US2625164A - Permanent waving device - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 13, 1953 THRESA PAZUL 2,625,164

' NOW BY CHANGE OF NAME TERRI MARIE PAZUL PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Filed Jan. 4, 1949 2 SHEETS-r-SHEET 1 21 Z9 11 6 46 a4 a5 w J3 awe/whoa,

Til/PESA PAZUL N0 8) CHANGE OF AIME TERR/ HER/E PAZUL ATTORN EYS THRESA PAZUL 2,625,154 NOW BY CHANGE OF NAME TERRI MARIE PAZUL PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Jan. 13, 1953 Filed Jan. 4, 1949 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Tl/REJA PAZUL NOW BY (WA/V65 0/-' NAME TERR/ MAR/E PAZl/L kw z zz ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 13, 1953 OFFICE" PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Thresa Pazul, Berwyn, Ill.,-now by change of name Terri Marie Pazul Application January 4, 1949, Serial'No. 69,214

3 Claims. 1 This invention relates to a permanent waving device and method of wavinghair.

In the usual permanent waving of hair, it is the common practice to apply heat to curls 'saturated with a suitable permanent waving lotion.

In forming the curls thus heated, individual flat strands of hair are placedbetween spacers arranged close to the scalp whereuponthe spacers are brought into clamping engagement to hold the spacers in position. It is then necessary for the operator to straighten out the strand of hair, apply a turn or more of the end of the strand around a roller, then rotate the roller to wind up the hair thereon, and thus move the roller into proximity to the spacer. The roller, in accordance with conventional accepted practice, is rotated so that the bottom of the roller turns toward the head, and when the roller comes into predetermined engagement with the spacer, most devices of this character provide for an extra partial turn of the roller whereupon the latter becomes locked in engagement with the spacer to hold the hair curled until after the application of heat thereto for a predetermined length of time.

Such devices are reasonably satisfactory in operation. However, they are disadvantageous in several ways.' In the first place, the rollers and spacers are wholly separate units completely independent of each other until a strand of hair has been completely rolled as stated. This fact requires many separate independent movements of the operators hands in manipulating both the spacer and the roller thus requiring a considerable length of time for the formation of the curls. Moreover, the quite numerous separate operations are very tiring to the operator.

With conventional devices, the turning under of each strand of hair as it is curled requires the setting of the curls usually by reversing the direction of the curl in performin the setting operation. This is also quit a time-consuming operation.

I have found that innately beautiful curls can be formed solely through the permanent waving operation without subsequent setting by 'form ing the curls through the rotation of the roller with the top thereof moving toward instead of away from the head. With such method, it merely is necessary after the completion of the permanent waving operation and thewashing of the hair to remove the waving solution, to run a comb through the hair whereupon the latter takes a natural curl as desired without any subsequent setting operation.

I have also found that it is wholly unnecessary to make the spacer and roller as separate units and an important object of the present invention is to form these units as a single unit thus greatly facilitating the application of the device to the hair and substantially reducing the number of operations necessary, reducing the time necessary for completely preparing thehair for the heating operation, and very materially reducing operator fatigue incident-to a permanent waving operation.

A further object is'to provide a novel combined hair spacer and curl roller of such character that both devices can be simultaneously placed in position on the head with substantially no more labor than is involved in the application of the usual roller alone.

A further object is to provide a novel combination of the character referred to wherein the spacer travels with the roller, but not in clamping or gripping engagement with the hair during the rotation of the roller to form the curl, the'spacer serving as a handle to facilitate holdin the device while a strand of hair is being rolled.

' A further object is to provide such a device wherein the roller and spacer form a'permanent unit with the roller permanently journaled relative to the spacer to facilitate the formation of individual curls, and to provide a. novel form of locking means for fixing the roller against reverse rotation after a curl has been formed thereon. I I

A further object is to provide a device of the character just referred to wherein the locking means for the roller is of a'novei type 'so that the operator may instantly ompietuy' release the roller from locking engagement with the spacer for the rapid unrolling of the curl and the removal of the device from the hair.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the course of the following description.

