US2618762A - Target and circuit for storage tubes - Google Patents

Target and circuit for storage tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2618762A
US2618762A US588046A US58804645A US2618762A US 2618762 A US2618762 A US 2618762A US 588046 A US588046 A US 588046A US 58804645 A US58804645 A US 58804645A US 2618762 A US2618762 A US 2618762A
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target
gun
conductors
elements
storage tubes
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US588046A
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Jr Richard L Snyder
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/58—Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output
    • H01J31/60—Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output having means for deflecting, either selectively or sequentially, an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen
    • H01J31/62—Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output having means for deflecting, either selectively or sequentially, an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen with separate reading and writing rays

Definitions

  • Another object of the invention is to scan the put-on beam of a storage tube at a higher rate over the target than that of the take-off beam.
  • Another object is to scan the put-on beam over -the target to reduce the positive reference potential thereof with suppressed secondary emission in accordance with the received signal and to scan the take-off beam thereover to raise the potential to said reference potential by means of secondary emission.
  • Another object is to construct the storage tube target of a plurality of insulated conductors with arrangements for scanning both beams transversely across the conductors independently of each other.
  • Another object is to construct the storage tube target of a plurality of insulated conductors with arrangements for scanning the put-on beam' transversely across one region of the conductors and the take-01T beam transversely across another portion of the same conductors and at a different rate.
  • Figure l is a diagrammatic illustration of the tube.
  • Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the target and shield grids.
  • Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 vof Figure 2, viewed in the direction of the arrows.
  • the evacuated envelope and supporting structure of the elements in the tube are omitted, as these are well known and may be of any suitable material and design.
  • the top gun I in this gure may have the usual cathode 2 and ly enlarged for illustrative purposes.
  • This control member as usual, consists of a cylinder of metal having a minute orifice in its end. This opening is great-
  • the first anode 6 may be of standard metallic tubular con struction, having a small orifice in the end adjacent the gun and an internal wall having a suitable opening for constricting the beam the desired amount. Adjacent the remote end of the rst anode is positioned the second tubular anode l of somewhat larger diameter.
  • Spaced horizontal defiector plates 8, 9 are positioned in a wellknown way for horizontally scanning the beam across the target, the front plate being partially broken away to show the back one. A variable voltage, of saw-tooth form, is impressed between these plates to produce the horizontal motion of the beam, as well understood.
  • Spaced vertical deector plates I0, Il are used to position the beam on the desired horizontal line L.
  • the vertical deiiectors would have a constant direct current voltage.
  • Parallel shield plates I2, I3 are positioned in front of the upper part of the target.
  • the target consists of a sheet of insulation It. such as a thin sheet of mica, on which has been deposited parallel strips I5 of metal, for example silver, deposited by photographic process or by any other method.
  • the strips are relatively narrow and are preferably spaced apart a distance equal to three times their Width.
  • Metal shield grids I6, I1 are positioned at the top and bottom of the target and have prongs I8, I9 extending between the strips I5 and are preferably of the same width as the strips, so that they may be spaced therefrom a distance equal to their own width.
  • a signal plate 20 is positioned on the side of the mica plate remote from the gun and is connected to any desired indicating device 20', for example, the facsimile recorder disclosed in the patent of Charles J. Young, 1,848,862, March 8, 1932, though a visual indicator such as an oscilloscope may also be used.
  • the deflector plates and shields may have the same construction as in gun I and these parts have been given the same reference characters as similar heater 3.
