US2501124A - Jet combustion fuel - Google Patents
Jet combustion fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2501124A US2501124A US739657A US73965747A US2501124A US 2501124 A US2501124 A US 2501124A US 739657 A US739657 A US 739657A US 73965747 A US73965747 A US 73965747A US 2501124 A US2501124 A US 2501124A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- fuel
- rec
- jet
- deposits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010024503 Limb reduction defect Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2443—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium heterocyclic compounds
- C10L1/245—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium heterocyclic compounds only sulfur as hetero atom
Definitions
- jet propulsion mechanism is a tube with one end closed, in which a combustible is burned.
- the expanding-gases of combustion, issuing from the open end of the tube give rise to a reaction 'efiect which drives the tribe in a direction opposite to that of the emission of gases.
- the most complicated forms presently proposed consist of the same propulsion or jet tube, plus a compressor to supply air for combustion, plus a gas turbine, which extracts enough energy from the departing gases to drive the compressor.
- the compressor and turbine are assembled axially upon a common shaft, spaced far enough apart to permit a number of combustion chambers to be arranged around the shaft between the compressor and turbine, with an exhaust tube extending rearwardly from the turbine.
- jet combustion refers to a method of combustion wherein fuel is continuousl introduced into and continuously burned in a confined space for the purpose of deriving power directly from the hot products of combustion.
- This invention is based upon the discovery that small amounts of thiophene in admixture with standard types of hydrocarbon fuels tend to substantially decrease such deposits.
- Thiophene is a rather well known organic compound having the formula:
- the jet combustion device may be suited to the burning of hydrocarbon distillates of a rather wide variety ranging in boiling ranges from materials having the character of heavy gasolines into materials having the character of rather heavy gas oils and this invention is capable of being utilized with any of the fuels above set forth although its preferred use is with a fuel of approximately kerosene boiling ranges I claim:
- a liquid fuel capable of being utilized in .jet combustion mechanisms comprising a distillate hydrocarbon petroleum oil boiling within the range of light gasoline to heavy gas oil inclusive and from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of thiophene sufllcient to lessen deposits in the combustion chamber.
- a liquid fuel capable of being utilized in jet combustion mechanisms comprising a distillate hydrocarbon petroleum oil boiling within the range of light gasoline to heavy gas oil inclusive and from about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight of thiophene sufllcient to lessen deposits in the combustion chamber.
Description
PatentedManZl, 1950 cony-Vacuum Oil Company, corporation of New York emm a No mm...Attracts-Amelie, Serial 100,139,657, I i H y 1 ZCIaims. (Glid -.76)" I This invention has to do with the provision combustion condition ""under-eq a jet ing in jet combustion devices.
The simplest form of jet propulsion mechanism is a tube with one end closed, in which a combustible is burned. The expanding-gases of combustion, issuing from the open end of the tube give rise to a reaction 'efiect which drives the tribe in a direction opposite to that of the emission of gases. The most complicated forms presently proposed consist of the same propulsion or jet tube, plus a compressor to supply air for combustion, plus a gas turbine, which extracts enough energy from the departing gases to drive the compressor. In present commercial forms the compressor and turbine are assembled axially upon a common shaft, spaced far enough apart to permit a number of combustion chambers to be arranged around the shaft between the compressor and turbine, with an exhaust tube extending rearwardly from the turbine.
In essence, the term jet combustion, as now commonly used, and as used in this specification, refers to a method of combustion wherein fuel is continuousl introduced into and continuously burned in a confined space for the purpose of deriving power directly from the hot products of combustion.
In the operation of such devices it has been found that deposits of soot-like character are formed at points in the combustion chamber and in subsequent portions of the apparatus. It will be obvious that in mechanisms wherein a device such as a gas turbine is placed in the combustion gas stream at a point subsequent to the point of combustion, that deposits of this nature can give rise to serious diiliculties, and equally obvious that such deposits should be minimized.
This invention is based upon the discovery that small amounts of thiophene in admixture with standard types of hydrocarbon fuels tend to substantially decrease such deposits. Thiophene is a rather well known organic compound having the formula:
but heretofore it has not been produced in large quantities. It may be produced in commercial quantities by the reaction of butane or butene and sulfur at elevated temperatures. v In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this additive in the reduction of deposits, test runs were made in a single combustion chamber of the type currently supplied by General Electric under the designation I-16. The fuel flow and air flow were so adjusted as to simulate of hydrocarbon fuel mixtures suitable for burnpropelled-air craft equipped [with 1%16 burner. Comparisons were made between a standard fuel and two fuels each modified [by a difi'erent'con- 'centration of thiophene. Deposit formation was quantitatively evaluated by v'veighing thecombustion chamber liner. 'The table below gives the results of this experimental work;
Table l Deposit Reduction Fuel Weight Deposits Grams Per cent Standard Fuel 0 90.5% Standard Fuel, 0.5% Thiophene.. 6. 7 39. 1 99.0% Standard Fuel, 1.0% Thiophenc.. 5. 7 48. 2
The standard fuel utilized in the above tests was a hydrocarbon distillate fuel having the following characteristics:
Table II Standard fuel:
Gravity, A. P. I 36.5 A. S. T. M. Distillation, F.:
I. B. P 320 5% rec 342 10% rec 350 20% rec 360 30% rec 366 40% rec 3'70 50% rec 380 60% rec 386 10% rec 392 rec 404 rec 422 E. P 468 Per cent rec 98.5 Per cent res 1.5 Per cent loss 0.0 Color, Saybolt +16 Reid vapor press, p. s. l Acid heat, "F 1 Freezing point, F 76 Accel. gum, mg./ ml 2.5 Deposit, mg./200 ml 0.5 Copper dish gum, mg./100 ml Copper dish corrosion Glass dish gum, mg./l00 ml 0.2 Copper strip corrosion, 3 hr. 212 F. Pass Norwood Ibromine No., g. Br./100 g--- 1.0 Vol. per cent aromatics (A. S. T. M.) 12.1 Aniline No., F Sulfur, per cent by weight 0.035
Pour point, F 35 Tag closed flash, F 116 Carbon res., per cent by weight Nil Vis. 100 F., centistokes 1.48 Water tolerance, ml./80 ml 0K T. E. I... mL/gal 0 weight to about 2.0% by weight of thiophene. the 4 preferred amounts being around 1.0% by weight of the fuel.