In the drawing, I have shown one embodiment of the invention. In this showing,

Figure 1 is a perspective viewshowing thedevice in solid lines in the position of the parts adjacent the head and with the device shown in dotted lines with the parts in the positions they will occupy when the curl-forming operation is initiated.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the device, parts being shown in section, V

Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the'device,

Figure 4 is a top face view of the'deviceshowing the movable spacer arm open and showin the clamping device for such arm in solid lines in the unlocked position and in dotted lines in the locked position,

Figure 5 is a detailed sectional view on line 55 of Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a similar view on line 5-6 of Fi ure 4,

Figure 7 is a similar view on line 'l--'| of Figure 4, and

Figure 8 is an enlarged side elevation looking from the side of the device opposite that shown in Figure 2.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 50 designates the spacer device as a whole and the numeral ll designates the curl-forming roller device as a whole, these two devices being combined into a single unit as described in detail below.

The spacer It comprises a stationary arm 14 having lateral projections 15 and 16 (Figure 3) at its respective ends. A swinging arm H is pivoted as at IE to the projection 15, and the arm 11 accordingly being capable of swinging toward and away from the stationary arm l4. The arms l4 and [1' are provided with relatively thick split rubber or similar jackets 18a of approximately G-shape in cross-section (Figure '7) snapped around the arms 14 and H.

The free end of the arm i1 is adapted to be clamped in operative position in proximity to the arm I4, that is, in the position shown in solid lines in Figure 1 and in Figure 7. For this purpose, the free end of the arm I! is slightly cut away as "at 20 for engagement with a cam 2| carried by :a small lever arm 22 pivotally connected to the projection 16 as at 23.

The ends of the arm l4 and the respective projections l5 and i6 carry outstanding ears 2B and 29 respectively forming bearings for a wave roller or curling rod 30. The roller 30 per se is of the conventional type and is provided with the usual hair holding arm 31 pivoted thereto as at 32. One end of the roller is provided with a preferably integral axial extension 33 journaled in the bearing car 28. The opposite end of the roller is provided with a screw 34 threaded in the roller and having a smooth projecting end journaled in the bearing ear 29. The ends of the roller 30 inwardly of the extension 33 and screw 34 are larger than such extension and screw formin shoulders, the distance between the shoulders being substantially less than the distance between the bearings to permit limited axial movement of the curling rod relative to the spacer for a purpose to be described. The roller is preferably lightly knurled intermediate its ends as at 35 to facilitate the starting of the turning of a strand of hair about the roller.

A collar is preferably driven on the end of the roller 30 adjacent the ear 28 and is provided in its outer edge with ratchet teeth 4|. The ear '28 is provided with an inwardly turned stationary pawl 42 (Figures 2, 4, 6 and 8) engageable with the ratchet teeth 4!. Attention is invited to the fact that the roller 30 is provided with endwise play or axial sliding movement whereby the ratchet teeth are engageable with the pawl 42 as shown in Figure 8 or are completely releasable therefrom upon slight endwise movement of the roller as shown in Figures 2 and 4. Axial movement of the roller or rod 30 in a direction to release the ratchet teeth from the pawl 42 is limited by engagement of the shoulder thereon at the end opposite the ratchet teeth with the adj'a-cent bearing. It is particularly noted that no biasing means is employed for holding the pawl and ratchet teeth in engagement, the bringing into engagement of these elements being a manual function of the operator. For this purpose, and for the purpose of conveniently rotating the roller, the axial projection 33 is provided with a handle 45 fitted into a slot 46 in the projection 33 and fixed in position by a screw 41.