  • Aroundthe cathode is the grid 4 for ones in upper gun l, except that the subscript a has been added thereto to distinguish the ones from the others. It will therefore be unnecessary to specifically refer to the parts.
  • This gun scans the beam 5a over the bottom of the target at the line L' extending across the strips I5.
  • enclosed in the evacuated envelope (not shown) are electrostatically separated by a central shield plate 22.
  • the cathodes of both guns may have a negative potential of 1,000 volts, the first anodes about -800 volts and the second anodes have the positive groundpotential.
  • the shields I2, I3 and I 8 may be voltsn'egative and the shields I2a,
  • Ila and IJ 100 volts positive.
  • One of the guns say the top gun I, will have a.
  • a signal pulse sent out at the startof each cycle of the saw-tooth generator 23 by a keyer and transmitter T, is reflected by aircraft, ships and other objects back to the receiver 24, in which the echoes are amplified and detected in 'These devices may be of any known type and are illustrated in block diagram.
  • I'l ⁇ antennae are preferably of the directional type. such as dipoles indicated.
  • the detected and amplified signals modulate the beam of gun I as it sweeps across the strips I5 along line L.
  • the diminishing of this charge occurs when the beam strikes these elements because the shields I2, I3 and I8 are negative relative to the floating elements and. therefore, suppress the emission of secondary electrons released by the impact of the beam.
  • 'I'he repeated scanning of the mosaic by this puton beam increases the charge due to signals on each successive cycle.
  • the charges induced by noise in the signal which does not occur at the same point in successive cycles is smoothed out.
  • the take-oil' and reproducing beam 5a of the lower gun recharges at each sweep the floating elements to a positive reference potential determined by the shields IZa, Ila and II.
  • the recharging is accomplished by means of secondary emission from the floating elements.
  • the beam 5a strikes the elements, it releases a preponderance of secondary electrons. These electrons are attracted by the positive fields of the shields until the potential lof the-elements rises to that of the shields.
  • Vthis occurs, acollecting field no longer exists around the elements and the secondary emissionratio falls to unity.
  • the reproducing beam v5a is sufficiently intense to over-ridge in one sweep any signals which may have been recorded by the beam 5 of the upper recording gun in its multiplicity of sweeps.
  • the take-off beam 5a recharges the strips I5 to reference potential, as just described, signals are impressed on recorder 20'. If the echoes or signals are from a moving object, such as an airplane, for example, they will be recorded as a diagonal line across the page of the facsimile recorder, but those from stationary objects will have unchanging phase and will be recorded in .vertical lines on the page. s
  • the storing and discharging of the signals may be opposite to that described, but the results are not so satisfactory.
  • the put-on beam is thus-used to scan the elements of the target in the region of a positive collecting ileld to impress a positive charge thereon by virtue of emission of secondary electrons and the take-off beam scans them in a negative field to charge the elements. to a negative potential, then the stored signal will vary with variations in secondary emission ratio from element to element in the storing process.
  • any variation in emission ratio is. however, not objectionable in the take-ofi' action, as the secondary emission ratio of theA elements is necessarily made greater than unity and the take-off beam is made strong enough to over-ride any charge impressed by the put-on beam.
  • a target consisting of a sheet of insulation, a multiplicity of electrically isolated conductors of relatively high secondary electron emissivity extending across said sheet, a shield grid at each end having prongs extending between the conductors and spaced therefrom, means for applying a higher voltage to one grid than to the other, means for scanning a beam at a predetermined rate across said conductors adjacent one grid and means for scanning'another beam across said conductors adjacent the other grid at a rate relatively lower than the first-mentioned rate.
  • a target consisting of a sheet of insulation, a multiplicity of electrically isolated conductors of relatively high secondary electron emissivity extending across said sheet, a shield grid at each end having prongs extending between the conductors and spaced therefrom, means for applying a higher voltage to one grid than the other, means for scanning a beam at a predetermined rate across said conductors adjacent one grid and means for scanning a beam across said conductors adjacent the Yother grid at a rate relatively lower than the RICHARD L. SNYDER, JR.

