US3085867A - Nonstalling gasoline fuel compositions - Google Patents

Description

r: 3,085,867. Ice Patented Apr. 16, 1953 3,085,867 NONSTALLING GASQLINE FUEL CGMPOSITIGNS Elizabeth L. Fareri and John P. Pellegrini, Jr., Pittsburgh,

Pa, assignors to Gulf Research & Development Company, Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Dec. 22, 1958, Ser. No. 781,903 18 Claims. (Cl. i l-66) This invention relates .to gasoline fuel compositions, and more particularly to gasoline fuel compositions that have reduced engine stalling tendencies at cool, humid atmospheric conditions.

When an internal combustion engine is operated at cool, humid atmospheric conditions, using a gasoline fuel having a relatively low 50 percent ASTM distillation point, i.e., below about 235 -F., excessive engine stalling is apt to be encountered at idling speeds during the warm-up period, especially where engine idling occurs following a period of light load operation. Engine stalling under such conditions has been attributed to the partial or complete blocking of the narrow air passage that exists between the carburetor throat and the carburetor throttle valve during engine idling, by ice particles and/or solid hydrocarbon hydrates that deposit upon and adhere to the metal surfaces of the carburetor parts. Such icing of carburetor parts occurs as a result of the condensation of moisture from the air drawn into the carburetor and as a result of the solidification of such condensed moisture. The aforesaid condensation and solidification of moisture are caused by the refrigerating effect of rapidly evaporating gasoline. Accordingly, excessive engine stalling due to carburetor icing occurs as a practical matter only in the instance of gasolines containing a large proportion of relatively highly volatile components. In practice, the problem of engine stalling due to carburetor icing has been found to be serious, under cool, humid atmospheric conditions, in connection with gasolines having a .50 percent ASTM distillation point below about 220 F.

Excessive engine stalling is, of course, a source of annoyance owing to the resulting increased fuel consumption, battery wear and inconvenience of frequent restarting. lt is therefore important that the inherent engine stalling characteristics of gasoline fuels be reduced substantially, where the 50 percent ASTM distillation point of such gasoline fuels is sufiiciently low to cause a problem in this respect.

The present invention relates to gasoline fuel compositions that comprise hydrocarbon mixtures boiling in the gasoline range and that normally tend to promote engine stalling by carburetor icing, which fuel compositions exhibit reduced engine stalling tendencies, and which are thereby rendered more suitable for use as motor fuels. We have found that such improved gasoline compositions can be obtained by incorporating therein a small amount of an addition salt of a monoor di-acid nitrogen base and an alpha-sulfo fatty acid that contains 12 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule or a carboxylate monoester of such acid and an aliphatic mono-hydric alcohol that contains ,1 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule. Salts of primary and secondary alkyl, alkylol monoand di-amines whose N-substituents contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms each and the corresponding mononuclear aryl amines, and alpha-sulfo fatty acids that contain 14 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, or branchedchain alkyl, carboxylate monoesters of such acids and alcohols that contain 8' to 13 carbon atoms per molecule are especially valuable for the purposes of this invention. Examples of preferred members of this class are the di(Oxo octylammonium) salt of alpha-sulfostearic acid, and the mono-x0 octylamine salt, the di(Oxo octyl) amine salt, the diethylolamine salt, the Z-ethylhexylaminopropylamine salt, and the aniline salt of the monoester of 0x0 octyl alcohol and alpha-sulfostearic acid. Examples of other members of the class are the o-toluidine salt, the 1:1 equivalent ratio and the 1:2 equivalent ratio salts of N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, the benzylamine salt, and the alpha-naphthylamine salt of Oxo octyl alpha-sulfostearate. The invention is important in connection with gasolines having a 50 percent ASTM distillation point not greater than about 220 F., as such gasolines normally involve a severe stalling problem.

The nitrogen base salts whose use is included by this invention are polar, surface active materials. While the invention is not limited to any theory of operation, it might appear that the addition agents disclosed herein, by virtue of their polarity, tend to orient themselves upon the metal surfaces of the throttle valve and other critical carburetor parts contacted by the gasoline compositions, thus forming a moisture displacing residual coating upon said carburetor parts which tends to prevent the adherence to said metal surfaces of accumulations of ice of such magnitude as to block the narrow air passages that exist in a carburetor throat at engine idlingconditions. It is also considered possible that the addition agents disclosed herein may tend to orient themselves about small ice particles, thus tending to prevent the formation of macrocrystals of ice of a size sufficient to block carburetor air passages at engine idling conditions. closed addition agents is believed to be attributable in some way to the particular polar, surface active characteristics thereof, this general explanation is more or less negatived by the fact that many other surface active agents, including for example, other nitrogen base salts and amine salts, have little or no effect upon the carburetor icing tendencies of gasolines.

