US2614184A

US2614184A - Electrical relay

Info

Publication number: US2614184A
Application number: US554814A
Authority: US
Inventors: Marion B Robinson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1944-09-19
Filing date: 1944-09-19
Publication date: 1952-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 1969-10-14

Description

1952 M. B. ROBINSON ELECTRICAL RELA';

.Z SHEETS-SHEET 1 Filed Sept. 19, 1944 4 1 M. B. ROBINSON 2,614,184

ELECTRICAL RELAY Fil'ed ept. 19. 1944 IN V EN TOR.

needle or bar.

, out

1 sio'ii oft-said opposite rotatabletherein. Said collar l'l obstructs any accidental outward escape of the liquid content I of the container I0, while at the same time oper- Ur .a-ting to prevent lateral displacement of the arbor and the float to which the latter is connected.

Secured to the exterior upper end portion of said arbor I5 is a metallic needle or bar I8. Said needle or bar [8 comprises at least one laterally extending arm; and, asshown, when a double efiect relay is desired, comprises oppositely extending arms I!) and 20. Said needle or bar 18 isnormally held in a, predetermined initial or 7 neutral position by balanced tensional means or small force, which, although suflicient to retain the "needle or barin a desired neutral position Mwill nevertheless ofier'but little and easily overcome impedance-"to operative movement of the One illustrative form of such balanced tensional means comprises a pair of coiled;hair-springs 2| and 22, the same being res eeti velyj anchored by their inner ends to anchor posts 23-and' 24 respectively afiixed tothe '7 platform 12 on opposite sides of arbor l5; the

er "endsljoffs'a'id hair-springs beingsecured;

y SuitabIem'annerLtO' diametrically opposite anti-clockwise, so that their tensional esses 'as tifansjinittedfltojthe needle or bar are u'y'mbalanced' opposition, with the result -'ppositespring while rotative swing of ejf'or bar I 8 ""njth'e opposite direction, clockwisefdifrection; increases the tenmg a d relaxes'that of first mentioned, ring. 'UWhen, however, the "orb a1 is'release'djfrom the effect of a rotati'on inducing force? the "stressed spring. will return said needle or bar-to its'predeterniined noririitialor neutral po'sitionl, Y v

ounted on the piano-rm I2 "is electrofma'gnetic for applying rotationinducing force to dle-or 'baflfljfthe same being disposed 1a eral (opposition to a free end portionlof the arms of'lthe -needle orbar. In the'double eff t ref-m ofi elay s'hewri, an electroemagnet 25' i so "op'posed'ito theaifni 1,9 of the needle or bar and a similar 'electromagnet26is so opposed to thea'rm "of said needle' or bar; Each'electrornagn'et is connectediin'fcircuit 'with' a desired ndent' source of comparatively Weak elec- ,ienergy'to',wh' H'the relay device isde- I For example, as illusiy show1i1in-F1g 1, the elect agnet 15 ctric, ,cell"'28 from" which, when energized, his netizihg current is supplied 'to'said electro ma net 25.f In like manner, the electro-magnet 2 fconnected by circuit Wiring 2910. a photoric cell 3'0"ffibniTfWhich, when energized,

'curren i magnetizing megnetzsr y e I 'i wlien operated] by attractive force of, an

' activated electro-magnet,'the needle or'bar. l8 willbe causedltofswingitowarcl'said magnet, andsuch 'moverii'ent fljecome .,,ope'rative," through 'suitable circuit closing means, to close a circuit of: feiativdy" strong ielectric'al current character which it 'is desire'dto control by. thej f unctioningj otithe relay device. I 1

y ay "of illustration, but not by sy bf. limi ,,of. 'said arbor 15, or, ifdesired, 'directly'to .thece'ntral part of th'e needle or bar 18 itself.

id hair-spri'ng' is coiled clockwise and the t tative s'wingjof jthe needle'or bar ill in tionfe. 'g.'c1ockwise direction; increases a 'oii of one said; spring 'and relaxes that supplied. to said electricdescribed novel relay device e of the needle or bar 18.

tact terminal 43 is another stationary contact,

- terminal .44 which also liesin the path of movement of said needle or bar arm'20. Said needle of the aforesaid of this invention is shown in double effect form, 3

and as arranged to control the circuits of reversing switch means to in turn control delivery of operating electrical current to an electric motor desired to be reversibly operated. Such arrangement, as shown in Fig. 1, comprises a battery 3|, or othersuitable source of relatively strong energy output, from which extends an output conductor 32, which, if desired, may include in the line thereofa manuallyoperable switch 33. Leading from said conductor 32 is a conductor 34 which is connected to a stationary contact terminal 35 disposed in the path of operative movement of the arm I3 ofthe needle or bar l8.