Operation Particular attention is invited to the fact that the present device is unitary as distinguished from the conventional practice of forming the hair spacer and the roller as separate units. To assemble these units, the axial projection, without the handle 45 attached thereto and without the screw 34 in position, is inserted endwise through the opening in the ear 28. There is sufficient play in this opening to permit the roller 30 to assume the angular position necessary for the assembling operation referred to. The roller 30 then has its ends swung downwardly to the normal position shown in Figure 2, whereupon the screw 34 is inserted and tightened. The handle 45 is then attached in the obvious manner, whereupon the device is permanently assembled.

When the device is to be used, the arm I? is swung outwardly from the stationary arm 14, and the hair-holding device 3! is swung away from the rod or roller. The right hand end of the device, as viewed in Figure 4, is held in such position that the member 31 is held between the forefinger and thumb while the stationary bar In is held between the fore and middle fingers. A strand of hair, saturated with the permanent waving solution, is held in the left hand passing between the index and middle fingers and the end of the strand of hair is held between the thumb and ring finger. The strand of hair is passed through the opening formed between the stationary and movable arms 14 and H (Figure 4), and holding the hair as described above, the end of the strand is placed on the rod or roller 3!] and held securely by the index finger of the right hand and the thumb of th left hand. The thumb of the right hand then moves the clamping bar 31 toward the rod to secure the hair thereon.

The rod or roller 30 and the hair clamp 3| are held between the thumb and index finger of the left hand and the stationary frame is held against the inner portion of the third and fourth fingers of the left hand. The index finger of the right hand is on the clamping bar 3!, as previously described, holding this element in engagement with the strand of hair. The right hand thumb then raises the lowered arm ll substantially to a closed but not locking or clamping position.

With the left hand in the position just described above, the curling rod 30 is then turned in an upward or natural curling direction for a few turns, namely in a clockwise direction as viewed from the right hand end of Figure 4. This operation initially takes place with the ratchet and pawl disengaged. After the initial few turns the operator pulls the handl 45 toward the right as viewed in Figure 4 to engage the ratchet 4 with the pawl 42. The operator now changes the position of the right hand to place the middle third and little fingers on the top of the stationary bar it. The left hand thumb then brings the arm 22 downwardly from the solid line position in Figure 4 to a substantially vertical position.

The hair is then wound bycontinuing the rotation of the handle 45 until the left hand fingers atthe back of the device I!) contact the head.

With the hands still in the same position, the left hand thumb moves the arm 22 inwardly to the locking position shown in dotted lines in Figure 4, thereby firmly locking the device It! in engagement with the hair strand adjacent the head. The final tension is then laced on the hair by turning the handle" 4'5 to move the ratchet 4| one-or two notches over thepawl 42. The rod or roller 39 will then belocked inits final position.

Heat is then applied to the hair in any desired manner for the usual length of time. Thereafter, the removal of the devic from the hair is very simply accomplished. The operator pushes the handle 45 toward the left, instantly disengaging the ratchet teeth M from the pawl 42. The arm 22 is then swung to the unlocked position shown in solid lines in Figure 4 whereupon the arm I! is lowered. The ntire device is then moved away from the head as a unit, the curling rod being wholly free to rotate throughout such operation.

During the entire operation of the present device, the operators hands remain in close proximity to the unit, thus saving many motions which ordinarily have to be carried out with devices of this character. With conventional devices, a strand of hair must be combed out and the clamping or spacing unit corresponding to the device I0 is placed in position adjacent the head and locked in position. This must be accomplished by the use of both of the operators hands, it being necessary to drop the strand of hair while looking the device in position. The operator must then pick up the curling rod, again pick up the strand of hair, and possibly have to comb it out straight, whereupon the hair is initially turned around the roller and both hands of the operator used to rotate the roller toward the head to bring it into engagement with the previously applied spacer device. Thus the placing of the two devices in final operative position requires separate and distinct operations which are far more timeccnsuming and tiring than with the present device. Both hands of the operator conventionally are needed to rotate the curling rod, the fingers of the two hands alternately applying a rotating force to the rod. With the present device, th operator merely holds the device It with the left hand while turning the handle through succesive motions, the ratchet device holding the curling rod in successive positions to which it is turned. This operation is much simpler than in conventional devices wherein there is no means present to support the curling rod and to prevent its reverse rotation while being wound up toward the head.