The nitrogen base salts of this invention can be prepared in any. suitable manner. A preferred procedure for the preparation of the nitrogen base salts of carboxylate monoesters of alpha-sulfo fatty acids is described in our copending application Serial No. 781,907, filed December 22, 1958. Briefly, in accordance with that application, alpha-sulfo fatty acids are esterified with at least an equivalent proportion of an aliphatic monohydric alcohol at conventional esterification conditions, with or without an esterification catalyst, preferably at a temperature in the range of F. to 350 F., water of esterification being removed from the reaction by distillation, preferably in the form of alow boiling azeotrope with benzene, toluene, or the like. As disclosed in theaforesaid copending application, the alcohol will react selectively with the acidic carboxyl group of the alpha-sulfo fatty acid, even when an excess is employed, to form the corresponding carboxylate monoester. base salts described herein, the resulting carboxylate monoester prepared as described above, or an alpha-sulfo fatty acid as such, is reacted with at least an equivalent proportion of the desired nitrogen base, the neutralization reaction taking place spontaneously at ambient atmospheric conditions. In the case of diamines or other diacid nitrogen bases, the nitrogen base can be reacted with the alpha-sulfo fatty acid or its monoester in proportions up to two equivalents of the nitrogen base per equivalent of alpha-sulfo fatty acid or monoester. However, the equivalent ratio of nitrogen bases to alphasulfo fatty acid need not exceed 1:1 in the case of a monoacid nitrogen base such as ammonia or a monoamine. To obtain maximum oil-solubility, the diacid nitrogen bases disclosed herein are preferably reacted only with the monobasic alpha-sulfo fatty acid monoesters. The monoacid nitrogen bases can be used either Although the effectiveness of the hereindis-- In onder to prepare the nitrogen 3 to neutralize the dibasic alpha-sulfo fatty acids as such or the monobasic alpha-sulfo fatty acid monoesters. The neutralization of the alpha-sulfo fatty acids or their monoesters with a nitrogen base ordinarily takes place spontaneously at ambient atmospheric conditions. However, heat up to about 210 F., preferably up to 180 F. can be employed to assist the reaction in reaching completion.

Alpha-sulfa fatty acids that can be used to prepare the addition salts whose use is included by this invention are those containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule. The acids may be saturated or unsaturated. The alphasulfo fatty acids that contain 14 to 18 carbon atoms form especially effective antistalling agents and therefore are especially preferred. Specific examples of acids of this group are alpha-sulfostearic and alpha-sulfopalmitic acids. Examples of other acids of the class are alphasulfolauric, alpha-sulfomyristic, alpha-sulfooleic, and alpha-sulfobehenic acids. The use of the intermediate chain-length acids disclosed herein is important to obtain efiicient antistalling action. The presence of the sulfo group on the alpha carbon atom of the fatty acids is important, as in this position the sulfo group is influenced by the carboxyl group. A practical effect of such positioning is that the derivatives of the alpha-sulfa fatty acids are exceptionally resistant to hydrolysis. This effect is important in the present invention as gasoline additives will normally be subject to hydrolysis during storage of the gasoline in contact with water, and as the products of hydrolysis are not as effective in reducing stalling that results from carburetor icing.

Any aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule can be used in the esterification of the alpha-sulfo fatty acids disclosed herein. Especially effective addition agents, insofar as antistalling action in gasoline motor fuels is concerned, are obtained with unsubstituted, saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 8 to 13 carbon atoms, especially primary alcohols having substantial chain branching, a preferred example of which is OX octyl alcohol. Other alcohols of the class are 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, Oxo tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and n-docosyl alcohol. employed be pure compounds, as mixtures of alcohols derived from naturally occurring fats and oils, for example C predominantly C alcohols of the type derived from coconut oil fatty acids, C1440 sperm oil alcohols, and the like, can be used.

