US2598960A - Speed responsive device with modifier - Google Patents

Description

June 3, 1952 H. G. ADLER 2,598,960

SPEED RESPONSIVE DEVICE WITH MODIFIER Filed Feb. 6, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ill lllllllllll lll 69 INVENTOR.

HERMAN e. AQLER JJMYZZA ATTORNE s J1me 1952 H. G. ADLER 2,598,960

SPEED RESPONSIVE DEVICE WITH MODIFIER Flled Feb. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. HERMAN G. ADLER June 3, 1952 H. G. ADLER 2,598,960

SPEED RESPQNSIVE DEVICE WITH MODIFIER Filed Feb. 6, 1946 Z Sheets-Sheet 3 INVEN TOR.

HERMAN G.ADLER ATTORNEYS Patented June 3, 1952 SPEED RESPONSIVE DEVICE WITH MODIFIER Herman G. Adler, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Novi Equipment Company, Novi, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application Februaryfi, 1946, Serial No. 645,908

6 Claims. 1

This invention relates generally to speed regulating governors and refers more particularly to improvements in centrifugal governors.

One of the object of this invention is to provide a governor capable of performing efiiciently to control the speed of various different types of power plants, but is especially adapted for installation on so-called all :purpOse power plants having some uses requiring governor operation and having other uses where it is desired to manually regulate the speed independently of the governor.

Another object of this invention is to provide a governor assembly connected to the speed control mechanism of a variable speed power plant in a manner to enable selectively obtaining manual or automatic operation of the control mechanism without interfering with the driving connection between the governor and power plant or without altering the governor connection with the speed control mechanism.

Still another object of this invention is to provide manually operable means conveniently located for manipulation by the operator for rendering the governor inoperative and for also adjusting the governor to vary the governing speed range between predetermined minimum and maximum speeds.

A further object of this invention is to provide a centrifugal governor having weighted members movable radially outwardly in response to the speed of the power plant and having means responsive to rotation of the governor drive shaft at a speed in excess of the maximum governing range to reduce the axial force component applied by the weighted members to a minimum.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a centrifugal governor of the above general type composed of a relatively fewsimple parts capable of being readily manufactured, assembled and installed.

The foregoing as well as other objects will be made more apparent as this description proceeds, especially when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a digrammatic elevational view of a power plant equipped with a governor constructed in accordance with this invention;

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the governor;

Figure 3 is an end elevational view of the line 5-5 of Figure 4;.

Figure 6 is an elevational view of the throttle valve assembly for the power plant;

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 4.

The centrifugal governor selected for the purpose of illustrating this invention is particularly adapted for installation on vehicle power plants having an internal combustion engine diagrammatically shown in. Figure 1 of the drawings and indicated generally by the reference character If]. The internal combustion engine I0 is of orthodox design having a fuel induction system including a carburetor I and appropriate mani folding [2. The carburetor II is of conventional construction having a throttle valve l3 secured to a rotatable shaft l4 having an arm I5 secured thereto and having a lever l6 rotatably supported thereon adjacent the arm l5. One end of the lever 6 is connected to a throttle control element (not shown) by a link I! and the other end of the lever has a projection l8 for operating the throttle valve through the arm l5. In the case of a vehicle, a throttle control element will of course normally be a conventional accelerator pedal which is broadly described herein as manually operable. The free end of the arm I5 is connected to a link I9 and the latter is operatively connected to the governor in a manner to be more fully described. Thus, the throttle may be operated in the usual manner by manipulating the control link I! or may be operated independently of the link l1. and lever l6 by operating the arm I5 through the governor controlled link IS.

The governor is indicated in the several Figures of the drawings by the reference character 20 and comprises a rotatable shaft 2| driven from the crank shaft 22 of the engine through the fan driving shaft 23. In the present instance a pulley '24 is fixed to the shaft 2| and is connected to a pulley 25 on the fan driving shaft 23 by a belt 26. A second pulley 21 on the fan driving shaft 23 is connected to a pulley 28 on the crank shaft 22 by a belt 29.

The shaft 2| is journaled in a housing 30 formed of two parts 3| and 32 removably secured together by studs 33. The housing 30 is attachable to the engine by a bracket 34 formed on the front section 3| of the housing and having slots 35 for receiving studs or other suitable fastener elements. The slots 35 are elongated in a vertical direction to enable adjusting the length of the belt 26 by varying the elevation of the governor relative to the engine Ill. The shaft trifugal force. mined in Contact w th the frusto-conical portio'n5i of the member 41 by th disk 4 the 2| is supported in the front section 3| of the housing by a ball bearing 36 and is supported in the rear housing section 32 by a needle bearing 38. A suitable seal 39 is disposed in the front section of the housing between the bearing 36 and fro'ntend of the'housing 30 to prevent the escape of lubricant from the housing. In this connection, it is pointed out that in use the housing 30 is filled with lubricant up to the level indicated in Figure 4 of the drawings by the reference charatcer 40 and this lubricant is inserted into the housing through a filler opening normally closed by a plug 4|. The plug 4| is formed with vents 42 adjacent the outer end so that the interior of the housing 30 is maintained at atmospheric pressure. As a result, overheating of the lubricant is avoided and 'practically no positive pressure is applied to the seal 39.

