US2608187A - Upper cylinder lubricator - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART 2,603,137

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 fitter/regs Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART 2,608,187

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 x 7 Flt-5.2

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Attorneys.

Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 Aug. 26, 1952 MacL. STEWART 2,608,187

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 42 I I I ,36 a a I F. M L. STEWART 2,608,187

- UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Aug. 26, 1952 Filed Dec. 19; 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG6 FIG? 152 '5 g Patented Aug. 26, 1952 UPPER CYLINDER LUBRIcA'roa'f' Frederick MacLean Stewart, Edinburgh, Scotland ApplicationDecember19,1917, SerialNo.792,654 a In Great Britain November 20,1946 V- Section 1, PublicLaw 69 0, August 8, 1946 Patent expires November 20, 1966 a 1 w This invention has for its object to provide for the lubrication of the cylinders of internal combustion engines when starting from the cold state, by supplying a measured quantity of lubricating oil to the cylinders of the engine when the normal .pressure lubricating system. of the engine is not functioning efficiently owing to the high viscosity of the cold lubricating oil.

My invention consists in the method of effecting cylinder lubrication which comprises mixing lubricating oil with the fuel charge prior to admission of the combustible charge into the engine cylinder, the lubricating oil being admixed with the fuel charge automaticallyeither,

prior to or after carburetting of the fuel.

My invention also consists in a method of mixing lubricating oil with the fuel comprising inducing or injecting a supply of lubricating oil into a liquid fuel passage or chamber for admixture with the fuel therein, in order to provide a mixed charge of oil and fuel for starting purposes, and regulating the oil supply to reduce or cut-off the supply of oil admixed with the fuel during normal'running of the engine.

The admixture of oil and fuel maybe effected by mechanical, hydraulic, electric, manual or gravity-actuated means or by any combination of such means.

The method of the present invention maybe arranged to give a continuous supply of upper cylinder lubricant admixed with the fuel charge during normal runningof the engine, with an additional supply of" oil admixed with the fuel for starting from cold, or it may be arranged to supply oil-to the fuel for starting purposes only. The oil supplied to 'the'fuel may be regulated in order to supply a, measured quantity within a predetermined time period or to control the supply of oil during" normal running of the engine.

' My invention further consists in apparatus for introducing a supply of lubricating oil into the engine cylinder with the combustible mixture comprising an oil chamber, amixing chamber or mixing passage' interpose'd' in the liquid fuel supply to the engine cylinders, and means for delivering a measured or regulated quantity of oil to the mixing chamber or mixing passage from the oil chamber for admixture with liquid fuel in the mixing chamber or mixing passage.

The method of the present invention and various ways in which it may be carried into effect arehereinafter explainedwith reference to the accompanying drawings whereon Figs. 1, 2, 3 and4 are views in sectional elevation of four different constructionsof cold start lubricating apparatu ;aggord atpthe invention;;; :;i

. 5Clai1n s. (C1. 1 235196) Figs. 5 to 11 are diagrammatic illustrations showing the manner in which the cold startlubricating apparatus may be incorporated in the engine fuel supply system. 1

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the adaption of the ap-. paratus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively. f Figs. '7 and 8 show alternative arrangements. for the installationof the apparatus shownin Fig.3. Figs. 9, 10 and 11 illustrate three alternative arrangements for the installation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4. Referring firstly to Figs. 1 and 5, which illus+. trate one manner of carrying out the invention,

the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 and designated by the general reference character L in Fig. 5 must.