Nitrogen bases that can be used to form the addition salts of this invention can be monoor di-acid bases such as ammonia, hydrazine, or any of the class of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl (including cycloalkyl), alkenyl, alkadienyl, heterocyclic and alkylol monoor di-amines whose N-substituents contain 2 to 22 carbon atoms each, or primary, secondary and tertiary aryl, alkaryl, aralkylamines, including monoand poly-nuclear aromatic amines. Especially good results have been obtained with aliphatic amines, for example, low molecular weight alkylol amines, especially those containing 1 to 2 alkylol N-substituents, and branched-chain alkyl primary and secondary monoand di-amines and primary mononuclear arylamines. Examples of preferred amines are Oxo octylamine, di(Oxo octyl) amine, diethylolamine, N,N-diethylethylolamine, 2-ethylhexylaminopropylamine, and aniline. However, the invention is not limited to such amines and other amines of the disclosed class can be used. For example, there can be used primary and secondary cyclic amines such as cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, abiethylamine, dehydroabietylamine, primary alkyl amines such as t-octylamine, and n-dodecylamine, diamines such as N-octadecenyl ethylenediamine, 3-octadecenylaminopropylamine, and heterocyclic amines such as 1-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-heptylhexahydropyrimidine and the like. Examples of other suitable amines are o-toluidine, N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, benzylamine and alpha-naphthylamine. As in the case of the alcohols,

It is not necessary that the alcohols.

it is not necessary that the amines employed in the preparation of the sulfonate salts of this invention be pure compounds, and mixtures can be used. For example, there can be used primary, secondary and tertiary amines whose substituents are derived from fatty acids obtained from naturally occurring fats and oils such as coconut oil, tallow and the like. In such cases the N-substituents of the amines will be straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals that contain even numbers of carbon atoms from 8 to 22. Examples of such amines include cocoamine, dicocoamine, cocodimethylamine, 3-tallow-alkyl aminopropylamine, N-tallow-a1kyl ethylenediamine, 3-"soya-alkylaminopropylamine and the like.

The antistalling addition agents disclosed herein are useful when incorporated in gasoline compositions of the type disclosed in any amount sufiicient to reduce the engine stalling characteristics thereof. For example, an improvement in the stalling characteristics of gasolines of the type disclosed herein will normally be obtained by addition thereto of the herein disclosed addition agents in amounts of at least 0.001 percent by weight of the composition (approx. 3 lbs./ 1000 bbls. gasoline). Preferably the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein will be employed in proportions of at least 0.005 percent by weight of the composition (approx. 15 lbs./ 1000 bbls. gasoline). Thus, a marked improvement in the stalling characteristics of gasolines has been obtained by incorporation therein of addition agents of the kind disclosed herein in proportions of about 15 to 25 pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline. Accordingly, we normally prefer to employ the addition agents disclosed herein in proportions of about 15 to 50 pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline. Although in some instances it may be desired to employ the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein in amounts in excess of 250 pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline, for example, up to 0.1 percent by weight or more, such proportions are usually not necessary and normally produce no significant additional improvement in the stalling characteristics of the gasoline. In no instance should the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein be added to gasoline in amounts such as to produce an undue adverse effect on the volatility, combustibility, antiknock or gum-forming characteristics of the gasoline.

It will be appreciated that the optimum proportion of the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein can vary within the range indicated above in accordance with the particular gasoline employed, inasmuch as the problem of engine stalling due to carburetor icing is a function of the 50 percent ASTM distillation point of the gasoline. Thus, greater concentrations of the antistalling addition agents are normally desirable with decreasing 50 percent ASTM distillation points. The optimum concentration of the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein, may also vary somewhat in accordance with the particular make and model of engine in which the gasoline is used, as well as in accordance with the severity of the atmospheric conditions encountered. With regard to this last-mentioned factor, the problem of engine stalling due to carburetor icing resulting from the refrigerating effect of evaporating gasoline upon moisture condensed from the atmosphere has been found to be serious at low temperatures, e.g. 35, 40, 45, 50 F., and when the relative humidity is in excess of about 55 percent, e.g., 75 percent, and 99 percent. The optimum proportion of the antistalling addition agents disclosed herein, in any given case, will be sufiicient to effect substantial reduction in the stalling tendencies of the fuel at the particular atmospheric conditions of temperature and humidity which are likely to be encountered in service.

Practically speaking, the problem of engine stalling due to caburetor icing caused by rapid evaporation of gasoline occurs only in connection with gasolines having a 50 percent ASTM distillation point less than 235 F. While occasional engine stalling may occur as a result of carburetor icing at severe atmospheric conditions of temperature and humidity with gasolines having somewhat higher 50 percent ASTM distillation points, experience has indicated that the problem does not assume major importance except with gasolines of the character indicated. As indicated, the problem of engine stalling due to carburetor icing is especially severe in connection with gasolines having a 50 percent ASTM distillation point of less than about 220 F. The invention is important in connection with such gasolines. The term gasoline is used herein in its conventional sense to include hydrocarbon mixtures having a 90 percent ASTM distillation point of not more than about 392 F. and a percent ASTM distillation point of not more than 140 F.