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  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Description

NOV. 18, 1952 u R. sNYDER, JR
TARGET AND CIRCUT FOR STORAGE TUBES Filed April 12, 1945 INVENTOR. .fafa/ez; J1:
ATTORNEY. v
Patented New. 18, 1952 2.618.762 TARGET AND cinema* Foa STORAGE 'runas mener-e r.. snyder, Jr., Princwn, N. s., assignmto Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application April 12, 1945, Serial No. 588,046
3 Claims. (Cl. 315-12) In storage tubes of the cathode beam type,
charges proportional to received signals have been built up on -elements of a target by the action of an electron beam sweeping over them in one scansion and wiped off or neutralized in another scansion of the same beam. When this neutralization takes place, a signalis produced' and impressed on an indicating device. This prior art storage tube has several disadvantages, chief among which is the introduction of transientslinto the amplifying system by the sudden change of velocity of the beam.
. It is an object of my invention to construct a storage tube having one cathode beam gun for putting the signal on a target and an additional cathode beam gun for taking it on.
Another object of the invention is to scan the put-on beam of a storage tube at a higher rate over the target than that of the take-off beam.
Another object is to scan the put-on beam over -the target to reduce the positive reference potential thereof with suppressed secondary emission in accordance with the received signal and to scan the take-off beam thereover to raise the potential to said reference potential by means of secondary emission.
Another object is to construct the storage tube target of a plurality of insulated conductors with arrangements for scanning both beams transversely across the conductors independently of each other.
Another object is to construct the storage tube target of a plurality of insulated conductors with arrangements for scanning the put-on beam' transversely across one region of the conductors and the take-01T beam transversely across another portion of the same conductors and at a different rate.
Other objects will appear in the following description, reference being had to the drawings, in which:
Figure l is a diagrammatic illustration of the tube.
Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the target and shield grids.
Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 vof Figure 2, viewed in the direction of the arrows.
In Figure 1, the evacuated envelope and supporting structure of the elements in the tube are omitted, as these are well known and may be of any suitable material and design. The top gun I in this gure may have the usual cathode 2 and ly enlarged for illustrative purposes.
.2 controlling the beam E. This control member, as usual, consists of a cylinder of metal having a minute orifice in its end. This opening is great- The first anode 6 may be of standard metallic tubular con struction, having a small orifice in the end adjacent the gun and an internal wall having a suitable opening for constricting the beam the desired amount. Adjacent the remote end of the rst anode is positioned the second tubular anode l of somewhat larger diameter. Spaced horizontal defiector plates 8, 9 are positioned in a wellknown way for horizontally scanning the beam across the target, the front plate being partially broken away to show the back one. A variable voltage, of saw-tooth form, is impressed between these plates to produce the horizontal motion of the beam, as well understood. Spaced vertical deector plates I0, Il are used to position the beam on the desired horizontal line L. For this purpose the vertical deiiectors would have a constant direct current voltage. Parallel shield plates I2, I3 are positioned in front of the upper part of the target.
The target consists of a sheet of insulation It. such as a thin sheet of mica, on which has been deposited parallel strips I5 of metal, for example silver, deposited by photographic process or by any other method. The strips are relatively narrow and are preferably spaced apart a distance equal to three times their Width. Metal shield grids I6, I1 are positioned at the top and bottom of the target and have prongs I8, I9 extending between the strips I5 and are preferably of the same width as the strips, so that they may be spaced therefrom a distance equal to their own width. A signal plate 20 is positioned on the side of the mica plate remote from the gun and is connected to any desired indicating device 20', for example, the facsimile recorder disclosed in the patent of Charles J. Young, 1,848,862, March 8, 1932, though a visual indicator such as an oscilloscope may also be used.
In the lower gun 2| the lower anodes, the deflector plates and shields may have the same construction as in gun I and these parts have been given the same reference characters as similar heater 3. Aroundthe cathodeis the grid 4 for ones in upper gun l, except that the subscript a has been added thereto to distinguish the ones from the others. It will therefore be unnecessary to specifically refer to the parts. This gun scans the beam 5a over the bottom of the target at the line L' extending across the strips I5. The two guns I and 2| enclosed in the evacuated envelope (not shown) are electrostatically separated by a central shield plate 22.
The cathodes of both guns may have a negative potential of 1,000 volts, the first anodes about -800 volts and the second anodes have the positive groundpotential. The shields I2, I3 and I 8 may be voltsn'egative and the shields I2a,
known manner.
Ila and IJ 100 volts positive.
Thesey are mentioned merely as examples.
One of the guns, say the top gun I, will have a.
