile 46 will not actuate the relay until the intensity of the heat rays intercepted by the thermopile corresponds to the intensity of such rays when the surfaces of teeth 2 will just begin to alloy with the tungsten carbide and fuse along that part thereof which is in contact with the tungsten car bide. When this temperature of the teeth surface is reached relay 45 will automatically .open to de-energize electromagnet 42, whereby spring 4| will move valve member 40 to its closed position, cuttin'g'ofi the source cf'combustible 'mix-' The cutter is then permitted drous sodium silicate serves asra binder to retain the tungsten carbide particles upon the cutter teeth while the metal of the cutter teeth reaches its requisite temperature for the bonding of the tungsten carbide materials thereto. I
It will'be appreciated that by this invention a process of applying hard surfacing material to a metal surface has been provided wherein it is possible to accurately control the application of heat to the metal surface and wherein the surfaces treated will be uniformly heated due to the arrangement of burner jets and the rotational and axial reciprocal movement of the work piece. By maintaining the flames employed in the heating operation as reduction flames the surface of the cutter will not be excessively burned or oxidized.
It is to be understood that while this process is especially adapted to the hard surfacing of the teeth of rotary cutter for earth drilling bits, the process and apparatus of this invention are not limited to such use but may be employed in many other types of work where it is desired to surface harden material wherein the application of heat is relied upon and must be uniformly distributed over the surface treated.
Having described the invention, what is claimed 1s:
1. The process of applying hard surfacing material to the teeth of a rotary metal cutter for an earth drilling bit, which comprises covering the teeth with a pasty sodium silicate solution, embedding hard surfacing material in a granular form upon the covered surface, heating the sodium silicate by heating th metal of the cutter and utilizing the heat radiating from the metal of the cutter to drive substantially all of the liquid vehicle from the sodium silicate, rotating the cutter and axially reciprocating the cutter while playing a flame upon said teeth, impinging the heat waves emanating from said cutter teeth onto an electric heat responsive element thereby indicating an electric voltage proportional and representative of the intensity of said heat waves, and stopping the heating of the cutter when said electric voltage attains a predetermined value indicating the temperature of the surface of the cutter teeth, at which the metal of the surface forms a bond with the hard surfacing material.
2. The process of applying granular tungsten carbide to a surface of a metallic body, which comprises covering the surface to be hardened with a binder comprising a pasty sodium silicate solution, embedding the hard surfacing material in granular form in the binder cover-ing, applying infrared heat rays to said body to drive substantially all the moisture from the binder solution, rotating the body and axially reciprocating the body while playing a source of heat upon said body to heat the surface thereof, impinging the heat waves emanating from said body surface onto an electric heat responsive element thereby indicating an electric voltage proportional and representative of the intensity of said heat waves and stopping the heating of the body surface when the intensity of said heat waves reaches a. 1.8.1116; indicating; that; the temperature: of the Number the-point ail-which: the,:meta1 of the 1,902,092. surf-ace; W111 become;- bonded; with; the; tungsten. 2043,7211 carbide. $215,576; CHARLES. H. 5 2258394 2,261,228 REEERENCES GIT-ED 2377 541 The following references are of record: in the 5, file of this patent: l0
UNITED STATES. PATENTS 2326103 Number Name Date 2,416,1 I
1,149,917 Jamison et, a1. Aug. 10., 1915 1,280,889 Spang Oct. 8,, 19-18 1,575,635 Meker Mar. 9, 1926 15' Number 1,735,000 Dely- Nov. 12,,1929 540,270 1,824,121: Charlton Sept. 22,1931 596,626
Name; Date,- N0rwood\ Mar. 21-, 1933 wagenhals June 9,1936 Bucknamt e1: a1; Sept. 24, 1940; Janco: 00's., 14,. 1941 Cockrum Nov; 4,,51941 MerIub-Sobel' et a1. Mar. 24', 1942 wissler" Sept. 15', 1942 Wagner Nov. 10, 1942' Quinn June 15; 1943 Snyder Aug. 10, 1943 Beck Feb. 18, 1947' FOREIGN PATENTS" Country Date GreatBritaJin- Oct. 10-, 1941 Great? Britain Jan. 7, 1-948

Claims (1)