The antistalling addition agents whose use is included by this invention can be incorporated in the base gasoline fuel compositions in any suitable manner. Thus, they can be added as such to gasoline or in the form of dispersions or solutions in solvents such as butanol, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, benzene, toluene, heptane, kerosene, gasoline, mineral lubricating oil, or the like, which solvents may or may not themselves contribute to the antistalling characteristics of the gasoline motor fuel composition. If desired, the herein disclosed antistalling addition agents can be incorporated in gasoline fuel compositions in admixture With other materials designed to improve one or more properties of the gasoline, such as antioxidants, anti-gumming agents, e.g., 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol, antiknock agents, e.g., tetraethyl lead, lead scavenging agents, e.g., ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, corrosion inhibitors, e.g., oil-soluble dialkyl amine phosphates, dyes, and the like.

The gasoline fuel compositions of this invention can be further illustrated by reference to the following specific examples.

EXAMPLE I Oxo octylamine, that is, mixed, highly branched isomeric primary octylamines, predominantly dimethylhexylamines, in the proportion of 0.1 mol (13.0 grams) was reacted with 0.05 mol (18.5 grams) of alpha-sulfostearic acid with stirring. The reaction was exothermic, the temperature rising to 62 C. After all of the amine had been added, the reaction mixture was stirred and heated to 100 C. The product, di(0xo octylammonium) alphasulfostearate Was then cooled to room temperature and was recovered as a resinous solid.

This product, hereinafter referred to as Compound 1, was incorporated in a. gasoline motor fuel, hereinafter referred to as Test Gasoline A, in the proportions of 100, 50, and pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline, and in another gasoline motor fuel, hereinafter referred to as Test Gasoline B, in the proportion of 25 pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline. Test Gasoline A was made up of a 2:1 by volume mixture of a commercial-type premium gasoline base and a light fluid catalytically cracked gasoline distillate. Test Gasoline A had the following inspections.

Inspections:

Gravity, APT 61.7 Antiknock rating, octane number- Motor 85.5

Research 95.0 TEL, mL/gal 2.0 Vapor pressure, Reid, lbs 8.0 Distillation, ASTM- Over point, F 98 End point, "P 355 10% evaporated at, 'F 130 50% evaporated at, "F 200 90% evaporated at, "F 280 Test Gasoline B had the following inspections.

Inspections:

Vapor pressure, Reid, lbs 8.5

Distillation, ASTM- Over point, P 100 End point, F 357 10% evaporated at, F 136 50% evaporated at, F 200 evaporated at, F 277 EXAMPLE II 0x0 octyl alcohol, that is, mixed, highly branchedchain isomeric alcohols, principally dimethyl hexanols, in the amount of 0.1 mol (13.1 grams), is added to 0.1 mol (36.5 grams) of alpha-sul-fostearic acid in 80 ml. of previously dried benzene. The react-ion mixture is heated under reflux for approximately 1.25 hours, water of esterification being removed in the form of a low boiling azeotrope with benzene. The solution is then cooled to approximately F. Oxo octylamine (mixed primary amines derived from Oxo octyl alcohol) is gradually added to the reaction mixture with stirring in an approximately equivalent proportion of 0.108 mol (13.9 grams), in order to neutralize the Oxo octyl alpha-sulfostearate obtained during the esterification reaction. The neutralization reaction is exothermic. The neutralization product is cooled to room temperature and filtered to remove solids. The solvent is then removed by distillation at reduced pressure. The resulting product, consisting essentially of the sulfonate salt of 0x0 octylamine and 0x0 octyl alpha-sulfostearate, hereinafter referred to as Compound 2, is recovered as a liquid in the amount of 60.7 grams.

This product is incorporated in separate samples of Test Gasoline A in the proportion of 50 and 25 pounds per'thousand barrels of gasoline and in Test Gasoline B in the proportion of 25 pounds per thousand barrels of gasoline.

Examples of other gasoline compositions in accordance with this invention are presented in the following table:

T able A Proportion in- Ex. Addition agent Test Gas. A, Test Gas. lbs/1,000 13, lbs.

bbls. 1,000 bbls.