quency of an associated radar equipment, say 400 cycles per second. The other gun will have its similar plates energized by a saw-tooth voltage of some lower frequency, Isuch as 2 cycles per second, which coincides with the scanning frequency of the recording device 20'.. A y The operation may be described as follows: A signal pulse, sent out at the startof each cycle of the saw-tooth generator 23 by a keyer and transmitter T, is reflected by aircraft, ships and other objects back to the receiver 24, in which the echoes are amplified and detected in 'These devices may be of any known type and are illustrated in block diagram. I'l` antennae are preferably of the directional type. such as dipoles indicated. The detected and amplified signals modulate the beam of gun I as it sweeps across the strips I5 along line L. The electrons of beam 5 landing on the floating elements I5, which have been previously charged to a positive reference potential, as later described, diminish the positive charge. The diminishing of this charge (or the driving of the elements negative) occurs when the beam strikes these elements because the shields I2, I3 and I8 are negative relative to the floating elements and. therefore, suppress the emission of secondary electrons released by the impact of the beam. 'I'he repeated scanning of the mosaic by this puton beam increases the charge due to signals on each successive cycle. The charges induced by noise in the signal which does not occur at the same point in successive cycles is smoothed out.
` While the storing of the signals by beam 5 goes on without interruption, the take-oil' and reproducing beam 5a of the lower gun recharges at each sweep the floating elements to a positive reference potential determined by the shields IZa, Ila and II. The recharging is accomplished by means of secondary emission from the floating elements. When the beam 5a strikes the elements, it releases a preponderance of secondary electrons. These electrons are attracted by the positive fields of the shields until the potential lof the-elements rises to that of the shields. When Vthis occurs, acollecting field no longer exists around the elements and the secondary emissionratio falls to unity. The reproducing beam v5a is sufficiently intense to over-ridge in one sweep any signals which may have been recorded by the beam 5 of the upper recording gun in its multiplicity of sweeps.
When the take-off beam 5a recharges the strips I5 to reference potential, as just described, signals are impressed on recorder 20'. If the echoes or signals are from a moving object, such as an airplane, for example, they will be recorded as a diagonal line across the page of the facsimile recorder, but those from stationary objects will have unchanging phase and will be recorded in .vertical lines on the page. s
It will thus be seen that, in my improvement, the strength of desired signals is built up by storage before being recorded, but noise signals are not, since they occur at random.
The storing and discharging of the signals may be opposite to that described, but the results are not so satisfactory. When the put-on beamis thus-used to scan the elements of the target in the region of a positive collecting ileld to impress a positive charge thereon by virtue of emission of secondary electrons and the take-off beam scans them in a negative field to charge the elements. to a negative potential, then the stored signal will vary with variations in secondary emission ratio from element to element in the storing process. In the preferred method, any variation in emission ratio is. however, not objectionable in the take-ofi' action, as the secondary emission ratio of theA elements is necessarily made greater than unity and the take-off beam is made strong enough to over-ride any charge impressed by the put-on beam.
Various other modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. i Having described my invention, what I Vclaim 1. In cathode beam storage tubes, a target consisting of a sheet of insulation, a multiplicity of' 'electrically isolated conductors of relatively high secondary electron emissivity extending across said sheet and a shield grid at each'end having prongs extending b'etween the conductors and spaced therefrom.
2. In cathode beam storage tubes, a target consisting of a sheet of insulation, a multiplicity of electrically isolated conductors of relatively high secondary electron emissivity extending across said sheet, a shield grid at each end having prongs extending between the conductors and spaced therefrom, means for applying a higher voltage to one grid than to the other, means for scanning a beam at a predetermined rate across said conductors adjacent one grid and means for scanning'another beam across said conductors adjacent the other grid at a rate relatively lower than the first-mentioned rate.
3. In cathode beam storage tubes, a target consisting of a sheet of insulation, a multiplicity of electrically isolated conductors of relatively high secondary electron emissivity extending across said sheet, a shield grid at each end having prongs extending between the conductors and spaced therefrom, means for applying a higher voltage to one grid than the other, means for scanning a beam at a predetermined rate across said conductors adjacent one grid and means for scanning a beam across said conductors adjacent the Yother grid at a rate relatively lower than the RICHARD L. SNYDER, JR.
4 REFERENCES CITED l A The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
-UNII'ED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,072,658 Von Bronk Mar. 2, 1937 2,130,134 Iams Sept. 13,1938 2,147,760 Vance et al Feb. 21, 1939 2,179,205 Toulon Nov. 7, 1939 2,186,393 Ring et a1. Jan. 9, 1940 2,250,528 Gray July 29, 1941 2,264,540 .Lubszynski Dec. 2,- 1941 2,273,433 Bruce Feb. 17, 1942 2,291,476 Kernkamp July 28, 1942 2,301,743 Nagy et a1. Nov. 10, 1942 2,324,534 Pierce July 20, 1943 2,355,212 Farnsworth Aug. 8, 1944
US588046A 1945-04-12 1945-04-12 Target and circuit for storage tubes Expired - Lifetime US2618762A (en)