1. THE PROCESS OF APPLYING HARD SURFACING MATERIAL TO THE TEETH OF A ROTARY METAL CUTTER FOR AN EARTH DRILLING BIT, WHICH COMPRISES COVERING THE TEETH WITH A PASTY SODIUM SILICATE SOLUTION, EMBEDDING HARD SURFACING MATERIAL IN A GRANULAR FORM UPON THE COVERED SURFACE, HEATING THE SODIUM SILICATE BY HEATING THE METAL OF THE CUTTER AND UTILIZING THE HEAT RADIATING FROM THE METAL OF THE CUTTER TO DRIVE SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THE LIQUID VEHICLE FROM THE SODIUM SILICATE, ROTATING THE CUTTER AND AXIALLY RECIPROCATING THE CUTTER WHILE PLAYING A FLAME UPON SAID TEETH, IMPINGING THE HEAT WAVES EMANATING FROM SAID CUTTER TEETH ONTO AN ELECTRIC HEAT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT THEREBY INDICATING AN ELECTRIC VOLTAGE PROPORTIONAL AND REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INTENSITY OF SAID HEAT WAVES, AND STOPPING THE HEATING OF THE CUTTER WHEN SAID ELECTRIC VOLTAGE ATTAINS A PREDETERMINED VALUE INDICATING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE CUTTER TEETH, AT WHICH THE METAL OF THE SURFACE FORMS A BOND WITH THE HARD SURFACING MATERIAL.
US10974A 1948-02-26 1948-02-26 Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies Expired - Lifetime US2626221A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10974A US2626221A (en) 1948-02-26 1948-02-26 Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10974A US2626221A (en) 1948-02-26 1948-02-26 Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2626221A true US2626221A (en) 1953-01-20

Family

ID=21748308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10974A Expired - Lifetime US2626221A (en) 1948-02-26 1948-02-26 Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2626221A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820375A (en) * 1954-12-22 1958-01-21 Owens Illinois Glass Co Forming glass molding tools
US2901826A (en) * 1957-01-31 1959-09-01 Edgar A Kline Dental cutting tool
US3013621A (en) * 1958-07-08 1961-12-19 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Scraper for rock bit cutter
US3299853A (en) * 1964-01-16 1967-01-24 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for coating elongated objects
US3451173A (en) * 1966-02-17 1969-06-24 Carlson Tool & Machine Co Abrasive element for finishing paint brushes or the like
US3513728A (en) * 1967-06-28 1970-05-26 Dresser Ind Method for manufacturing apparatus useful in an abrasive environment
EP0131045A1 (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-01-16 Sermatech International Inc. Surface modified powder metal parts and methods for making same
US11641553B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2023-05-02 SeeScan, Inc. Magnetic field canceling audio devices

Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1149917A (en) * 1914-12-09 1915-08-10 Link Belt Co Pin-annealing machine.
US1280889A (en) * 1918-04-25 1918-10-08 Ferdinand J Spang Heating and soaking furnace.
US1575635A (en) * 1925-02-17 1926-03-09 Meker Georges Antony Henri Apparatus for casehardening small objects
US1735000A (en) * 1928-04-19 1929-11-12 Chemical Res & Designing Corp Copper coating
US1824121A (en) * 1930-07-22 1931-09-22 Wilcox Rich Corp Open-bottom furnace organization
US1902092A (en) * 1931-03-10 1933-03-21 Electro Metallurg Co Production of castings with coatings composed of high-chromium alloys
US2043720A (en) * 1933-11-25 1936-06-09 Rca Corp Thermionic cathode heater and method of making it
US2215576A (en) * 1936-05-23 1940-09-24 Linde Air Prod Co Control system for hardening and similar operations
GB540270A (en) * 1940-06-12 1941-10-10 Ernest Adalbert Pokorny Hard facing of metals
US2258894A (en) * 1940-05-13 1941-10-14 Reed Roller Bit Co Method of hard surfacing metal bodies
US2261228A (en) * 1939-09-25 1941-11-04 Hughes Tool Co Method of applying hard facing to tools
US2277654A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-03-24 William L Ulmer Metallic bonding process
US2295702A (en) * 1939-09-01 1942-09-15 Haynes Stellite Co Method of and apparatus for applying metal coatings
US2301763A (en) * 1940-08-03 1942-11-10 Haynes Stellite Co Method and apparatus for applying metal coatings
US2321937A (en) * 1939-12-21 1943-06-15 Johns Manville Coated product and method of making same
US2326403A (en) * 1941-10-11 1943-08-10 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Method of and apparatus for hard facing
US2416161A (en) * 1942-06-12 1947-02-18 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Heating flame regulation
GB596626A (en) * 1945-07-31 1948-01-07 Glacier Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to materials for bearing surfaces