Adjacent to said contact terminal 35 is another stationary contact terminal 36 which also lies in the path of movement of said needle or bar arm |-9.- Said needle or bar arm l3 carries a contact member 31 which, by operative movement of said arm l9, may be carried into bridging circuit closing engagement with said stationary contact terminals 35 and 36." A conductor'38 leads from said contact terminal 36 to one pole of one coil 33 of a solenoid, the opposite pole of which is connected to a return conductor 40 leading ,back to the battery 3|; Said solenoid coil 39, when energized, is operative to move the solenoid armature 4| in one direction, e.1 g. from right to left as shown? Leading from the battery output conductor 32 is a, conductor 42'which is connectedv to a'stationary contact terminal 43 disposed in the'path of operative'movement of the arm 20 Adjacent to said con-,

orbar arm .VZQj Ycarries a contact member 45 which, by operative movement of said arm 20, may be carrie dinto bridging circuit closing en gagement with said

stationary contact terminals

43, and 44. A con'ductor4 6leads from said contact terminal 44 to one solenoid,,the v opposite pole of whichisjconne'cted ,t'o' thebattery return conductor '40. Said solenoid coil'4'l, when" energized,

is operative to mo'vej'the solenoid armaturev in an ODDOS itQ ,ZilIBCfiOnQBQ gzijfrom left toright. At its j left hand endfthe solenoid armature 4| bearsfan insulator plate 48 whi'c h carries separate contact points 43 and, which oppose and are adapted to, be respectivelymoved by solenoid 1 operation jinto engagement with separate stationary contact contact points g to one side of the field,

3|, bya circuitfcompleted through conductor 55 posite side o'fithe latter" to conductor'51, thencethrough' closed terminal contacts 5lv-43 totheconductor 58 which connects with'one side "of thejwindings of the motor armature 54, thence'irom the opposite side of the" latter through conductors 59-60 and closed terminal contacts 5 0-52, back through" conductor .61 to batteryreturnconductor 40 of the battery13l. Inlike manherfatfits' right'hand end, the solenoid armature bears an insulator, platef62 which carries separate contactfpoints' 63' and 64 'which opposeaiid areadapted'to be re spectively moved by js olenoid operation into engagementwith separate stationary contact points 65 and] 65.' Through these contact points 63-64 and 65-66 the field coilfs'53l and windings of armature 54 of the" electric 'motor' are con nected in series, for iiowiloi operating current; in

poleof another coil 4'! points 5I'"a'nd 52; Through these 45 -50 and'f5l--52 the field coils" 53and windingsfof armature 54 of an electric motorare connected infs'e'ries with the battery f 53, leaving the 011-! through conductor, 56

Opposite direction through the .:.armatur.e :.wind+ ingsubya :circuit completed :through; conductor. 55 and field .coils .53 to conductor. Mia-51,, thence through rclosednterminal contacts. 66-.-.64 to the conductor 'B8-.-59 which connects with the opposite sidesof the windings of. the motor armature 54; thence tfrom said windings through. 0on1 ductors'. 58-69. and closed terminal. contacts 63-455,. back through. conductor T0 to batter return conductor 40.

