US2616802A - Fiberizing lignocellulose steamed under pressure and apparatus - Google Patents

Fiberizing lignocellulose steamed under pressure and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2616802A
US2616802A US106904A US10690449A US2616802A US 2616802 A US2616802 A US 2616802A US 106904 A US106904 A US 106904A US 10690449 A US10690449 A US 10690449A US 2616802 A US2616802 A US 2616802A
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Prior art keywords
orifice
chips
steam
conduit
impeller
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Expired - Lifetime
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US106904A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard D Kehoe
Surino Alphonse
Ronald G Goodwin
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Pandia Inc
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Pandia Inc
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Publication date
Priority to BE496868D priority Critical patent/BE496868A/xx
Priority to NL84387D priority patent/NL84387C/xx
Application filed by Pandia Inc filed Critical Pandia Inc
Priority to US106904A priority patent/US2616802A/en
Priority to GB11751/50A priority patent/GB678761A/en
Priority to DEP2607A priority patent/DE847685C/de
Priority to FR1022903D priority patent/FR1022903A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2616802A publication Critical patent/US2616802A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C7/00—Digesters
    • D21C7/08—Discharge devices

Definitions

  • The. digester 2nd .defibratbr hais' Been made into a station that oilefate'bi :in "a continuous manner as compared with batch ofierat-icfi "and intead of digesting the wood-chips While inubmergehce in the digestahtliciudr,.digetithe wood-chins in Kehosj 1N0. 2323,19 1 eta-l c ens; 1943. In this fib ate unsie h i eager; I I
  • the continuoigs' vapli'f digesiii-of said patent and-flue t 'pncetidfi is characte ized-by a chip feeding-m2 "eye conduit or wide halving Iioii 'zoiita'il or lea ehip suppoftmg extent; and a combine 6r; "Z0 ing vertical extentddwn vtihicfi'the not'ma'te 1 e1 fans" and from which the material go to discharge with meris iIi-Lat least the horiioiiitfl zrie, to? controlling the rate bf progression of thechip's being"dige'std.-.
  • the impeller ha's'to have its blade formstion so designed and its Speed, of rotation sufficient to hindle filictuating'loads of chips fall-c' 'ing into it evh though these loads are somewhat 'ciihioried "by the high concentration of heat softened chip-fragments maintained in mobilized suspension around and in the general environment of the speeding impeller.
  • the diameter of the impeller is larger than the effective diameter of the down-pipe leading thereto whereby just above the free ends of the impeller blades, there is provided a limiting annular shoulder against which particles are forced by the blades. The particles are then reflected back by the shoulder either to be hit again by the blades or to engage the bottom of the impeller casing to be re-refiected.
  • the speed of the impeller is such that it is surrounded by and has justabove it, an atmosphere in intense swirling vortical motion or turbulence that is highly concentrated with suspended particles fragmented from the chip-forms.
  • This turbulent mobilized suspension of substantially annular shape then flows away from the impeller through the adjacent discharge orifice under the combined forces (1) of the cen trifugal impulses given thereto by the impeller, (2) by the flowing stream of steam passing to escape to the atmosphere through the orifice as a result of the super-atmospheric steam pres- I sure within the digester, and (3) by the ends of the impeller blades wiping across the entrance to the orifice to prevent clogging thereof.
  • Another feature of this invention is the size of the orifice since it seems to have a screening or size-controlling effect on the chip-fragments that are permitted to passthrough it. Asconditions vary, it may be desirable to have means for controlling the size of the orifice used, bu cause shives are to be minimized in the pulp that is so emitted. Such fragments apparently are tumbled and batted about by the impeller blades as well as reflected or deflected between them and the walls encasing them so that they are still further fragmentized or diminuted until they are of a size small enough to pass through the screening or size-controlling orifice.