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GB11225/46A GB679258A (en) 1945-04-12 1946-04-11 Improvements in or relating to cathode beam tubes and operating circuits therefor

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715183A (en) * 1947-11-25 1955-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US2731560A (en) * 1952-02-05 1956-01-17 Guenther H Krawinkel Electron tube with deflection control
US2862140A (en) * 1955-03-17 1958-11-25 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Signal storage discharge tubes
US2874449A (en) * 1954-12-30 1959-02-24 Philips Corp Method of providing an electrically conductive network on a support of insulating material
US2888586A (en) * 1953-12-11 1959-05-26 Nat Res Dev Electrostatic information-storage systems
US2916664A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-12-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US2916662A (en) * 1952-04-05 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Memory tube
US2929957A (en) * 1956-12-31 1960-03-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Dual picture direct view storage tube
US3046440A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-07-24 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Signal storage arrangements
US4599541A (en) * 1982-12-03 1986-07-08 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Scan converter storage tube with a multiple collector storage target, and method of operation

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2072658A (en) * 1925-07-08 1937-03-02 Telefunken Gmbh Receiver arrangement for electric picture transmission
US2130134A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-09-13 Rca Corp Oscillograph apparatus
US2147760A (en) * 1934-05-24 1939-02-21 Rca Corp Television apparatus
US2179205A (en) * 1936-01-30 1939-11-07 Toulon Pierre Marie Gabriel Television receiving apparatus
US2186393A (en) * 1936-10-26 1940-01-09 Ring Friedrich Fluorescent screen
US2250528A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating system and apparatus
US2264540A (en) * 1936-09-10 1941-12-02 Emi Ltd Cathode-ray tube
US2273433A (en) * 1940-04-10 1942-02-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray tube
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
US2301743A (en) * 1939-02-10 1942-11-10 Nagy Paul Light modulating device for use in television receivers
US2324534A (en) * 1941-09-30 1943-07-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Television transmitter
US2355212A (en) * 1942-06-20 1944-08-08 Farnsworth Television & Radio Image reproducing device

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2072658A (en) * 1925-07-08 1937-03-02 Telefunken Gmbh Receiver arrangement for electric picture transmission
US2147760A (en) * 1934-05-24 1939-02-21 Rca Corp Television apparatus
US2179205A (en) * 1936-01-30 1939-11-07 Toulon Pierre Marie Gabriel Television receiving apparatus
US2264540A (en) * 1936-09-10 1941-12-02 Emi Ltd Cathode-ray tube
US2186393A (en) * 1936-10-26 1940-01-09 Ring Friedrich Fluorescent screen
US2130134A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-09-13 Rca Corp Oscillograph apparatus
US2301743A (en) * 1939-02-10 1942-11-10 Nagy Paul Light modulating device for use in television receivers
US2250528A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating system and apparatus
US2273433A (en) * 1940-04-10 1942-02-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray tube
US2324534A (en) * 1941-09-30 1943-07-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Television transmitter
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
US2355212A (en) * 1942-06-20 1944-08-08 Farnsworth Television & Radio Image reproducing device

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715183A (en) * 1947-11-25 1955-08-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US2731560A (en) * 1952-02-05 1956-01-17 Guenther H Krawinkel Electron tube with deflection control
US2916662A (en) * 1952-04-05 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Memory tube
US2888586A (en) * 1953-12-11 1959-05-26 Nat Res Dev Electrostatic information-storage systems
US2916664A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-12-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US2874449A (en) * 1954-12-30 1959-02-24 Philips Corp Method of providing an electrically conductive network on a support of insulating material
US2862140A (en) * 1955-03-17 1958-11-25 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Signal storage discharge tubes
US2929957A (en) * 1956-12-31 1960-03-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Dual picture direct view storage tube
US3046440A (en) * 1959-06-26 1962-07-24 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Signal storage arrangements
US4599541A (en) * 1982-12-03 1986-07-08 Iwatsu Electric Co., Ltd. Scan converter storage tube with a multiple collector storage target, and method of operation

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