. In the operation of the relay: device toscontrol the. reversible electric,.motor, described in the above example of relay;use,.in the. event that .the photo-electric cell 281s excited .or becomes active, the current generated thereby will rlow through the electro-magnetu thereby. attracting... the armjiB .of the. needleor bar l8, sothat the latter will swing upon the substantially/ frictionless pivotal support provided; by; the vfloat l5", .thus moving the arm: |9 to carry its contact member 31 into circuit closing engagement. withgthe: contact terminals, 35,'3 6., whereuponfcurrent from the battery .31 excitesrsolenoid :coil, 39whereby to movethe solenoid armature 4| .in direction to..;,close the switch contacts .49.-5l, and -752 to complete .the circuitv which supplies battery currenttotheelectric motor to effect operation thereof in onedirection; .When the photoelectric cell 28. becomesinactive, and the .electro magnet 25 is thereuponn demagnetized the stressed hair-spring. 21 -wil1..ret.urn the needle or bar 18 to normal initial ,orneutral position, thus interrupting .the aforesaid .motor. actuatin Q rcult. On the other. hand, .inthe event-that the photo-electric cell 3 0vis excitedor becomes active, its current output will energize. the electromagnet 26, thereby attracting the arm 20 of the needle or bar I8; so as to causev said arm to carry its contact member, intocircuit closing engagement with the contact. terminals 43-44; whereupon current from the battery 31 excites solenoid coil '47 wherebyto move solenoid armature M in direction to close theiswitch. contacts -454 and B365 tocomplete the. circuit whichsupplies battery current totthe electric motorto effect operation thereof inthe opposite direction. In like vmanner,- .w.hen said photoeelectric cell .30 becomes inactive; andqthe electro-magnet 26 is thereupon demagnetized, the stressedhair-spring 22 will return the needle or bar l8 tonormal initial orneutral positiom thus interrupting the last mentioned motoractuating circuit.

The height of liquid ll within the container l0 may be selectively predetermined whereby to raise or lower the position of the float F to so dispose the floatandatheneedleor' bar 18 supported, thereby thatthe latter is properly disposedin alignment with the electro-

magnets

25 and 26. This may be-done byraising or lower- 'ing. the falsebottom orficup l3 by manipulation of "the adjusting, screw l 4;

In Fig. 2 the distance between the outersides of the heat F and the inner sides of the cont iDel" I0 is smaller --than:the distance between the: bottom of thefloatF and .the false bottom i3;v Therefore, normally a; comparatively greater uantityof liquidwisiound at the-bottomof the float than at thesides of it, which=liquid at the sides extends beyond the vertical center of. the float F Thishasnosigniflcance as far as the cushioning action is: concerned and shows only the amount of liquid which will be displaced along the sides of the float'F and the sides of the container 10 to properly cushion the float.

Because of this construction, with the-relay device contemplated-,-.by; me, as the-projectile .is

accelerated,q:the liquid-i I is :not permitted to 113.383 up :the sides ;of..jthe.; float at; anyyfasturatepofi speed because. of. the small :space between... the

' outer sides, or the; fioatcF. and :the, inner sides oi invention-poitherelay :device where a; protection against dama e, of delicate strum n a 'h ve ing. afloat. of. such, size thatrmore liquid. l. I... is, at the sides ofathe. float or thatwthe liquid.haszmore n i y r. viscosityrandhc float and the instru: ments sustained bythe'fioatl are of ight.- we ht. then the movement otthelloat E might be in the direction of, the projection rather. than the reVerSe,. or t f a mi ht "rem in. ationary- I andbe cushio th reby.

As h m d s pr h ip pr v tha odt pl ced in a; liquid is :buovcdunb a f rce: qual to h weieh of hc displac dl qu d h re e as shown in Fig, 2, veryili-ttlexliquid hasy'beenv displaced. When the: float and instruments sustained by'the heat .is of greater weight. then more liquid would be displacedunless the liquid were denser. The inertia. pressure. o f the float on the liquid forces the liquid to be: displaced along the sides and onto. the. top of thel float. I'he displacement of; theqliquidt and the :cushion- 11 of the float. would depend1 on the. space between the outer sides of,the fioat.'and the inner sides of .the' false .bottom-. .a nd. the viscosity or density of the liquid.. .1 j In the invention tthe, distance between the v outer sides of the float l fand the inner sides of the false bottom..i3 would-bedetermined 'bythe density or viscosity of the fluid and the. weight of the float .to insure the proper cushioning,