  • the gradually increasing size of the emission conduit through which discharged pulp is blown from the orifice guards against degradation of such pulp by assuring their encountering gradually rather than suddenly or disruptingly release of pressure thereon and the residual momentum of the particles is great enough to keep them in turbulent non-segregating and nonplugging motion while protecting them from significant loss of temperature until they are delivered to a further treatment station.
  • the treatment temperature is such that the binding incrustants of the fibers are softened and it is often desirable that they be maintained above the congealing temperature of the softened incrustants after 4 discharge from the orifice and up to the time of the further treatment which includes refining or brushing out of the fibers.
  • the Beveridge and Kehoe Patent 2,323,194 shows the use of a defibrator acting on the cellulosic material of the heat-and-press'ure zone or chamber just prior to its discharge therefrom to the atmosphere. That defibrator has two coacting abrasive discs of which at least one is ro tatable.
  • the purpose of the defibrator is to reduce the softened heat-treated material to a mas whose fibers are more or less individualized but are capable, without further treatment, of being used directly in making up hard board, insulating board, dry (saturative) roofing felt, and as a substitute for rags.
  • the abrasive discs of the defibrator cut the softened Wood chips across the grain as well as parallel to the grain.
  • its impeller has no abrasive functions, and one of its principal novel features is that the wood chips are notcut across the grain.
  • the impeller of this invention functions in such a way that nodefinite shear of the material is effected; it breaks the chips along the line of least resistance, that. is, with the grain or natural lie of the fibers.
  • the clearance'between the impeller blades and their surrounding vertical enclosing walls is such that the softened wood chips are not subjectedto'shear ing.
  • the wood-chips are broken down parallel to. the grain only, that is along their line of cleavage, so that the discharged pulp has its fibers in bundles or filaments or slivers that are not noticeably shortened but which have their ends significantly frayed out so that the filamented fragments are readily shredded or fiberized. Nevertheless, the discharged pulp is not suitable for direct use but must be further refined or brushed out before it is ready for making into sheets.
  • the pulp so producedv falls into two classes, namely, heat-treated pulp in one class, and in the other chemically-treated pulp.
  • the pulp discharged from the orifice and cooled is a springy fibrous mass of woody par ticles, ranging in diameter from inch down to fine dust and ranging in length from fine dust up to one inch.
  • Pulp that has been heat-treated only is a rather light brown, while alkaline chemically treated pulp is decidedly dark brown. However, neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulp is light brown.
  • the steam treated pulp there is a greater proportion of larger bundles of fibers or slivers than in the chemically treated pulp. A noticeable characteristic of all of the particles and especially the larger ones is that their ends are fairly well frayed. The bundles or clumps or slivers of fibers are not at all brittle but they cohere so lightly that they are readily pulled apart with very little effort.
  • Figure l is a somewhat diagrammatic view with parts broken away while Figure 1 is an entirely diagrammatic view showing the motions of material being treated.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation, also with parts broken away showing a practical embodiment of the invention with its associated apparatus.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional viewof the suspension-inducingr i-mpellenthe discharge"orificegiits operah mg controls, andthe pulp omission' pipe.
  • Fig ure is an enlarged, fragmentary, el'ewational view showing partswhich will "be -hereinafter fully described.
  • Figure: 5 18 8 similar view but showing a different position or a movable p'art.
  • Flgureois a drawnapartisometric view of the: parts shown in Figures 4- and 5 with control members as"--will"be hereinafter-described and explained.
  • Figure 7 is anisometric view of the parts-shown inl'l igure t in assembled condition.
  • Figure 8 is a fragmentary detail, sectional view takenat one end-oi "the views shown in Figuresv Sand '7.
