US2604261A - Centrifugal particle separator - Google Patents

Centrifugal particle separator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2604261A
US2604261A US95913A US9591349A US2604261A US 2604261 A US2604261 A US 2604261A US 95913 A US95913 A US 95913A US 9591349 A US9591349 A US 9591349A US 2604261 A US2604261 A US 2604261A
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Prior art keywords
holder
bracket
holders
pivots
axis
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Expired - Lifetime
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US95913A
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English (en)
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Silverstolpe Karl Oska Lennart
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
    • B04B5/0414—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes
    • B04B5/0421—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes pivotably mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D3/00—Book covers
    • B42D3/02—Book covers made of special materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to centrifugal particle separators for separating particles suspended in a liquid contained in'a receptacle, particularly to particle separators for separating particles such as salts, cells, bacteriae and the like suspended in test liquids as are frequently used inconnection with medical tests.
  • Centrifugal particle separators of the general type, above referred to, as hitherto known generally comprise a vertical shaft arranged to be rotated by an electric motor, preferably with variable speed, and supporting a horizontally mounted disc usually having a number of arms in form of a cross or otherwise suitably shaped. These disc arms serve to support an even number of holders which are movably secured to the disc and serve to receive one or more test-tubes in which the liquids to be tested are contained. As will be apparent, the holders and with them the tubes will swing in a radial direction when the disc is rotated during the centrifugalizing operation.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved centrifugal particle separator of the general type, above referred to, which permits an accurate and simple determination of the number of particles suspended in a given volume of a test liquid.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved separator of the general type, above referred to, in which the holders for the said test-tubes are so mounted that the holders and with them the test-tubes can adjust themselves freely at each moment substantially in the direction of the resultants of the forces'acting upon the tubes irrespectively whether the rotational speed of the separator is high or low.
  • Another object of the invention is to' provide a novel and improved separator of the general type, above referred to, in which the tube holders are so mounted that the tubes, during a period of rapid acceleration, will swing in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation.
  • the strain on the tubes, usually made of glass is considerably reduced so that breakage which frequently occurs at the beginning of the operation with conventional separators is practically eliminated with a separator according to the invention.
  • Fig. l is a fragmentary plan view of a centrifugal particle separator according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of the plan view according to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is another modificationof the plan view according to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 1 taken along line IV-IV of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional side view of still another modification of a centrifugal particle separator according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of Fig. 5.
  • the centrifugal particle separator comprises a vertically mounted drive shaft I arranged to be rotated by a suitable drive means such as anelectric motor (not shown), preferably with variable speed; Shaft I supports a horizontally disposed bracket 3 mounted for rotation in unison with shaft I. Bracket 3 is shown as a disc having four arms positioned in cross-shape. However, any other suitable shape of the disc or a disc having more or less than four arms can also be employed. Generally, an even number of arms symmetrically arranged is advisable. While only one complete arm is illustrated, it should be assumed that all the arms are substantially identically shaped. The end of each arm supports a holder 2 shown as a substantially cylindrically shaped tube open-at the top and closed at the bottom.
  • a suitable drive means such as anelectric motor (not shown), preferably with variable speed
  • Shaft I supports a horizontally disposed bracket 3 mounted for rotation in unison with shaft I.
  • Bracket 3 is shown as a disc having four arms positioned in cross-shap
  • Tube 2 may either receive the test liquid directly or one or more conventional test-tubes I8 containing the liquid and cushioned by a soft pad I9.
  • Holder 2 is supported on its arm by means of a universal joint, more specifically by a so-called gimbals suspension.
  • This suspension is shown as comprising an inner gimbal ring 4 and an outer gimbal ring 5 concentrically mounted with the inner ring.
  • Ring 4 receives holder 2 and is pivoted to ring 5 by two diametrically oppositely arranged pivots 6 and I.
  • ring 5 is pivoted by two diametrically oppositely arranged pivots 8 and 9 to bracket 3 which is bi-furcated at the end of each arm. As a result, ring 5 can freely pivot relative to the bracket. According to Figs.