. As the float F- must travel. opposite the. direction of motion due to. inertia and the. liquidci l can 'find an. escape from an. increased pressure ofthe float by traveling with the direction of motion or in the space between the float and the container the float would.- therefore travel rope. posite the direction of motion and the liquidrwith the direction of motion. This insuresthat, upon set-back, liquid is forced inthe space between theinner sides of thecontainer and the outer sides of the. float so that the float and. instru-, mentssustained: by the float arewfully cushioned against the inertia..pressure'of the'float F as the projectile is accelerated. For-some practical uses itmay be desirable as shown in Fig. .5 to so arrangethe spacebetween the outer sides of the float Fand the. inner sides of the false bottom. Iii-with more space so that uponacceleration o ithe projectile the float and the means such' as needles I 9 and 20: and-the hair springs 2l and22 .orother delicate instruments will .be cushionedqas they move opposite the direction of motion until the bottom of the float. F will rest orv abut against. the inner top surface of the false'bottom andthe needles [9 and 20 and the hair springs 2|. and 22'or other delicate instruments will rest or abut the top surface of'platform I2.: This however; is not necessary whereused tot sustain other delicate instrumentsas the space between the outer sides of the. float F and.v theinner sides of the: false bottom. l3 maybe less to provide moreiriction so that theliquid I I- will passthrough theopeningslower and the bottom'of thefloatywill not reach the top surface ofthe false bottom I3 during' acceleration hilt-313KB cushioning: will take place 1 because of the movement of the liquid through-the opening in thedirecti'on .of motion and thereby a cushioningweffect will-occur during acceleration; Int-L .5 1-1; 1

It willof course be understood where the liquid sustains'or buoys the fioat 'at different levels as seenin the several -views then the electro-magnets 25 audit and the contacts 35-'36and 43-44 must be raised or lowered so that wh'en the needles -l9 and 20 are. attracted to either of the electro magnets 25 and either of the contacts 31: or- 45 r w -ill' -'contac't either-the contacts 35-36 or 43-44to-complete' the circuit. When the float is'withdrawn as-"shown in Fig. or as will be understood in" the other views .any movement of the .needles could -notcomplete a circuit when in its withdrawn position. a

It is foreseen tha't thedevice contemplated-by me' may be '-rearrange'cl--in a different manner without departing from the scope of my invention so that th'e floa't F n' iay be'forced in the direction "of projectionrather than the'reverse, 01" the float'might remain stationary depending onthe density of liquidand the weightof the float and parts sustained by the float. 3' It is also foreseen in' the invention contemplated by me 'wheremy invention is-used in a rotating body as shown in Fig: 4 and placed on the axis of a rotating bodythe space on the sides between the float F and the container l0 and the 'spacebetween the topofthefloat F and the platform 2 will not accommodate all of the liquid when the liquid is-acted on by centrifugal force thereby-"leaving; ehoughliqu'id! I in the space [between the bottom of thefloatand the-false bottom as shownto buoy the float to an operative position. IFhe action of the liquid when used in a-' r'otating body would be to force the float upwarduntil the liquid passed through the small opening betweenth'e-outer sides of the float and ,the' inner sides of the false bottom until the liquid occupiesthe position shown in Fig. 4. If as shown in Figs. 2 and-4 these devices are usedin a projectile where the float and liquid are first actedupon by acceleration and secondly by centrifugal force then the liquid would first be acted upon -by -acceleration to force-the liquid from the position as shown in Fig. 2 through the opening between-the outer sides of the float and the inner sides of the false bottom and act as previously described; -After acceleration has ceased the liquid is acted upon 'by centrifugal force causing the liquid to take the'position as shown in Fig, 4 and'beca'uSe-the space between theouter-sides 'of'the float and the inner sides of the container aridfthe space between the 'top surface 'of. the fio'atand the bottom surface of the platform 12 will not accommo'date all of the liquid-there will still. be sufllcient l-iquid at the bottom'to buoy the'fl'oat. Ifless space is desired in container ifl 'th'e manipulating screw l4 may be readjusted "to lift or-raise the false bottom l3 so that lessspac'e is provided in the container I0 between the top of the float and the platform and the bottom of the float and the false bottom for the-liquid tooccupy or move in. The float will remain as shown in' Fig. 4 during centrifugal forceycausedby rotation-and enough liquid will remain' at'the' bottom of the float to buoy the float at the desiredheight= I It is'not'necessary that the liquid'container be'placed on-- the axis centerofa rotating-body but .as shownin 'Fig.'i7"may be placed-off the I be 'toforce the float upward-until the liquid passes through thelsmall opening .betweenthe outer left side of:.theifloat and theinner left side of the false bottom-as viewed in Fig'r'llsuntil the liquid occupies the position'as shown in Fig. 7. However if as shown? in Figs. 2 and 7 h? these.

devices were used i'na projectile where the float and liquid are first acted upon by acceleration v and secondly by centrifugal force then-the liquid is first actedupon by-acceleration as before de scribed until acceleration ceases and whenthe liquid is acted upon byncentrifugal force' the liquid i I will be in'theposition as viewed in Fig. 7 because the space between the outer left hand side of the float and the inner left hand side of the container and the space between the topofthe float and the platform'will not'accommodate all the liquid. If less'space' is desired in container H) the manipulating screw 14 may be readjusted to lift orraise the false bottom l3 so that less' 'space is provided in the container [0 between top of the 'float and the platform and the bottom of the float and the-false bottom the liquid thereby has 'less space to move or occupy. The float will remain as shownin Fig. 7 during centrifugalforce caused by rotation and enough liquid remains at the bottom of the float to buoy the float to' an operative position.

Fig. 6 is a greatly-enlarged view of thesh'aft l5: and the washers-or collar I1 showing the of course be understood that the clearance between the shaft and. collar as shown-must be exaggerated in-order to illustrate this clearance but-in practice this clearance would be 0.0002 I of aninch or 'less which of course can not be illustrated. This clearance should be small enough so thatithe collar [1 will prevent the shaft and float fromlateral displacement and the shaft [5 can freely rotate therein.

Referring now-toFig. 3 of the drawings, there is shown thereby a somewhat modified form of the relay devicef'according to thisinvention, wherein a different type of substantially frictionless pivotal support-for the needle or bar I8 is provided. In ,this ,modified arrangement, a sup'-' porting platform H is provided and supported above and in spaced opposition thereto is a crosshead '12. Suitably mounted on said platform H is a lower jeweled bearing 13, and suitably mounted on the cross-head I2 is an upper jeweled bearing 74 arranged in opposed and aligned relation-to said lower jeweledbearing- The'arbor [5 of the needle or bar 118 is provided at its opposite ends with" needle point bearing terminals 15 which respectively engage the respective

jeweled bearings

13 and 14,'where'by to provide a substantially frictionless pivotal support for said needle or'bar 'lll. In this modifiedarrangement, a somewhat different form of balanced 'tensional means is provided for yieldablyholding the needle or bar [8 in normal hair-spring 18, having one end fixed to the lower part or the arbor 15 to windaround the same, and with its opposite end anchored to an anchor post 19'suitably aflixed to the platform H.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the needle or bar [8 is so related to associated controlled circuitcontactdevices; as'to open a controlled circuit when the needleor bar is disposed innormal'initial position, and to close said controlled circuit when the needleorbar is moved by the electro-magnetic means; it will nevertheless be understood by those skilled in the relay" art, that the reverse of such arrangement could be provided for and utilizedso that a controlled circuit would be closed when the needle or bar is disposed in normal initial position and would be opened when the latter is moved by the electro-magnetic means. i r

The needle or bar I8 may itself be magnetised, as' e. g; is a compass needle, that is, may itself constitute a magnet, the pull of its'magnetism alone, when the electro-

magnets

25 and 26 are demagnetised, being insufficient to overcome the balancing action of the springs 2 l-22 or 16-18, but which when the electro-

magnets

25 or 26 are magnetized, is accumulative therewith, in aid of operative movement of the needleor bar against the spring tension. Such conditions increase the sensitivityof the relayin response to the pull of the

magnets

25 or 26 when the latter are but weakly-magnetized by weak electrical current.

'It will'be obvious that the arbor 15 of needle l9--20 is capable of axial'movement relative to the. container top, whereby the construction is." adapted for use in a shell or projectile so that under inertia or force of set back, occurring when the shell or projectile leaves thegun, the needle structurermay be stopped against the container' top, and the float-F would be protected from shock until the forceof acceleration diminishes, at which time the float F would be buoyed up by the liquid in the container 10, and the needle structure would be returned to normal operative position. In this connection, the springs .2l--22 could, if desired, be placed above the needle l9-20, so that the, undersideof the latter may directly abut the top surface of the container under the inertia reaction referred, to.

It will be understood that changes maybe made in the relay structure shown in the drawings and above described without departing from the scope of this invention as defined by the following claims. It is therefore intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and n'ot in a limiting sense.

Iclaim:

1. In electrical relay device, comprising a container having a body of liquid therein, a. float supported by, said liquid, an axial arbor upstanding from said float,. abar" affixedto said arbor, said float being adapted to rotate in the liquid and said arbor rotatable with said float to permit' oscillation. of said bar with said arbor as an axis, said float being substantially free from frictional resistance to its turning movements, the buoyancy of said float being effective to cushfor" rotating action so as" to :closensaidpirouit through co-action with said contact means when influenced by .an'external' "magnetic force, said needle mounted in the device whereby the needle is set-back uponacceleration. of. theiprojectile, and bearing' means for cushioning saidn'eedle against set-back during 6 acceleration of said projectile, said bearing means comprising-.;a

buoyant yieldable element in which' said needle is mounted; said'yieldable element responding to j said force of" set-back so as to permit the withdrawal of said needle from co'eaction'withflsaid contact means whereby said needle :is inoperative to close said circ'uitduring said acceleration, said yieldable element further servingas' a bearing member for permitting said rotating ac! tion so as to permit closing of said circuit through the infiuen'ce of said magnetic force when the acceleration ofsaid proj ectilehas ceased;

"3. A relay device for use in an electricalcircult of a projectile, comprising. contactimeans incorporated in said circuit, aneedle arranged for rotating action so as to close saidcircuit through co-actionivith said contactmeans when influenced by an external magneticforcaJsaid needle mounted in the device whereby the needle is set-back up'on acceleration of the projectile, a shaft on said needle arid bearingmeansrfor cushioning 's'aid need'le against set-back during acceleration of said projectile, saidbearingmeans comprising a chamber, a supplyof fluid-in said chamber, said'fluidbeing operative to buoy and support said shaft and needle in position to coact with said contact means when said needle. is buoyed to an outward position relative to said chamberpsaid fluid beingfurther operative :to cushion set-back of said needle'during acceleration of said projectile by permittingthe withdrawal thereof to an inwardposition in said fluid against the elevating force of said buoyancy, said inward position being such asto render said needle incapa'ble of co-acting with said contact means whereby said electrical circuit cannotbe closed during" acceleration of said projectile; said buoyancy restoring said needle to an operative position when acceleration has decreased, said needle shaft being rotatable in said'iluid so as to permit said rotating action of said needle.

4. In an electrical relay device, a liquidc'o'ntainer having a buoyancy liquid therein, a cover for the container; a float in the containersu'pported by the liquid therein'pa shaft having the lower end thereof onthe float at the cehter'there of and extending up therefrom through the cover inalignmentwith the vertical axis of the float for oscillation about said vertical axis, 'said shaft reciprocable in the said cover; a pmmmyor electromagnetic means and a bar mounted on the shaft above the cover and adapted to 'be'attracted to one or the other of said el ectro-magnetic means, said bar being of magnetic mate: rial and having oppositepoles ateachend'and mounted adjacent to the electromagnetic means,

the; bottomo'f the container. 1 --:.=6-'.;A' r'elay devicezmouned in a'projectile and for connection in an electricalgcircuit arranged inbtheprojectile, said device including a pair of contacts for arrangement in said circuit, a bar mounted. on the device for movement to bridge saidcontactsupon influence by an external magnetlc force and bearingm'eans for cushioning said bar again'st set-back and'incapacitating said" bridging action imposed by the acceleration of said :projectile, said bearing means comprising.