III Di(oxo octyDamlne salt of 0x0 octyl 100, 50, 25 25 alpha-suliostearate (Compound 3). IV Dlethylol'amine salt of 0x0 octyl 50, 25 25 alpha-suliostearate (Compound 4). V N ,N-diethyl-etliylolamine salt; of 0x0 100, 50, 25 25 octyl alpha-suliostearatc (Compound 5). VI l-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-heptylhexahy- 100 dropyrimidlne salt of oxo octyl alpha-sulfostoarate (Compound 6). VII 2-ethylhexylaminopropylamine salt of 100 0x0 octyl alpha-sulfostearate; 1:1 mol ratio (Compound 7). VIII 2-ethylhexylaminopropylamlne salt of 100 oxo octyl alpha-sulfostearate; 1:2 mol ratio (Compound 8). IX Aniline salt of oxo octyl alpha-sulio- 100 stearate (Compound 9). X o-loluidine salt of 0x0 octyl alpha- 100 sultostearate (Compound 10). XI--- N N '-dl see-butyl-p -phenylenedi- 100 amine salt of oxo octyl alpha-suitosgriaratey 1:1 mol ratio (Compound XII N,N-di-sec butyl-p-phenylenedi' 100 amine salt of 0x0 octyl'alpha-sulfostearate; 1:2 mol ratio (Compound XIIL Benzylamine salt of 0x0 octyl alpha- 100 suliostearate (Compound 13),. XIV Alphanaphthylamine salt of 0x0 100 octyl alpha-sulfostearate (Compound 14).

The utility of the gasoline motor fuel compositions of this invention has been demonstrated by two different test procedures. In the one test, referred to hereinafter as the Mock Fuel System Test, test fuel at an initial temperature of about 50 F. and air at ambient temperature and having a relative humidity of about 90 percent are introduced at the respective rates of 0.22 nth/sec. and 130 ml./sec. through a 0.25 in. ID. brass tube into the upper portion of a glass icing chamber consisting of an inverted 1 in. X 8 in. test tube, the interior of which is maintained at an absolute pressure of 6 in. Hg by means of a reduced pressure exhaust conduit connected to the base of said icing chamber. Performance of a test fuel is determined by comparing the time for ice formation on the brass tube with that required for the uninhibited fuel under the same test conditions. Test results are expressed in terms of the isopropanol (a common commercial antistalling agent) concentration required in the uninhibited fuel to obtain the same anti-icing action. Each test run requires approximately three minutes.

According to the other test procedure employed, hereinafter referred to as the Cold Room Engine Test, a 216 cu. in. Chevrolet engine employing a standard Carter down-draft carburetor, is operated at no load on a test stand under cycling conditions in a cold room maintained at 40 F. for a warm-up period of 20 cycles. Each cycle comprises 40 seconds at 2000 r.p.m. followed by an idle for 20 seconds at 450 rpm. Air is supplied to the carburetor at ambient conditions and at 96 percent relative humidity. The number of engine stalls is observed and reported as stalls per 20 cycles. The results obtained in the testing of the above-indicated samples are presented in the following tables:

Table B ments are especially effective for the purposes of this invention, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these specific addition agents. Other addition agents of the class described herein can be substituted for these indicated in the preceding examples in the same or equivalent proportions with good results. For example, there can be substituted in the above-indicated gasoline motor fuel compositions, the ammonium, hydrazinium, cocoamine, dehydroabietylamine, and 3-ta1low"-alkylaminopropylamine, salts of alpha-sulfostearic acid, alphasulfolauric acid, alpha-sulfooleic acid, alpha-sulfornyristic acid, alpha-sulfobehenic acid or the carboxylate monoesters of such acids and ethyl, isoamyl, Z-ethylhexyl, 0x0 tridecyl, myristyl, and oleyl alcohols.

It is emphasized that both the ammonium or substituted ammonium portions as well as the acidic portion of the salts disclosed herein cooperate to produce unusual antistalling effectiveness.

To the gasoline fuel compositions of the present invention there can be added one or more additional agents designed to improve one or more characteristics of the gasoline fuel. For example, antioxidants, anti-knock agents, ignition control additives, other de-icing agents, antirust agents, dyes, lead scavenging agents and the like can be added to the gasoline compositions of this invention, and'tne invention specifically includes gasoline compositions containing such additives.

Numerous additional embodiments of the invention will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, only such limitations should be imposed on Test sample make-up I II 'lest Gasoline A: Vol. percent 100 100 100 100 100 Addition agents, lbs/1,000 bbls.:

1. Compound 1 Compound 2.

. Compound 3.