be positioned above the level of a fuel supply j tank T between the latter and a fuel pump P which supplies fuel from the tank T'to the en gine cylinders or carburetter of an engine E, be? cause the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 relies on the" suction'of the pump P lifting the fuel from the tank T to the lubricating oil vessel L. As shown in Fig. l, the vessel L is provided with a fuel inlet" connection I for connection by an inlet pipe 2 to the fuel tank T. The inlet connection I com municates with a fuel inlet port 3 which opens into a mixing. chamber 4 located within the vessel L through a vacuum passage or chamber 5 formed by a vertical tube 6 which has an oil inlet orifice! in its upper end. The oil inlet ori fice 1 is formed in the base'of an oil cup 8 which forms the base ofa drip feed chamber 9; enclosed by, a cover H]. An oilfee'd pipe ll opens" into the drip chamber 9 and is in communicag tion at its lower end with an oil chamber I2 pro= vided in the vessel L and separated from the mixing chamber 4 by a partition [3. A filling orifice l4 fitted with a filler cap I5 enabls the' chamber I2 to be charged with lubricating-oil. The mixing chamber 4 has an outlet tube 16' which-extends up through the oil chamber- 12 and communicates with an outlet port I! for connection by means of an outlet connection [8' to a 'mixture delivery pipe l9 whichis connected to the fuel pump P. With this arrangement, the suction of the pump P draws mixture or liquid fuel fromthe mixing chamber't which -is fed from the fuel tank T through'the vacuum passage 5, inducing oil the'reinto through the oilinlet orifice 1 from the oil chamber 12-. Theorifice I may, if desired, be fitted withan adjust able needle valve or other regulating device.

When the pump P is not in operation, fuelin-the pipe 2-tends.to return'to the tank '1, thus creL- ating a partial vacuum in: the .apassageii rand;

3 maintaining the flow of oil thereto through the orifice 1 until the fuel level in the pipe 2 falls to the level of the fuel in the tank T. The volume of that part of the inlet pipe 2 which extends up from a level coinciding with the level of the fuel in tank T to the inlet'connection I thus determines the quantity of oil which is maintained in the vacuum passage 5 when the engine is not in operation. This oil is drawn into the mixing chamber 4 to mix with the f uel therein when the engine is started-,"-and-passes through pipe l6 and outlet port to the engine cylinders. This oily mixture is subsedfientlyfollowed by a normal running minarehevmge re-- duced proportion of oil to liquid fuel.

Fig. 2 illustrates a modified formof the'appa;

ratus illustrated in Fig. l to enablethe vessel 1;.

4 inlet orifice 31 of which communicates with the oil chamber |2 and is fitted with a check valve 38. A piston 39 in the cylinder 3| is acted upon by the pressure of oil supplied through an oil inlet connection 40 from the usual engine-driven oil pump 46 ofthe normal-=lubricatingsystem of the engine. E thrfiugh a plpell' as'iishown in Figs. 7 and 8. Above the piston 39 is fitted a spring 42 or other loading means. When the engine is stopped, the spring 42 moves the piston 39 "downwardsfthu's drawing in oil from the chamberlllthrough'the-oil pipe 36 into the cylinder 3|. When the engine is started, the pressure ---i'r'r -thle pipemeeting on the underside of the to be mounted above or below the level of the fuel tank T, or, as shown in Fig. 6 at the-same level. In this case the fuel supply to the vacuum fii'sseg'e' 2 5' constitutedby e tube 20 is controlled bya si iction-valve 2| which opens into the passage i5 and eehueueq'sye spring or otherwise loaded. The m -eaters byway of-an inlet ee'hheetieh 24-through thesuction valve 2| into vacuumpa's sage*25 fan'd oil isdrawn into'the passage-' thrdughfthe orifice 1. The mixture of oil-anti *fuePtherl passes outthrough a-port 15in the tube into the mixing chamber 4' and inough a'tubel lhnd outlet connectionfzfl tothe" fuel pump and eiigine. When theffueI pump ceases, on stopping the ehgin'efoilcontinnes to flowinto thefpassage 2 5 until the pressures*eueyeenabe1ew t e orifice Tbalanc'e each other. f" The "suction in the passage and the volume of the said passagecontrol the maximum quantity, of oil stored ltherein forTe-sta-rting the eng" e. The'rate' df oil' flownecreases as the pressure diirere'ncs abbveand below the orifice 1 equalize eaclfo'ther; When th'e'en'gine is started,

the fuel 'pu'fnp P draws fuel from the mining chamber 4 and this "replaced by'st'o'r'ed oilfrom the passage '25 'untilijthe' pressure 'drops sufiiciiitlyto 'epenwhesu'eueh valve 2|. This re sjilt'ant fuel-oil iixt'ur'e'rich in oil is' delivered. w he 'eiig'ine'fdistaiting purposes The mix tiir of fuel and o'il beco'ines progressively weaker ihieues the em'du'm' or fuel enters the niiiiing'chamber 4; until a normal mixture for normal running of'tliei'en'gine' is attained.

In the'eiiainples' hereinbe'fore described with refereheeite Figs. .l and 2; on is continuously supplied with the liq'irid' fuel during normal runni'ng of the engine; aridaricher o'il'rniirturelthe richness of which depends 'on' th period up to a predetermineddimit dfir ingwhich the engine is n s -mf6tereuen;g i' ssiipplied when starting the e e-e,

A ccor ding tothe form of the invention illustrated in Fig, 3 oil is supplied for'starting onlyp and the vessel L can be fitted on either side of the fuel pump Pas shownin Figs. 7 and 8, or it may lie-usedwitha gravity fuel supply, inwhich case the pump P may be omitted.- The mixing chamber 4 in the construction shown in Fig. 3'

va1ve32=which is; controlled byr a spring 33 or pl'ston39foice's the oil in the cylinder 3| into -the-=mixing+chamber 4 to mix with the fuel :thefein, itherf'uel being either induced into the chamber 4 by the fuel pump P in Fig. 8 or suppliedbjf gravity or by a, fuel feed pump as in Fig. :7. The mixture of -oil and fuel delivered to thfe engine thr u h tli outlt conhetloir all' becomes graduallfwakei 15 oil until 'nheu'y' only liquid fuel enters tihti eaves-the mixing chamber 4; Iri -th'econstruction shown in Fig. 3f the liq'iiid fuel enters the clia'inbert through il inlet tube 43 which extends eewnwerde'r'mm'the inlet connection 29 ena- -epehe into the -1ewerpart of chamber 4.' Th'e oil' ch'arnber I! is charged with injected *'into one of "the1'uel' supplypassa'ges nection 40 which" otherwise loaded and {opens towards the mixing;

chamber 4 -The-valve 3-2 controls'an-oil passage 34-'-leadlngfrom a--chamber-,35 formed in the upper-end of the cylinder 3.|t;3a-nd the chamber; 3iicom'municateszwith an ioilsupplyJpipe 36;.ther 7 be arranged-butslde -the delivering 'jful' tojthe" engine cylinders or carburetter', and is supplied'lonly when starting -the engine. This arrangement can'bel fitted to either side of the fuel pump as iniFigIQ or 1061'. as V diagrammatically illustrated in Fig; 11. In this case the 01 1, is fed into] affuel supply passage at a predeterm1nedi-ate."' For this purpose the'oil pressure pipe 4| connects the usual engine 'driven oil pump 46 on the iigine E'to the oil inlet coni v i e o'tli e' 'hnaer at below the piston 39; e6 that 011 centered by the en pump 46 move's'the piston 39 iipwards against the; pressure ofthe spring 42. eteppme'th'e'ehgme. the spring 42 moves the piston 39"dowriwai-ds and draws l through: the pipje I seem" eh'eek valve as from t e'j i'i-f theme; 2. wheii the engineis re -started thjeleiigifne oil pressure in pipe 4| forces pistomgig' upwards, discharging the oil in chamber 35 pastthe spring controlled valve 33 into and througha r estricted passage 4ft in an outlet connection 1 iehdelivers the 'oil through a'delivery pipe 48. As showiiin Fig. 9 thepipe 48' is connectedto {pipe-49 between the fuel pump 1? and the engine, but it may be connected to the fuel pump; suction pipe Seas in Fig. l0; or in'cases'where-thefuel issupplied to the engineicarburetter or to a'fuel injection pump; as in-Fig; 11;, the pipe opens into-the engine. inlet or* induction manifold 5|.

The-invention is 'notlimitedutothe specific forms illustrated inFigs. l .to 4.01 the 'accom-' panying drawings which are" capable of variation without departingdr'omtheinvention! For instance, the mixing chamber 4 maybe arranged externally of 'the vessel Ii instead of beinglocated withintlievss'el as in Figs. 1 to 3'; also the outlet connection l8 in Fig.1 may 'ope'nout direct from the upper part of chamber 4' in' Fig. 1;"inore'over, instead of the arrangements shown in 3 and 4', the: cylinder 3|anti i tsassobia the valve 32 may be adjustably loaded, such as by adjustment of the pressure of the spring 33,

so that the valve 32 acts as an adjustable pressure reducing valve, or the passage 45 in Fig. 4 may be fitted with an adjustable needle valve or other regulating device.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internal combustion engine comprising a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet port, a mixture delivery port, a check valve controlling said inlet port, a vacuum passage communicating with said mixing chamber, an oil inlet orifice opening into said passage, and an oil reservoir in communication with said orifice.

2. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internal combustion engine comprising an oil reservoir, a vacuum chamber, an oil cup, a restricted oil feed passage connecting said chamber and oil cup, an oil feed pipe from said reservoir to said oil cup, a mixing chamber, an outlet from said vacuum chamber to said mixing chamber, a fuel inlet to said mixing chamber, a valve for closing said fuel inlet and opening under withdrawal of liquid from said mixing chamber, and a delivery outlet from said mixing chamber to the engine cylinders.

3. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internal combustion engine comprising an oil reservoir, a vacuum chamber, a restricted oil feed pipe from said reservoir to said vacuum chamber, a mixing chamber, an outlet from said vacuum chamber to said mixing chamber whereby oil is supplied to said mixing chamber at a gradually decreasing rate when the engine starts, a fuel inlet to said mixing chamber, a valve controlling said fuel inlet and arranged to open when the engine is running and to close when the engine is stopped, and a delivery outlet from said mixing chamber to the engine cylinders, withdrawal of a mixture of oil and fuel from said mixing chamber when the engine starts gradu- 4. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internal combustion engine comprising a compartmented vessel adapted to contain lubricating oil in a reservoir forming one compartment and liquid fuel and oil in a mixing chamber forming another compartment of said vessel, a vacuum chamber in communication between said oil reservoir and said mixing chamber, means for delivering a measured quantity of oil from said reservoir to said vacuum chamber and thence to the mixing chamber when the engine is at rest, a liquid fuel inlet to said mixing chamber, a delivery outlet from said mixing chamber, and means for supplying liquid fuel to said mixing chamber through said fuel inlet to cause the proportion of oil to fuel supplied from the mixing chamber through said mixture outlet and thence to the engine induction system progressively to decrease when the engine is running.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the compartmented vessel is provided with an oil cup, an oil feed passage from said oil compartment to said oil cup, a restricted oil inlet orifice leading from said oil cup to the vacuum chamber, and valve means controlling the liquid fuel inlet to the mixing chamber, said valve means being adapted to open under withdrawal through the mixture outlet of the contents of said mixing chamber.

FREDERICK MACLEAN STEWART.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,904,936 Stokes Apr. 18, 1933 1,960,155 Jameson May 22, 1934 2,096,808 Jenkins Oct. 26, 1937 2,223,881 Armitage Dec. 3, 1940 2,241,566 Winfield 'May 13, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS Number ,Country Date 362,802 Great Britain Dec. 10, 1931 482,504 Great Britain Mar. 30, 1938

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