  • the pivots 6, 1 and 8, 9 are so positioned that the center lines thereof cross each other at a right angle, the center line of pivots 6, I being positioned on a radial line extending from the axis of drive shaft I. While such an arrangement of the pivots has been found to be generally advantageous, other angular dispositions are also practical in certain instances.
  • both pairs of pivots form an angle of less than 90, for instance of 45 with the radial line.
  • the two pivot pairs in such manner that the two center lines thereof form the same angle with the connecting line between the common center axis or point of the rings and the center axis of drive shaft I.
  • the center line of pivots 6 and I may be varied between 0 and 90 relative to the aforesaid connecting line while the center line of pivots 8 and 9 may be varied correspondingly between 90 and 0 relative to the said connecting line.
  • each of the gimbals suspension systems swings about a suspension center defined by the intersection of the pivot axes of the two gimbals rings.
  • the holders 2 with the test-tubes occupy substantially horizontal positions.
  • such position can be attained with the arrangements according to Figs. 1, 3 and 4 while the arrangement according toFigiZ, does not permit a horizontal position of the holders, the extension 3 of bracket 3 being in the way.
  • stop means limiting the swinging movements of the holders within the vertical plane through the center axis A-A of shaft I and the line BB which represents the center axis of a holder when the same is in its starting or rest position.
  • stop means may be mounted on the holders proper or the holder suspension and engage the bracket when the holders reach the maximal position or they may be mounted on the bracket or any suitable part of the separator in which case the stop means engage theholders or the holder suspension means in the maximal position thereof.
  • the stop means may comprise dogs, studs, pins, arms, shoulders, etc.
  • the ring which controls the pivotal movement of the holders in planes through the axis of the drive shaftin Figs. 1 and 4 the ring 5--is provided with a stud III which abuts against bracket 3 when the holders are in a horizontal position.
  • a similar stop I I secured to ring 5 prevents the holder to swing inwardly beyond its starting or rest position, generally a downwardly directed vertical one. It is of course also possible to secure the second stop II to the bracket, in which case it will engage ring 5 in the position shown in Fig. 4.
  • the ring 4 or 5 which permits the respective holder to occupy a position in which the axis of the holder forms an angle with the vertical plane through the center line AA of' the drive shaft and the center line BB of the holder is also preferably provided with stop means, such as stops I2 and I3 in form of studs, pins or the like, which prevent the last mentioned angle from increasing beyond a selected degree, for instance 30 to 45, in either direction, thereby limiting the lateral pivotal movements of the holders in either direction during the acceleration and retardation periods.
  • stop means such as stops I2 and I3 in form of studs, pins or the like, which prevent the last mentioned angle from increasing beyond a selected degree, for instance 30 to 45, in either direction, thereby limiting the lateral pivotal movements of the holders in either direction during the acceleration and retardation periods.
  • each holder is supported by means of a universal joint in form of a socket and ball bearing.
  • the illustrated bearing comprises a socket or cage I5 mounted on or integral with the respective arm of disc 3.
  • Socket I5 houses a ball I4 the center bore of which receives the holder proper.
  • both the socket and the bore are flattened at top and bottom.
  • socket or cage I5 is provided with small recesses I6 at both sides. However, in spite of these recesses the holder movements in different directions are still limited.
  • the socket can be provided with a circumferential gap or recess IT in the side of the socket facing away from the. drive shaft.
  • the circumferential width-of this gap is preferably so selected that the holders can perform all the pivotal movements thatsarewdesir able during the entire :centri-fugalizing operation.
  • the width-of the gap 'must be so selected that suiilcient bearing strength is retained to withstand'the forces acting upon the-joint it, it;
  • the posslbleangle of the gap relative to the horizontal connecting line betweentheshaft :axis and the holder axis is controlled by the relation between the diameter of holder a and the diameter of socket is and is generallybetween l and 30 in either direction from said line.
  • each holder including one or more test-tubes will occopy a forwardly directed slanted position (for instance of a few degrees).- Such slanting position attributes to a preventionof unsettling the liquid during the retardation period.