It also will be noted that the removal of the present device is a simple and quickly accomplished step. It merely is necessary to release the ratchet and release the arm I! whereupon the performance of the single motion of moving the device away from the head disengages it from the hair. With conventional devices, it is necessary to manually release a ratchet or other holding means, move the unsupported curling rod away from the hair while holding the rod with the fingers of both hands until the rod is completely removed from the hair. The operator then must place the curling rod on a table and then go back to the head to release the device corresponding to the present device l0.

It will be obvious, therefore, that with conventional devices it is necessary for the operator .6 to perform man-y more hand motions than with the present device'because of the numerous'-addi tional steps required. It has' been found with the present device that the hair can be prepared for the application of heat in much less time and the device may be removed after the application of heat in a much shorter-time than is conventionally required, and with very much less fatigue to the operator.

It also will be particularly noted that, looking from the rightha'nd end of the device in Figure 4, the roller or rod 30 is turned in a clockwise direction in winding up the hair. That is, the bottom of the rod-turns upwardly andoutwardly away from the head, which is the reverse of the direction of rotation conventionally used with devices of this character. Conventional devices are turned in the opposite direction, and after the curls have been formed, it is necessary to set the hair usually reversing the direction of turning of the curls. The method of curling the hair with the present device is such that after the curling operation has been completed and the waving solution washed from the hair, it merely is necessary to dry the hair and comb it out and the waving of the hair is completed.

I claim:

1. A permanent waving device comprising a hair strand engaging spacer, bearing supports on said spacer provided with circular bearing openings, a curling rod having portions thereonpermanently rotatably mounted in said openings, and interengaging means on said rod and spacer for preventing rotation of said rod in one direction, the ends of said rod inwardly of said portions being larger than said portions forming shoulders, the distance between said shoulders being substantially less than the distance between said :bearing supports to permit limited axial movement of said rod relative to said spacer for engaging and disengaging said interengaging means.

2. A permanent waving device comprising a spacer having a relatively stationary arm and a relatively movable arm, means secured to the spacer for locking said movable arm relative to said stationary arm to grip a strand of hair between said arms, bearings carried by said stationary arm and provided with circular bearing openings, a curling rod permanently rotatably mounted in said bearing openings, interengageable means on said rod and one of said bearings for preventing rotation of said rod in one direction, said rod being axially slidable in said bearing openings whereby said interengageable means may be moved into and out of engagement, and means on said rod engageable with one of said bearings to limit axial movement thereof when said interengaging means are moved out of engagement.

3. A permanent waving device comprising a spacer having a relatively stationary arm including lateral projections at its ends, a movable arm pivotally connected to one of said lateral projections for swinging movement toward and away from said stationary arm, a locking cam pivotally connected to the other of said projections and movable to locking position holding the adjacent end of said movable arm in proximity to arms having resilient hair-engaging elements exsaid stationary arm, the adjacent edges of said tending therealong, spaced bearings carried by and fixed to the ends of said stationary arm and provided with circular bearing openings, a curling rod having circular axial projections at its ends permanently journaled in said bearing openings, interengaging means on said rod and one of said bearings for preventing rotation of said rod in one direction, said rod being axially slidable in said bearing openings whereby said interengageable means may be moved into and out of engagement, and means on said rod engageable with one of said bearings to limit axial movement thereof when said interengaging means are moved out of engagement.

THRESA PAZUL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number Number 8 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Bonat Feb. 2, 1932 Decker Feb. 9, 1937 Santurello May 10, 1938 Flinn May 2, 1939 Snyder Dec. 9, 1941 Grant Aug. 3, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date France June 24, 1938

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