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1149917A (en) * 1914-12-09 1915-08-10 Link Belt Co Pin-annealing machine.
US1280889A (en) * 1918-04-25 1918-10-08 Ferdinand J Spang Heating and soaking furnace.
US1575635A (en) * 1925-02-17 1926-03-09 Meker Georges Antony Henri Apparatus for casehardening small objects
US1735000A (en) * 1928-04-19 1929-11-12 Chemical Res & Designing Corp Copper coating
US1824121A (en) * 1930-07-22 1931-09-22 Wilcox Rich Corp Open-bottom furnace organization
US1902092A (en) * 1931-03-10 1933-03-21 Electro Metallurg Co Production of castings with coatings composed of high-chromium alloys
US2043720A (en) * 1933-11-25 1936-06-09 Rca Corp Thermionic cathode heater and method of making it
US2215576A (en) * 1936-05-23 1940-09-24 Linde Air Prod Co Control system for hardening and similar operations
US2295702A (en) * 1939-09-01 1942-09-15 Haynes Stellite Co Method of and apparatus for applying metal coatings
US2261228A (en) * 1939-09-25 1941-11-04 Hughes Tool Co Method of applying hard facing to tools
US2321937A (en) * 1939-12-21 1943-06-15 Johns Manville Coated product and method of making same
US2277654A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-03-24 William L Ulmer Metallic bonding process
US2258894A (en) * 1940-05-13 1941-10-14 Reed Roller Bit Co Method of hard surfacing metal bodies
GB540270A (en) * 1940-06-12 1941-10-10 Ernest Adalbert Pokorny Hard facing of metals
US2301763A (en) * 1940-08-03 1942-11-10 Haynes Stellite Co Method and apparatus for applying metal coatings
US2326403A (en) * 1941-10-11 1943-08-10 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Method of and apparatus for hard facing
US2416161A (en) * 1942-06-12 1947-02-18 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Heating flame regulation
GB596626A (en) * 1945-07-31 1948-01-07 Glacier Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to materials for bearing surfaces

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820375A (en) * 1954-12-22 1958-01-21 Owens Illinois Glass Co Forming glass molding tools
US2901826A (en) * 1957-01-31 1959-09-01 Edgar A Kline Dental cutting tool
US3013621A (en) * 1958-07-08 1961-12-19 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Scraper for rock bit cutter
US3299853A (en) * 1964-01-16 1967-01-24 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for coating elongated objects
US3451173A (en) * 1966-02-17 1969-06-24 Carlson Tool & Machine Co Abrasive element for finishing paint brushes or the like
US3513728A (en) * 1967-06-28 1970-05-26 Dresser Ind Method for manufacturing apparatus useful in an abrasive environment
EP0131045A1 (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-01-16 Sermatech International Inc. Surface modified powder metal parts and methods for making same
US11641553B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2023-05-02 SeeScan, Inc. Magnetic field canceling audio devices

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2626221A (en) Process of applying hard surfacing material to metal bodies
US2301763A (en) Method and apparatus for applying metal coatings
US2089040A (en) Grinding machine and method of grinding
CA2021385A1 (en) Apparatus for heat treating contaminated particulate material
US2229405A (en) Welding method
US4019011A (en) Method of and apparatus for hard facing poppet valves
US5593707A (en) Auger conveyor assembly for heating and feeding polymer coated powder to the shuttle of a compacting press
US7559991B2 (en) Apparatus for coating engine valves with protective coatings and curing the coatings using infrared radiation
US3048061A (en) Ceramic coated bushings and allied products
US2365259A (en) Coating apparatus
US2326403A (en) Method of and apparatus for hard facing
JPH0760621A (en) Dry grinding work method and device
JP6387916B2 (en) Method and apparatus for hardening steel surface
EP0017499A1 (en) Heating apparatus
JP3512389B2 (en) Water supply structure of road cutting blade
US2409240A (en) Dressing mechanism
US2318166A (en) Portable drill
US2792211A (en) Apparatus for heating and quenching metal parts
GB303196A (en) Improvements in or relating to the method of hardening metal surfaces
US2578248A (en) Apparatus for hard surfacing blast furnace bells and hoppers
US2534127A (en) Method of manufacturing vitrified grinding wheels
US2216567A (en) Centrifuging electrically heated furnace
CN214598920U (en) Wax melting device
JPS6029443Y2 (en) Dryer for asphalt waste material
US2876732A (en) Apparatus for depositing an annular metal coating upon a work-piece