  • center of ring 4 does not have necessarily to coincide with the center of ring 5, but the ring 4 may be disposed at different level along the center :axis
  • a centrifugal testing separator for separating particles suspended in a liquid test sample contained in a receptaclathe combination of a vertically mounted drivingishaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, a holder adapted to receive a liquid containing Ireceptacle, and .universal joint suspension .means supporting the holder on the bracket freely swingable relative to the bracket in the directionof the respective resultant of I the centrifugal .and inertia forces andother forces acting upon the holder and varying corresponding to the changes in the rotational speed of the driving shaft during the cause of acentrifugalizing operation.
  • a centrifugal 'testingxseparator for. separating particles suspended in atest sample liquid' contained ina receptacle, the combination of a vertically mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, :an even number of holders each adapted to receive aliquid containing receptacle, and a corresponding number of substantially uniformly spaced universal .jolnt'means supporting the respective holder freely swingablerelative to the bracket, .ieach holder support means being positioned on the bracket diametrically opposite to another holder support'means.
  • a centrifugal testing separator for sep- 'aratingparticles suspended in a'liquid test sample contained in a'receptac'la'the combination of a vertically'mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison'therewith, an even number of holders each adapted to receive a liquid containing receptacle, and a corresponding number of substantially uniformly spaced gimbals suspension means supporting the hold ers on the bracket, each of said suspension means being positioned on the bracket diametrically opposite to another one of said suspension means.
  • each of said gimbals suspension means comprises an inner and an outer gimbal ring, a pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the inner ring to the outer ring, and a second pair of diametrically oppositely positioned ivots pivoting the outer ring to the bracket, the center line through'thepivots of the inner ring being positioned at an angle variable between 0to relative to the horizontal connecting line between the axis of the driving shaft and the common axis through the centers of the said rings, and the center line through the pivots of the said outer gimbal ring being positioned at an angle of 90 thereto.
  • each of said gimbals suspension means comprises an inner and an outer gimbal ring, a pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting'the inner ring to the outer ring, and a second pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting theouterring to the bracket, said inner pivots being positioned in alignment on the same radial line extending from the axis of said shaft, and said outer pivots being positioned on different radii extending from the shaft axis and at the same radial distance from the said shaft axis.
  • each of said gimbals suspension means comprises an inner and an outer gimbal ring, a pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the inner ring to the outer ring, and a second pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the outer ring to the bracket, saidinner pivots being positioned on dif-- ferent radii extending from the shaft axis and at the same radial distance from the said axis, and
  • said outer pivots being positioned in alignment on the same radial line extending from said shaft axis and at equal distance from the common center axis of said rings.
  • a testing separator as described in claim 4 in combination with stop means for each of the holder suspension means and coacting with the said bracket for limiting inwardly swinging movements of the holders in the vertical plane through the axis of said driving shaft and the axis of the respective holder when the bracket and with it the holders are in the position of rest, each of the said stoppng means being arranged and positioned to be in stopping engagement with said bracket upon the respective holder occupying a position in which the center axis of the holder is substantially parallel to the axis ofthe driving shaft.
  • a testing separator as described in claim 4 in combination with stop means for each of the holder suspension means and coacting with said outer ring for limiting lateral swinging movements of the holders relative to a vertical plane through the axis of said shaft and the axis of the respective holder, each of said stop means being arranged and positioned to be in stopping engagement with said outer ring upon the respective holder occupying a position at an angle of 45 at the utmost relative to said plane.
  • a centrifugal testing separator for separating particles suspended in a liquid test sample contained in a receptacle, the combination of a vertically mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, an even number of holders each adapted to receive a liquid containing receptacle, and a corresponding number of substantially uniformly spaced universal joint support means in form of ball and socket suspension means supporting the holders on the bracket, each of said support means supporting the respective holder freely swingably in the direction of the respective resultant of the centrifugal and inertia forces and other forces acting upon the holder and varying corresponding to the changes in the rotational speed of the driving shaft during the course of a centrifugalizing operation.
  • each of said suspension means comprises a socket member on said bracket and a ball member secured to the respective holder and pivotally fitted in the socket.
  • each of said socket members are flattened, each of said socket members including recesses in its flattened top and bottom for increasing the range of pivotal movements of the respective supported holder.