While the exemplary fuel set forth above has approximately the boiling range characteristics of kerosene, it will be obvious that dependentupon considerations of design. the jet combustion device may be suited to the burning of hydrocarbon distillates of a rather wide variety ranging in boiling ranges from materials having the character of heavy gasolines into materials having the character of rather heavy gas oils and this invention is capable of being utilized with any of the fuels above set forth although its preferred use is with a fuel of approximately kerosene boiling ranges I claim:
1. A liquid fuel capable of being utilized in .jet combustion mechanisms comprising a distillate hydrocarbon petroleum oil boiling within the range of light gasoline to heavy gas oil inclusive and from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of thiophene sufllcient to lessen deposits in the combustion chamber.
2. A liquid fuel capable of being utilized in jet combustion mechanisms comprising a distillate hydrocarbon petroleum oil boiling within the range of light gasoline to heavy gas oil inclusive and from about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight of thiophene sufllcient to lessen deposits in the combustion chamber.
DONALD P. HEATH.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Way Aug. 13, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Number
Claims (1)
1. A LIQUID FUEL CAPABLE OF BEING UTILIZED IN JET COMBUSTION MECHANISMS COMPRISING A DISTILLATE HYDROCARBON PETROLEUM OIL BOILING WITHIN THE RANGE OF LIGHT GASOLINE TO HEAVY GAS OIL INCLUSIVE AND FROM ABOUT 0.1% TO ABOUT 2.0% BY WEIGHT OF THIOPHENE SUFFICIENT TO LESSEN DEPOSITS IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL68320D NL68320C (en) | 1947-04-05 | ||
FR964251D FR964251A (en) | 1947-04-05 | ||
US739657A US2501124A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Jet combustion fuel |
GB9252/48A GB652760A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1948-04-01 | Hydrocarbon fuel suitable for jet combustion purposes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US739657A US2501124A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Jet combustion fuel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2501124A true US2501124A (en) | 1950-03-21 |
Family
ID=24973257
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US739657A Expired - Lifetime US2501124A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Jet combustion fuel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2501124A (en) |
FR (1) | FR964251A (en) |
GB (1) | GB652760A (en) |
NL (1) | NL68320C (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2645569A (en) * | 1949-04-28 | 1953-07-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Jet combustion fuel |
US2645568A (en) * | 1949-04-21 | 1953-07-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Jet fuel containing tau-butyl thiophene |
US3196607A (en) * | 1952-04-25 | 1965-07-27 | Union Oil Co | Rocket propulsion method using organic sulfur-containing fuels |
US3236046A (en) * | 1960-02-11 | 1966-02-22 | Sundstrand Corp | Monopropellant and method of using same |
US4280894A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1981-07-28 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | High thermal stability liquid hydrocarbons and methods for producing them |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE564375A (en) * | 1957-02-01 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2405723A (en) * | 1946-08-13 | Propulsion apparatus |
-
0
- FR FR964251D patent/FR964251A/fr not_active Expired
- NL NL68320D patent/NL68320C/xx active
-
1947
- 1947-04-05 US US739657A patent/US2501124A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1948
- 1948-04-01 GB GB9252/48A patent/GB652760A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2405723A (en) * | 1946-08-13 | Propulsion apparatus |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2645568A (en) * | 1949-04-21 | 1953-07-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Jet fuel containing tau-butyl thiophene |
US2645569A (en) * | 1949-04-28 | 1953-07-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Jet combustion fuel |
US3196607A (en) * | 1952-04-25 | 1965-07-27 | Union Oil Co | Rocket propulsion method using organic sulfur-containing fuels |
US3236046A (en) * | 1960-02-11 | 1966-02-22 | Sundstrand Corp | Monopropellant and method of using same |
US4280894A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1981-07-28 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | High thermal stability liquid hydrocarbons and methods for producing them |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR964251A (en) | 1950-08-09 |
GB652760A (en) | 1951-05-02 |
NL68320C (en) |
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