  • zone A I and. I intermediatenzone B -'from which dependsa discharge-zone Cincluding an orifice-bearing closed-end terminal: zone D of a mobilized-suspension ol' tragmentized chips'slivers an'dfiber bundles, discharged therefeeder I2 forms the chips into a compacted plug formation [4 sufi'ciently dense to preventheat and pressure lossfrompipeor conduit l5 'of'the intermediate zone B.
  • Conduit l5 has the'plu'g formation fed thereto eccentrically through feed opening I6" and the conduit ishori'zontally placed or'atfleast 'suificiently horizontal to support-the material beingtreated therein. Saturatedsteam is supplied to the conduit -l-5"through valved inj-ector pipe ""for maintaining super 'atmospheric pressure" and a temperature above 212"F-..
  • Intothose'zones may also be supplied a chemical through'valved injection pipe I8 for'use in the event thatchemical or semi-chemical pulp rather thanmerely heattrea'tedpulp is desired.
  • the chemical used is such as to be reactive with the lig'neous: incrustants-on the cellulosic fibers of the chips-to render the normally water-insoluble incrustants while in situ'to-be water-soluble.
  • conduit 1:5 is much larger in diameterthanithe plug t4 in the neek-like casing 13 so that as the chips expand under th influence of the moist'heat in the conduit
  • Aiscrew conveyor-13 is provided in the conduit'l iafor the: purpose of controlling carefully the rate of progress 'ofrchips 520 throughand-along the con rli as well'as the-total time-rot their transit therethrough under conditions that there 1 is no localized over treatmentt or degradation of the cellulosic fibers. Connectedttoward one "611C170!
  • the conduit 15 depends: a down pipe 22 down whichv chips 120 from the "conduit 15 freely fall through opening 23.
  • In'the horizontal plane of the impeller 21, there is at least one discharge outlet orifice or port 2 9 opening. into a discharge conduit that leads the pulp to urther treatment.
  • the efiective size of thedischarge orifice 29 .is controlled, such as by apparatusshown-in Figure 3, :and th clearance between the blades :28 of the impeller 2! and the encasin'g walls is 6 ens-earths "is the' diameter of :the discharge Gfl'fi. I -Rife'lrm'g now td 'athe impeller 21 is heldin lace on' sha ftili by nut'or hub 32..and each blade 28 isprferably set non-radial to the hub 32 provide pumpi'ng'action and "also is preferably shaped so that the outer 'iree end thereof is-somewhat taller than the inner "end thereof.
  • the lower outer edge 34 is curved'to correspond with the 'cl'o'su're bottom 2! beneath the mpeller, because it is important that the clearance 'betweenlthis and the blades be nfinimized while the clearance between the blade ends- 33 and their encasmg wall 22' must be e critical distance.
  • the effective diameter of the down-pipe 22 is smaller than the diameter of the wall 22' encircling the impeller z'l.
  • the clearance-be tween the ends of :the impeller blades and the adjacent vertical wall -22" of its casing which should be less than /8 inch or at least such that the ends of the impeller blades act as'wipe'rs' rmwiping the mobilizedfragments'past theorific'e and also reventing an clogging ofthe orifice by such fragments.
  • the discharge orifice 29 discharges" treated pulp into an emission conduit 30 of progressively increasing cross secti'on which conducts the pulp toa cyclone 38 having a gas-escape stack 39 and a water spray 40 as Well as a usual 'rniiier 4
  • This bath may be heated by steam or otherwise, to control its temperature, as desired.
  • a water suspension of the pulp overflows a usual weir 42 to pass through pipe 43' for further treatment, such as arefin'e'r or other combing-out machine 44-, such as a Sprout-Waldron refiner, the characteristic or.
  • the cyclone and refiner are. referred to collectively as further treatment station or refining station E.
  • the discharge orifice 29 is practically oblong or elliptical in shape and is formed in a dished member 50 which is located in the side wall 22 encasing the impeller.
  • the dished member 50 ( Figures 6 and '7), is formed with a base portion 5
  • a bore 54 is formed in the base 5
  • the dished member 59 has held in place thereon a threaded bolt 55 which engages through a bore 51 in the base portion 5
  • An annular plate or disk 59, formed with a peripheral cut-out portion 59 is mountedwithin the dished member 50 and is adapted to oscillate therein.
  • the shaft 55 engages through a bore 6 in the annular plate 59.
