Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
  • C10L1/2406—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides
  • C10L1/2418—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides containing a carboxylic substituted; derivatives thereof, e.g. esters

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a motorf-uel composition adapted to provide distinct improved motor operation under cool moist operating conditions.
• the motor fuel composition-of the present invention comprises a hydrocarbon mixture boiling in "the gasoline boiling range-which contai-ns-as an ingredient a very small-percentage of an aliphatic thioether of a mono-carb'oxylicacid.
• the fuel compositions "of the present invention may contain'solvent-oiland'other"additives such as lead alkyl 'antidetonants, dyes, gum inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, and the like.
• novel motor fuel compositions'of this invention are primarily intended to overcomecertain operational difiiculties in connection with automotive, marine, stationary, and "airplane engines.
• the difiiculties referred to result in frequent stalling of the engine under idling conditions. This stalling maybe "encountered 'whenever the weather conditions in which the engine is used are such' as t'o'provide' a relatively high humidity, and a temperature below'ab0ut60" F.
• the idlespeed-of cars with automatic transmissions is rather-critical-during a, warm-up andthe fastest idle which be used must not be too fast, increasing the criticality 'of stalling conditions.
• 'stalling'of a car 'with automatic transmission frequently does not occur until the driver'isready to accelerate, so that just at this most inconvenient time it is necessary-to shift the car to neutral, restart the engine, and shift back into gear; magnifying the inconvenience of frequent stalls.
• a fourth factor'affecting'the magnitude of stalling difficulties relates'to the volatility of the fuels now provided for automoti-ve use. The-volatility of commercial fuels over a period of years has'been increased sufiiciei'ltly to increasestalling difficulties as will be brought outherein.
• Ice'formation probably occurs most readily under conditions of light 'loadjoperation, The result is that after a period of light load operation, when the throttle is closed to the idle position, ice already formedon the throttle plate and adjacent walls, lplus ice which then forms, restricts'the narrow air, openings to cause engine stalling.
• a medium volatility fuel was also tested, consisting of a regular grade commercial gasoline having A. S. T. M. distillation characteristics such that 10% distilled at 121 F., 50% distilled at 220 F., and 90% distilled at 342 F. The number of stalls encountered with this fuel were 11. Finally a low volatility gasoline was subjected to the same test procedure. The gasoline had A. S. T. M..disti11ation 10, 50, and 90% points, at 126 F., 270 F., and 387 F. It was found that 5 stalls were encountered with this fuel.
• carburetor icing is related to the volatility of the fuel employed.
• the least volatile fuel tested above, having a 50% distillation point of 270 only resulted in 5 stalls, while the highest volatility fuel, having a 50% distillation point of 190 F., resulted in 15 stalls.
• Extrapolating these data as to the volatility of the fuel it appears that a fuel having a volatility such that the A. S. T. M. 50% distillation point is 310 F., or higher would not be subject to stalling difficulties during warmup. It must be appreciated, however, that a fuel having A. S. T. M. distillation characteristics of this nature would not be desirable as regards warm-up time, cold engine acceleration, economy and crank case dilution.
• this invention is only of application to gasoline fuels having an A. S.
• the preferred monocarboxylic acid is selected from the class consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
• Especially desirable compounds are those represented by the formula CxH2x+1-S(CH2)2JCOOH wherein at represents an integer from 8 to 24 and wherein y represents an integer from 1 to 3, as for example, decyl, lauryl, 2-ethylhexyl, tetradecyl, cetyl and stearyl mercaptoacetic acids and mercaptopropionic acids.
• the amount of the aliphatic thioether of a monocarboxylic acid employed should be appreciably less than about 1% by volume based upon the volume of gasoline present.
• the preferred concentration is in the range from about .05% to .5%, especially in the range from about .1 to 3% by volume.
• esters which are suitable for combining with the compounds of the present invention, as hereinbefore described preferably include the esters, or partial esters, of common polyhydric alcohols and any suitable organic acid.
• the esters of any suitable polyhydric alcohol and any suitable acid may be used with satisfactory results.
• the esters of ethylene and polyethylene glycol, glycerol and the like formed with higher acids such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, naphthenic acids, and other related compounds of the same general character are quite satisfactory.
• Ricinoleic acid which is a major constituent of castor oil, has been found to be quite satisfactory for this purpose.
• esters than those listed above may be used if desired.
• the monooleate or dioleate of pentaerythritol and. various analogous derivatives of sorbitol may be employed.
• Further specific examples are sorbitan monolaurate (sorbitan being a partially dehydrated sorbitol), sorbitan mono-palmitate, or the corresponding monostearate, monooleate, or trioleate, ester, or the polyoxyalkalene' derivatives of any of these sorbitol esters.
• esters may be employed in a concentration preferably less than about 1% by volume based upon the volume of gasoline present.
• the preferred concentration is in the range from about .05 to 5%, especially in the range from about .1 to 3% by volume.
• Example 1 Motor gasolines containing the addition agents of the present invention were tested by the Simulated Carburetor Icing Test. This test is conducted as follows:
• SIMULATED CARBURETOR ICING TESTS 500 ml. of gasoline is cooled to about 10 C. in a Dry Ice-acetone bath and then added to an .Blendor) Oster Mixer (similar in design to a Waring After the gasoline is warmed to above C'. by the mixer chamber, 100 ml. of distilled water is added and while stirring, the temperature is adjusted to exactly C. by the addition of small pieces of Dry Ice.
• a tall-form polished stainless steel beaker of about 400 ml. capacity which was previously immersed in the gasoline is inserted in the top of the mixer so the bottom of the beaker was about 1 /2" below the top of the mixing chamber. While stirring, 100 m1.
• a composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range containing from about .05 to 1% by volume of an aliphatic thioether of a mono-carboxylic acid which is selected from the class of compounds represented by the formula wherein :1: represents an integer from 8 to 25 and y represents an integer from 1 to 3 and from about .05 to 1% by volume of an ester selected from the class consisting of a polyhydric alcohol and a higher fatty acid. and a polyhydric alcohol and a naphthenic acid.
• composition as defined by claim 3 wherein said thioether comprises lauryl mercaptoacetic acid and said ester comprises polyethylene glycol ditriricinoleate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (8)

Citations (4)

• 0
  • BE BE531619D patent/BE531619A/xx unknown
• 1950
  • 1950-06-01 US US165601A patent/US2600113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1950-12-13 GB GB30474/50A patent/GB701160A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (4)

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