  • each of said suspension means comprises a socket member on said bracket and a ball member secured to the respective holder and pivotally fitted in the socket, the top and bottom of each socket member being flattened, each of said socket members including a circumferential recess in its side facing away from said shaft, the circumferential width of said recess beng selected to provide for an outward pivotal movement of a holder up to an angle of relative to the axis of said shaft and for a pivotal movement of the holders within a selected angular range in the direction of the rotational path of the holders.
  • a testing separator as described in claim 1, wherein said holder comprises a substantially cylindrically shaped tube closed at its bottom and arranged to receive at least one test-tube.
  • a centrifugal testing separator for separating particles suspended in a liquid test sample contained in a receptacle, the combination of a vertically mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, an even number of holders each adapted to'receive at least one liquid containing receptacle, and a corresponding number of substantially uniformly spaced universal joint suspension means each supporting one of said holders on the bracket, each suspension means including coacting components for supporting the respective holder freely swingable relative to the bracket, one of said coacting components being on the bracket and another on the respective holder, each holder suspension means being positioned on the bracket diametrically opposite to another holder suspension means.
  • a centrifugal testing separator for separating particles suspended in a liquid test sample contained in a receptacle, the combination of a vertically mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, a holder adapted to receive at least one liquid containing receptacle, and universal joint support means supporting the holder on the bracket, said support means including joint members for universal movements of the holder relative to the bracket, said joint members including an outer joint member mounted on the bracket and an inner joint member mounted on the holder, said outer joint member being held captive within the bracket freely swingable relative to the bracket, and said inner joint member being held captive within said outer joint member freely swingable relative to the outer joint member in the direction of the respective resultant of the centrifugal and inertia forces and other forces acting upon the holder and varying corresponding to the changes in the rotational speed of the driving shaft during the course of a centrifugalizing operation.
  • a centrifugal testing separator for separating particles suspended in a liquid test sample contained in a receptacle, the combination of a vertically mounted driving shaft, a bracket substantially horizontally extending from said shaft and mounted for rotation in unison therewith, a holder adapted to receive a liquid containing receptacle, and universal joint suspension means for suspending the holder from the bracket, the said suspension means including components on the bracket and on the holder coacting one with the other and freely rotatable relative to each other about a center of rotation so as to permit the holder to occupy any position coincidental with any radius of at least a partial sphere the center of which is situated in registry with the center of rotation of the suspension means whereby the holder is capable of swinging relative to the bracket in the direction of the respective resultant of the centrifugaland inertia forces and other forces acting upon the holder and varying corresponding to the changes in the rotational speed of the driving shaft during the course of a centrifugalizing operation.
  • each of said gimbals suspension means comprise an inner and an outer gimbal ring, a pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the inner ring to the outer ring, and a second pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the outer ring to the bracket, the rotational axes of the pivots of said pairs of pivots crossing each other in the common center of said rings.
  • each of said gimbals suspension means comprise an inner and. an outer gimbal ring, a pair of diametrically oppositely positioned pivots pivoting the inner ring to the outer ring, and a second pair of diametrically oppositely posi- 10 tioned pivots pivoting the outer ring to the bracket, the pivots of onepair of pivots being disposed in alignment on a radial line extending from the rotational axis of the driving shaft,

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US95913A 1948-06-15 1949-05-28 Centrifugal particle separator Expired - Lifetime US2604261A (en)

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SE273127X 1948-06-15

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US (1) US2604261A (de)
BE (2) BE489291A (de)
CH (1) CH273127A (de)
DE (1) DE801544C (de)
DK (1) DK75348C (de)
FR (1) FR985625A (de)
GB (1) GB660492A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3028075A (en) * 1959-01-12 1962-04-03 Sorvall Inc Ivan Swinging bucket centrifuge
US3050239A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-08-21 Beckman Instruments Inc Centrifuge apparatus
US3235173A (en) * 1960-07-28 1966-02-15 Unger Hans Peter Olof Agitating and/or fractioning centrifuge
US3377021A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-04-09 Internat Equipment Company Centrifuge rotors, buckets and combinations of such buckets and rotors
US3494508A (en) * 1968-05-10 1970-02-10 Peter Stauton Hoefer Fractionator
US5816998A (en) * 1994-09-15 1998-10-06 Silverstolpe; Lennart Centrifuge for test tubes and containers
US6193642B1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-02-27 Pharmacopeia, Inc. Multiple-axis centrifugation bucket for centrifugal transfer between microwell plates
US20020048515A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-25 Hiroshi Hayasaka Rotor for centrifugal machine
US6579217B1 (en) * 1999-02-11 2003-06-17 Seward Ltd. Centrifuge rotors including displacement control
US20120190527A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-07-26 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., Swing rotor for centrifugal separator and centrifugal separator

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE43103C (de) * H. BUCH unn N. M. CARL SEN in Kolding, Dänemark Antriebsmechanismus für Milchprober
US444162A (en) * 1891-01-06 Benius
US660746A (en) * 1900-10-30 Bausch & Lomb Centrifugal testing-machine.