. Compound 7 8. Compound 8 Inspection: Mock fuel system test,

isopropanol equivalent, vol. percent 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.8 15 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

Test sample make-up IX XI XII XIII XIV Test Gasoline A: Vol. percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 Addition agents, lbs/1,000 bids:

9. Compoun 100 10. Compound 10... 100 11. Compound 11. 100 12. Compound 13. Compound H 14. Compound 14. Inspection: Mock fuel system test, isopropanol equivalent, vol. percent 1. 7 1. 2 1. 4 1. 2 1. 4 1. 3

Table C the invention as are indicated in the claims appended hereto. T 1 k 131 uh I II III IV v We claim:

est samnema 1 a 1. A gasoline motor fuel composition comprising a From the results set forth in Tables B and C it will be seen that addition agents of the class described herein effect a marked reduction in the carburetor icing and/ or engine stalling tendencies of gasoline compositions in which they have been incorporated. While the addition agents employed in the above-indicated specific embodimajor amount of a hydrocarbon mixture boiling in the gasoline range and that normally tends to promote stalling of internal combustion engines, and containing a small amount, sufiicient to reduce the engine stalling characteristics of the composition, of a member selected from the group consisting of addition salts of a monoand di-acid nitrogen base selected from the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl, heterocyclic, and alkylol monoand diamines whose N-substituents each contain 2 to 22 carbon atoms, and primary, secondary, and tertiary monoand dinuclear aromatic amines, and a member selected from the group consisting of alpha-sulfa fatty acids that contain 12 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule and carboxylate monoesters of such acids and unsubstituted aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule.

2. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where the hydrocarbon mixture has a 50 percent ASTM distillation point not greater than 220 F.

3. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said small amount is 0.001 to 0.1 percent by weight of the composition.

4. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 Where said small amount is about 15 to 50 pounds of said addition salt per thousand barrels of said hydrocarbon mixture.

5. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the di(octylarnmonium) salt of alpha-sulfostearic acid.

6. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the octylamine salt of octyl alphasulfostearate.

7. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is a salt of dioctylamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

8. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is a salt of diethylolamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

9. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is a salt of N,N-diethyl-ethylolamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

10. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is a salt of 1-isopropyl-2-methy1-2- heptylhexahydropyrimidine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

11. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the 1:1 mol ratio salt of Z-ethylhexylamino-propylamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

12. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the 1:2 mol ratio salt of 2-ethylhexylaminopropylamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

13. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the aniline salt of octyl alpha-sul-fostearate.

14. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the o-toluidine salt of octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

15. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the 1:1 mol ratio salt of N,N'-di-secbutyl-p-phenylenedia-mine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

16. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the 1:2 mol ratio salt of N,N-di-secbutyl-p-phenylenediamine and octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

17. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where said addition salt is the benzylamine salt of octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

18. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 where saidaddition salt is the alpha-naphthylamine salt of octyl alpha-sulfostearate.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,185,541 Cahn Jan. 2, 1940 2,600,113 Jones et a1. June 10, 1952 2,843,464 Gaston et al July 15, 1958 2,862,800 Cantrell et al. Dec. 2, 1958 2,883,276 Larsen Apr. 21, 1959 2,886,423 Vitalis et al May 12, 1959 2,906,613 Mills Sept. 29, 1959 2,966,458 Counts Dec. 27, 1960 OTHER REFERENCES Petroleum Refining With Chemicals, Kalichevsky and Kobe, 1956, Elsevier Pub. Co., p. 480.

Claims (1)

1. A GASOLINE MOTOR FUEL COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR AMOUNT OF A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE BOILING IN THE GASOLINE RANGE AND THAT NORMALLY TENDS TO PROMOTE STALLING OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, AND CONTAINING A SMALL AMOUNT, SUFFICIENT TO REDUCE THE ENGINE STALLING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOSITION, OF A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ADDITION SALTS OF A MONO- AND DI-ACID NITROGEN BASE-SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIA, HYDRAZINE, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY ALKYL, ALKENYL, ALKADIENYL, HETEROCYCLIC, AND ALKYLOL MONOAND DIAMINES WHOSE N-SUBSTITUENTS EACH CONTAIN 2 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS, AND PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY MONOAND DINUCLEAR AROMATIC AMINES, AND A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALPHA-SULFO FATTY ACIDS THAT CONTAIN 12 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE AND CARBOXYLATE MONOESTERS OF SUCH ACIDS AND UNSBUSTITUTED ALIPHATIC MONOHYDRIC ALCHOLS CONTAINING 1 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE.