US2609279A - Turbojet fuel - Google Patents
Turbojet fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2609279A US2609279A US129696A US12969649A US2609279A US 2609279 A US2609279 A US 2609279A US 129696 A US129696 A US 129696A US 12969649 A US12969649 A US 12969649A US 2609279 A US2609279 A US 2609279A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- volume
- air
- cumene
- jet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UTPYTEWRMXITIN-YDWXAUTNSA-N 1-methyl-3-[(e)-[(3e)-3-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)butan-2-ylidene]amino]thiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N\N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\NC(=S)NC UTPYTEWRMXITIN-YDWXAUTNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100205030 Caenorhabditis elegans hars-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000001018 Hibiscus sabdariffa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004153 Hibiscus sabdariffa Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
Definitions
- Example II A test similar to that of Example I was carried out using a non-aromatic fuel having the following inspection:
- Gravity 10 1.
- a fuel for use in turbo-jets in which the Reid vapor pressure, p. s.i oxygen required for combustion of the fuel is Flash P 1 00-), supplied by air, said fuel consisting essentially AS M Di t w of a liquid hydrocarbon composition containing 115 at least 50% by volume of aromatic hydrocar- 154 v bons and 0.1 to 5% by volume of cumene hydro- 391 peroxide. 90% 510 "2.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 2, 9.52
. V gen, Jr., Roselle. Park,"N,J s
. .forsito Standard Oil Deveiopment com corporatio gn l 1a I NfiDrawing.
part'dii'World War llhasbeenvery rapid. 'LThe advanceshave been spurred on by the potential high speed performance possibilities of "jet-propelled craft compared with the propelleridi'iven type which attaintheirbest efiicienc-ies atllow'er air speeds. V r 1 Early aviation =.turbo+jet=' engines and most or f those presently in -useweredesigned tooperatewith a low aromatic, akerosene-tyraav fuelialmost identical with domestic kerosene. Combustor designs, which were developed originally bv a cut-and-try method,ihave been adiusted to this fuel by subsequent designs until performance and maintenance for sea, level and limited altitude operation are approaching satisfactory limits.
With the increased use of jet engines has arisen the logical question of fuel supply for probable ,exnanding commercial requirements and for possible more immediate military emergencies. These sup ly requirements have necessitated institution of the present broad specifications for a 5-7 lb. RVP, 600 FEP fuel containing higher percentages of aromatics, olefins, and sulfur. Such liberalizing in petroleum fuel specifications will result in better than a three-fold increase in supplies with less problems in feed stock selection and segregation for the fuel supplier.
The changing of fuel specifications has imposed problems of engine deposition in present, engine combustors.
It has now been found that the amount of carbon deposited on vital engine parts can be greatly reduced by adding 0.1 to 5% by weight of a hydroperoxide to a turbo-jet fuel high in aromatic hydrocarbons.
The following examples illustrate the advantages to be secured by the practice of the present invention:
ilpplicafio phlovember 26.1949, Serial No. 129,596
2 Claims. (01. 44 57) .flwampldi'i j A high aromatic "jet fuel having the following :inspBption GTaiVity-. Renrvaponpr ap 'ilfdas'hipointl'lagcc i150 ASTM distillati'on,Fa
-I. B.;P.-..... a.,.; ..e... .a .a; "347 10% l a. 378 0% V 8 V 90%-..' 3133 'F. B. P. 425 Freezing point fF. a .-l0 .Corrosion test qsulfur, sweight percent f 11.026 iAromatics, volume percent ,ATSM
ES- .g... 919 .Brommemumber cg/g. Wanna-reassess; -0 i3 Viscosity, centistokes:
At --40 F At F ASTM gum, mg./100 m1 18.9 ACC. Army Gum Test, mg/100 ml.:
7 hours 16 hours Net heating value, B. t. u./lb. 17,775
was burned in the General Electric 1-40 single combustor engine with and without the addition of 2 weight percent cumene hydroperoide and the following data were obtained:
I 41 57 5s] Jet Fuel Cume ne Hydroperoxide 3 The above data show that the quantity of carbon was reduced 62 A check run showed about the same percentage of carbon reduction.
Example II A test similar to that of Example I was carried out using a non-aromatic fuel having the following inspection:
4 The above examples show that the addition of cumene hydroperoxide is effective in reducing the carbon deposition tendency of a jet fuel only when it contains a very'large amount of arc- 5 matics.
The nature of the present invention having thus been described, what is claimed as new and useful and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is Gravity, 10 1. A fuel for use in turbo-jets in which the Reid vapor pressure, p. s.i oxygen required for combustion of the fuel is Flash P 1 00-), supplied by air, said fuel consisting essentially AS M Di t w of a liquid hydrocarbon composition containing 115 at least 50% by volume of aromatic hydrocar- 154 v bons and 0.1 to 5% by volume of cumene hydro- 391 peroxide. 90% 510 "2. Composition as defined by claim 1 wherein P 5' the amount of cumene hydroperoxide present is Freezin poi t, -76 about 2% by volume. Corrosion t t P s KENNETH MORRIS Sulfur. w t p t RAYMOND A VAN SWERINGEN JR Aromatics, volume percent by ASTM V REFERENCES CITED Bromine number, cg./g 5.87 I
The following references are of record in the Viscosity, centistokes. m f t t. At 40o F 392 e 0 15 p en At F UNITED STATES PATENTS ASTM Gum, mg./100 m1.: a
7 hrs 1&0 Number Name Date 16 hrs 215 30 1,766,501 Buerk June 24, 1930 I b 1 51 2, 03,7 2 Vaughan 913 8,1 July 9, 196 N? value B u A. 2,472,152 Farkas June '1. 1949 When this fuel was burned with and without 2,534,309 shemeld 191 1950 the addition of 2 weight percent of cumene hydroperoxida'it'was found that the cumene hy- FOREIGN PATENTS "droperoiiide" had substantially no efiect on the Number Country Date carbon formation as shown in the following table: 476,227 Great Britain June 4, 1937 I n Com- Oom- Air Rate Air/Fuel Length E 12? hi2? Carbon Deposit'g' B N0 Fuel Used lb./sec. Ratio -E3 Air Air sumed, Temp., Press, g.
F. p.s.i. Dome Liner Total 1 Non-aromatic 2.fl 4.25 300 48 278 2.9 8.5 11.4 2 -410 2.0 50 4. 25 300 48 218 2.5 7.5 10.0 a do 2.0 50 4.25 300 48 278 1.5 7.0 as 4 +2% Cumene Hydro 2.0 50 4.25 s00 48 '27s at 11.0 14.4 v peroxide.
Claims (1)
1. A FUEL FOR USE IN TURBO-JECTS IN WHICH THE OXYGEN REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL IS SUPPLIED BY AIR, SAID FUEL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A LIQUIID HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION CONTAINIINNG AT LEAST 50% BY VOLUME OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND 0.1 TO 5% BY VOLUME OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US129696A US2609279A (en) | 1949-11-26 | 1949-11-26 | Turbojet fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US129696A US2609279A (en) | 1949-11-26 | 1949-11-26 | Turbojet fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2609279A true US2609279A (en) | 1952-09-02 |
Family
ID=22441159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US129696A Expired - Lifetime US2609279A (en) | 1949-11-26 | 1949-11-26 | Turbojet fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2609279A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1028835B (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1958-04-24 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for reducing the formation and for removing carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chambers of Duesen jet engines |
| US3049872A (en) * | 1958-10-30 | 1962-08-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Jet engine combustion process |
| EP0466511A1 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-01-15 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Motor fuels of enhanced properties |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1766501A (en) * | 1926-05-04 | 1930-06-24 | Charles A Buerk | Liquid combustible |
| GB476227A (en) * | 1936-06-03 | 1937-12-03 | Edward Burke | Improvements in and relating to the propulsion of rockets |
| US2403772A (en) * | 1943-11-15 | 1946-07-09 | Shell Dev | Production of organic hydroperoxides |
| US2472152A (en) * | 1944-08-05 | 1949-06-07 | Union Oil Co | Diesel engine fuel |
| US2534309A (en) * | 1947-11-06 | 1950-12-19 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Composition for internal-combustion engines |
-
1949
- 1949-11-26 US US129696A patent/US2609279A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1766501A (en) * | 1926-05-04 | 1930-06-24 | Charles A Buerk | Liquid combustible |
| GB476227A (en) * | 1936-06-03 | 1937-12-03 | Edward Burke | Improvements in and relating to the propulsion of rockets |
| US2403772A (en) * | 1943-11-15 | 1946-07-09 | Shell Dev | Production of organic hydroperoxides |
| US2472152A (en) * | 1944-08-05 | 1949-06-07 | Union Oil Co | Diesel engine fuel |
| US2534309A (en) * | 1947-11-06 | 1950-12-19 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Composition for internal-combustion engines |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1028835B (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1958-04-24 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for reducing the formation and for removing carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chambers of Duesen jet engines |
| US3049872A (en) * | 1958-10-30 | 1962-08-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Jet engine combustion process |
| EP0466511A1 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-01-15 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Motor fuels of enhanced properties |
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