US986130A (en) * 1908-03-23 1911-03-07 Edgar P Binford Centrifugal casting apparatus.
US1839944A (en) * 1928-07-21 1932-01-05 Charles F Barthels Thermometer shaker
DE643836C (de) * 1933-07-13 1937-04-17 Collatz & Co E Zentrifuge
US2110308A (en) * 1936-02-11 1938-03-08 Ralph W Nelson Device for treating thermometers in hospitals
US2202157A (en) * 1937-06-30 1940-05-28 Henri G Levy Centrifuge

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE43103C (de) * H. BUCH unn N. M. CARL SEN in Kolding, Dänemark Antriebsmechanismus für Milchprober
US444162A (en) * 1891-01-06 Benius
US660746A (en) * 1900-10-30 Bausch & Lomb Centrifugal testing-machine.
US986130A (en) * 1908-03-23 1911-03-07 Edgar P Binford Centrifugal casting apparatus.
US1839944A (en) * 1928-07-21 1932-01-05 Charles F Barthels Thermometer shaker
DE643836C (de) * 1933-07-13 1937-04-17 Collatz & Co E Zentrifuge
US2110308A (en) * 1936-02-11 1938-03-08 Ralph W Nelson Device for treating thermometers in hospitals
US2202157A (en) * 1937-06-30 1940-05-28 Henri G Levy Centrifuge

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3028075A (en) * 1959-01-12 1962-04-03 Sorvall Inc Ivan Swinging bucket centrifuge
US3050239A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-08-21 Beckman Instruments Inc Centrifuge apparatus
US3235173A (en) * 1960-07-28 1966-02-15 Unger Hans Peter Olof Agitating and/or fractioning centrifuge
US3377021A (en) * 1965-05-17 1968-04-09 Internat Equipment Company Centrifuge rotors, buckets and combinations of such buckets and rotors
US3494508A (en) * 1968-05-10 1970-02-10 Peter Stauton Hoefer Fractionator
US5816998A (en) * 1994-09-15 1998-10-06 Silverstolpe; Lennart Centrifuge for test tubes and containers
US6579217B1 (en) * 1999-02-11 2003-06-17 Seward Ltd. Centrifuge rotors including displacement control
US6193642B1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-02-27 Pharmacopeia, Inc. Multiple-axis centrifugation bucket for centrifugal transfer between microwell plates
US20020048515A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-25 Hiroshi Hayasaka Rotor for centrifugal machine
US6712750B2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2004-03-30 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Swinging bucket centrifuge with tapered rotor pins
US20120190527A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-07-26 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., Swing rotor for centrifugal separator and centrifugal separator
US8469870B2 (en) * 2010-11-12 2013-06-25 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Swing rotor having improved holding pin for centrifugal separator and centrifugal separator including the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB660492A (en) 1951-11-07
DE801544C (de) 1951-01-11
BE489291A (de) 1949-05-15
CH273127A (de) 1951-01-31
FR985625A (fr) 1951-07-20
DK75348C (da) 1953-01-26
BE489298A (de) 1949-06-15

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