afyieldable element for absorbing said set-back,

said vyieldable element permitting movement of said-bar for'said bridging action when said accelerationtof the projectile has-ceased. 4.27., A relay device for use'in an electrical circuit of. aprojfectile, comprising contact means incorporated'xiinusaid-circuit, a needle arranged for movement upon'bein'g influenced by an external magnetic force so as ,to closesaid circuit through I coeactio'n with said contact means,-a shaft carrying said needle, and bearing means for said shaft whereby saidneedle may;move to a position of cO-actionwithsaid contact means, said bearing means comprising a1chamber, a supply of fluid in .said chamber, rmeansq normally maintaining said needle and said shaft in an outward positionlby the buoyancy of said fluid for said coactionof the needle with the contact means, said means. for. normally maintaining the needle in outward'position movable in said fluid to permit saidco-action, :saidlast mentioned means during acceleration of said, projectile serving to maintai'nzsaid shaft and needle in an inward position agalnstrtheeleva-ting force of buoyancy of said fluid-wherebysaidneedle is inoperative to close said circuit'during-said acceleration. a p :18; incombination-With a projectile, a first member, a second member fastened to the projectile, said first member beingmovable with respect to the second member in the interior thereof fromnormal position relative thereto uponqacceleration of the projectile, the interior of. said secondmember comprising a means for i holding therein-a fluid :positioned between the firstand 'secondmembers and a buoyant fluid in vthersaidfluid holding means, said buoyant fluid beinghdisplaceable from between said first and saidsecondmembers'for absorbing shock to the first member incurredrby relative movement from normal position, and means controlling rate of displacement of said fluid including small opening means between the'first and second members.

9, In combinationwith a projectile, a first member, a second member fastened to the projectile, one of said members being movable from a normal position relative to the other member in'one-direction due to itsinertia upon accelerating the projectile, one of said members being arranged to hold'in the interior thereof a means between'themembers for retarding movement of the-first mentioned member away from normal position in said one direction, said means for automatically returning said first mentioned member to normal position when the acceleration ceases.

10. :In combination; a projectile: an actuating device within the projectile, the actuating device including a container rigid with the projectile for holding a quantity'of fluid; a float member disposed in the fluid and having-limited vertical movement relative .to the container; the container being-shaped so that when the-floatmemberis caused to move, downwardly relative to :the container upon the, upward acceleration. of the projectile, the :fluid' is caused to flow from one portion of thecontainer to another portion there of due to the forceexerted by the float memberf means restricting the flow of said-fluid so as ,to retard the downward movementof the float memb,er; and actuating means. connected to the float member. f, j v 11.v In combination, a projectile; an-actuating device within the; proj ectile; the: actuating de' vice including a container rigid with thexpro jectile for holding a quantity: .of fluid; afloat member disposed inthe fluid and having limited vertical movement relative toithe container; the container being elongated and" extendingiupe wardly so that when the float member-is caused to move downwardly relative to the container upon: the upward acceleration of the projectile, the fluid is caused to flow in the direction opposite to the movement of the floatmember; means restricting 'the' flow of: said fluid 1 so as: .to'-' retard the movement of the float member; andactuating means connected to the float member;

12. In combination: a closed liquid container;

a predetermined amount of liquid in the icon tainer, afloat within, the container disposed ion the liquid for angular movement about'theaxis of the float, an axial arbor extending'from-the float; means aflixed to the arbor to provide'an arm transversely. tothe arbor; a memberflxed with respect to thejcontainer in a position to. be engaged by the arm upon angular displacement of the float relatively to the container when the float has a predetermined axial position with respect; to the container; the floatbeing axially movable-relatively to the-container upon application of forces to the container acceleratinglit in the direction of the float'axis, and the float and container having relativesizes' to provide for'such' 1 an amount ofiaxial movementthatthe arm may beaxially displaced from the fixed member to prevent engagement of the'same despite angular displacementfof the float relatively to the container. 1

13. The combinationof claim 12, wherein the container has a movable wall movable-"into and out of the container to vary the size thereof; and means selectively to position said movable Wall and thereby to determine the normal floating elevation of the float relatively to the container. I

a I MARI-0N3. ROBINSON. REFERENCES CITED 7 l The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Date- Number Name 9,057 Minnis June 22', 1852 191,887 Rudd June 12, 1877 237,933 Voelker 1 Feb. 15,1881 285,859 Van Depoele Oct. 2, 1883 466,511 Painter "Jan.' 5, 1892 239,295 Fortier Aug. 2, 1892 0, rWeston A ,0 us 16, 1892 Hitt Feb. 9 ,1894

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