  • One end of the shaft 55 is formed with a squared head .62 which engageswithin a corresponding recess 63 upon the annular plate 59 to lock the annular plate and shaft together.
  • the outer or opposite end of the shaft 55 is mounted in a bearing 64 ( Figure 8), formed in an upright supporting lug 65 formed upon the casing forming the pulp emission conduit 39.
  • That portion of the shaft 55 which extends outwardly beyond the bearing 54 is slightly contracted in diameter and is threaded as at 66.
  • a handle or lever 67 having a collar 68 which engages over the shaft 55 and is secured thereon by means of a set-screw B9.
  • a similar handle or lever 19, slightly shorter than lever 61 is fixed upon a collar having a threaded bore which engages over the threaded portion 65 of the said shaft 55.
  • a pair of lock-nuts T2 to limit the outward movement of the collar H.
  • the shaft 55 is locked against oscillatory movement, when the collar II is turned and jammed against the said supporting lug 95.
  • the collar H When however the collar H is turned in the opposite direction it moves away from the supporting lug 65 and allows the shaft to be oscillated by the lever 61 and impart a corresponding oscillatory movement to the said plate 59 to fully open or close the said discharge orifice 29.
  • the orifice size controlling means fit into a tapered coupling 13 having flanges l4 and '15 with a neck 16 adapted to enter a complementary opening in the wall 22' of the impeller casing.
  • Flange l5 aids in attachment of the coupling in position while flange 15 aids in holding in position the handle assembly 5?, l and so on.
  • the wood-chips are supplied to the feeding-in zone A of the digester or pulper, wherein the screw-feeder l2 forces the chips into the intermediate zone B of the digester under'conditions that prevent any substantial loss of steam therefrom.
  • Saturated steam is supplied through steam-injection pipe ll while chemicals may (or may not be) added through chemical injection pipe I8.
  • the digester is maintained at a temperature above; 212 F. and at super-atmospheric pressure by the supplied steam.
  • the screw conveyor IS in the intermediate zone B that finds embodiment'in the horizontal or at least material-supporting pipe l5, and has as its purpose the determination of the rate of progression of the chips therealong whereby the time of transit of the chip-forms through the digester is under the control of the operator.
  • the quantity of chips fed is correlated to crosssectional area of the horizontal pipe l5 (or vice versa) so that the chips never fill that area but space is left for the chips to expand due-to the heat, pressure and moisture conditions in that pipe.
  • the horizontal pipe I5 is illustrated as comprising the intermediate section, more than one pipe can be used.- Indeed, such digesters have been designed that make use of as many as eight superposed horizontal pipes connected by suitable vertical pipes therebetween.
  • the discharge zone C of the digester finds embodiment in a vertical pipe 22 that functions as'a down-comer or down-pipe down which chipforms freely fall from the screw conveyor l9. In so falling, the chip-forms encounter in the closed-end terminal zone D what may be termed a cushion of a mobilized, fluidized, whirling suspension of chips, chip-fragments, shives and fiber-bundles.
  • This suspension that is generally annular in shape is produced by intense agitation and turbulence generated in the zone by means such as the impeller 27 with its blades 28. High speed rotation thereof causes the chipforms to be broken into fragments, or shives, and those fragments in turn are further broken down into fiber-bundles or slivers but all without cutting. This is accomplished by the speed of the blades which bat the chips around and especially against the walls encasing the impeller and the annular shoulder.
  • the suspension then is impelled out through orifices 29 partly due to the stream of steam flowing therethrough but more particularly by the impulses imparted thereto by the impeller.
  • the diameter of this orifice is important because it seems to limit or control the maximum size of the fragment or fiber-bundles thereof that can be emitted threadingly through that orifice.
  • the diameter of the orifice desired is under the control of the operator, by means of the handle or lever 67 for turning shaft 55.
  • the discharged suspension is conducted through the emission conduit 30 of increasing cross-sectional area to be emitted to the atmosphere.
  • This gradually expanding emission conduit brings about a gradually decreasing pressure on the suspension so that when the fibrous material thereof does reach the atmosphere, no force is exerted on them that tends to' explode or otherwise degrade those fibers.
  • This turbulence minimizes segregation of the suspended particle during their transit through the conduit to the cyclone 38 and pressure energy of the steam in which they are entrained is transformed into kinetic energy, while the steam pressure is dropping approximately to a pressure equal to atmospheric plus the pressure head required'for conveying the particles to the cyclone.
  • This fibrous suspension or. pulp retains its. temperatureabove the congealing. point of the ligneous' fiber incrustan'ts (that bind the fibers. together. in wood) which havebeen significantly softened'within the 'digester,geither as a result (1) .of-steamtreatment alone'there-in, or (2) of steam and a lign'in-reactive chemical; If the-.fibrous suspension or pulp has been subjected solely to steam treatment in the digester, the pulpv (sometimescalled heat-treated pulp). can be conducted while .h'ot. directly to the secondary treatment station Eembodying a refiner. 44- or otherfiberbrushingout device.
  • impeller a major function of the impeller is to fragmentize generally the heat-softened wood chips and render the fragments into a mobilized suspension plus imposing on each a centrifugal projection impulse which in addition to any entrainment capability of the stream of steam, impels the suspended particles through the orifice with significant force.
  • discharge orifice While an important function of the discharge orifice is for controlling specifically the size of the discharge fibrous particles, its effective opening must be correlated to the steam pressure and the load on the impeller. The greater the steam pressure, the less is the load on the impeller and the smaller the discharge orificecan be.
  • the imex-pected advantage of this invention is thatthe impeller takessubstantially less power to drive i-tfthana defibrator so it is cheaper to install as well as to operateryet at the same time itincreases substantially the output of the machine. While a refinerisrequired for secondary treatment, it too takessless power than otherwise and its output in turn is higher, so on the whole significant savings. result from-the use ofv this-invention.
  • Theinvention is usable in connection with lignocellulosic material of many kinds of bothannual as well as perennial growths, besides wood-chips.
  • Apparatus for treating cellulosic fiber-bearing material such as wood chips for fiberizing it into pulp which comprises an enclosed conduit having a feed section and means for feeding chips therethrough while minimizing escape of heat and pressure therefrom, a steam-containing material-supporting section larger than the feed section, a conveyor in the material-supporting section for conveying such material therealong while such material becomes softened by the steam, a free-fall section connected with the materialsupporting section into which the conveyor delivers the softened chips to fall therethrough, a closed-end terminal section to which the freefall section leads and which has an orifice through its peripheral wall, a motivated bladed impeller in the terminal section the outer edges of which lie in the plane of the orifice for keeping the latter wiped in non-clogged condition by having minimized clearance therefrom, means for supplying to the conduit a stream of steam under pressure to maintain the conduit at super-atmospheric pressure and super-temperature above 212 F. as well as to flow therealong to escape through the orifice, and means for
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 with the addition of a conduit for conducting the suspension discharged from the orifice to emission to the atmosphere, with the conduit having increas ing cross-sectional area in the direction leading to the atmosphere.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the effective internal diameter of the free-fall section is smaller than the diameter of the impeller.
  • Apparatusaccording to claim 3 with means for varying the effective size of the discharge orifice comprising a disc provided with a maximum size orifice therethrough, and pivoted gate means alignable with the orifice for reducing its effective size.

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US106904A 1949-07-26 1949-07-26 Fiberizing lignocellulose steamed under pressure and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2616802A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE496868D BE496868A (sv) 1949-07-26
NL84387D NL84387C (sv) 1949-07-26
US106904A US2616802A (en) 1949-07-26 1949-07-26 Fiberizing lignocellulose steamed under pressure and apparatus
GB11751/50A GB678761A (en) 1949-07-26 1950-05-11 Digestion of ligno-cellulosic materials
DEP2607A DE847685C (de) 1949-07-26 1950-06-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Zellulose-Massen
FR1022903D FR1022903A (fr) 1949-07-26 1950-06-29 Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés et dispositifs pour le traitement de matières cellulosiques

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US106904A US2616802A (en) 1949-07-26 1949-07-26 Fiberizing lignocellulose steamed under pressure and apparatus

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US2616802A true US2616802A (en) 1952-11-04

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US (1) US2616802A (sv)
BE (1) BE496868A (sv)
DE (1) DE847685C (sv)
FR (1) FR1022903A (sv)
GB (1) GB678761A (sv)
NL (1) NL84387C (sv)

Cited By (24)

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US2716927A (en) * 1953-06-03 1955-09-06 Sylvester C Sullivan Fourdrinier
US2771361A (en) * 1951-12-07 1956-11-20 Process Evaluation Devel Defibration processes
US2803540A (en) * 1956-03-06 1957-08-20 Condi Engineering Corp Wood chip digestion
US2882967A (en) * 1954-10-06 1959-04-21 Pandia Inc Digesting apparatus discharge valve assembly
US2893909A (en) * 1954-06-09 1959-07-07 Bauer Bros Co Combined digestion and refining of paper pulp
US2902090A (en) * 1956-07-25 1959-09-01 Jean E Arguillere Apparatus for defibrating hard wood
US2943012A (en) * 1955-12-01 1960-06-28 Int Basic Economy Corp Method and apparatus for fiberizing fibrous material
US2948336A (en) * 1955-06-06 1960-08-09 Pandia Inc Continuous digester
US2953202A (en) * 1955-07-15 1960-09-20 Pandia Inc Continuous digester
US2957795A (en) * 1956-06-07 1960-10-25 Bolton John W & Sons Inc Process for making paper pulp
US2963086A (en) * 1955-09-22 1960-12-06 Pandia Inc Paper machinery
US2993537A (en) * 1957-12-18 1961-07-25 Sprout Waldron & Co Inc Pulp manufacture
US2996421A (en) * 1957-12-18 1961-08-15 Sprout Waldron & Co Inc Pulp manufacture
US3130114A (en) * 1960-11-19 1964-04-21 Statni Drevarsky Vyzk Ustav Process of manufacturing fibreboards and pressings from lignocellulose material
US3617433A (en) * 1968-05-15 1971-11-02 Douglas G Sutherland Defibering discharger for continuous digesters
US4039373A (en) * 1975-12-31 1977-08-02 American Defibrator, Inc. Static discharge device and method for fiber discharge from a pressurized digester
US5120398A (en) * 1987-11-11 1992-06-09 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Arrangement for discharging pulp from a pulp treatment apparatus
US5262003A (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-11-16 The Black Clawson Company Method and system for defibering paper making materials
US20080277082A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Andritz Inc. High pressure compressor and steam explosion pulping method
US20090221814A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2009-09-03 Andritz Inc. System and method for preextraction of hemicellulose through using a continuous prehydrolysis and steam explosion pretreatment process
EP2725134B1 (en) 2012-10-24 2015-05-27 Andritz, Inc. Piping System from Reactor to Separator and Method to Control Process Flow
CN105258454A (zh) * 2015-10-16 2016-01-20 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 一种褐煤的干燥方法
US9856601B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2018-01-02 Andritz Inc. Method and apparatus for adding steam for a steam explosion pretreatment process
WO2020005130A1 (en) 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Valmet Ab Method and system for continuous discharge of a pressurized reactor for hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulose materials

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1034967B (de) * 1954-01-07 1958-07-24 Der Maschinenfabrik Von Theodo Kontinuierliches Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Halbzellstoffen aus Holz
NL246956A (sv) * 1959-02-26
US3434920A (en) * 1965-10-07 1969-03-25 Frank B K Green Apparatus for continuous digesting
SE341322B (sv) * 1968-04-02 1971-12-20 Defibrator Ab

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DE847685C (de) 1952-08-28
NL84387C (sv)
GB678761A (en) 1952-09-10
BE496868A (sv)
FR1022903A (fr) 1953-03-11

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