A driving disk 43 is supported on the shaft 2| svithin the housing 36 and is formed with a cen- :tral hub 44 welded'or otherwise fixed to the shaft 2| for rotation as a unit with the latter. As

shown in Figure 8 of the drawings the disk 43 is formed with a plurality of slots 45 spaced equal -.distances from each other circumferentially of the disk and extending radially from the hub 44 ,tothe periphery of the disk. A ball 46 is positioned in each slot 45 and the-.diameterof the balls is suificientlyless than the width of .the slots to enable free movement of the balls relative to the disk. The balls 46 are enclosed in a cup-shaped member 41 also supported in the housing 36 and having a centrally arranged. hub

'48-slidably supported on the shaft 2| at the rear side of the driving disk 43'. A ball retaining disk 49 is located in the housing 30 at the front side of the balls 46 and is formed with a rearwardly extending central hub 49' rotatably mounted on the shaftZI. The rear end of the hub 49' abuts the-fixed driving disk 43 and a thrust washer 50 l is supported on the shaft 2| between the bearing 1 36 and disk 46. As a result the disk 46 is held a from shifting movement axially of the shaft 2| 6 and displacement of the balls 46 from the slots 45in the driving disc 43 is prevented.

The "cup-shaped member 4Thas a frusto-coniwith the result that no appreciable resistance is offered to reciprocation of the member on the Shaft 21. 1

The cup-shaped member 4l is normally urged t the position shown in Figure 4 0f the drawings by spring means to be more fully hereinafter described. When in this normal position, the balls 7 46 are engaged bythe frusto-conical portion of the member 41 and are held in their radially innermost positions in the slots 45. However, as

the speed of rotation of the shaft 2| exceeds a predetermined minimum rate, the balls 46 move radially outwardly in their respective slots by cen- Inasmuch as the balls are remember 41 is shifted rearwardly along the 'shaft 2| 'untilthe'balls engage the annular flange 52 on the member 41. When this condition'exists all of the centrifugal force in excess of that requiredto move the-balls outwardly into contact with the annular flange 52 is taken by the annular flange 52 and very little, if any, of this force is transmitted in the form of an axial thrust on either the disk 49 or member 41. Thus, the thrust bearings and associated parts are relieved of stresses or strains when the shaft 2| is rotated'in excess of the speed controlled by the governor.

Movement of the member 41 axially of the shaft 2| effects a corresponding movement of a thrust collar 53' rotatably supported on the hub 48 and having a radially outwardly extending flange 54 at the front end cooperating with the adjacent surface of the member 41 to retain a series 'of balls 55 therebetween. The thrust colla-r operates a rock shaft 56 by a fork 51 secured to the rock shaft with the free ends of the arms straddling the collar and engaging the radial flange 54. As shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, one end of the rock shaft 56 is journaled in a bore formed in an enlargement 58 on the housing section 32 and the opposite end of the rock shaft is journaled in a needle bearing 59 supported in an aligned bore '66 extending through the wall of the housing section 32 opposite the enlargement. The outer end of the bore 66 is counterbored to house a lubricant'seal 6| and the adjacent end 62 of the rock shaft extends outwardly beyond the housing. r

A bell crank lever 63 is freely rotatably mounted on the end 62 of the rock shaft 56' and a rock arm 64 is secured to the end 62 beyond the bell crank lever 63. The lower end of the lever 63 is pivotally connected to the throttle valve operating link I!) and the upper end of the lever is connected to a fixed post 65 by a coil spring 66. The post 65 is fixed to the housing forwardly of the bell crank lever 63 so that the spring 66 normally swings the lever 63 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Figure 2 of the drawings, to position the lower end portion of the lever 63 against a stop 61 projectinglaterally from the rock arm 64. The lower end of the arm 64 is connected to the lower end of a second bell crank lever 68 by means of a relatively strong spring 69. The lever 68 is freely rotatabl'y supported intermediate the ends thereof on therock shaft 56 and the upper end is pivotally connected to a control link ID. The control link 10 extends at A by the operator, the tension and elfective arm on the spring 69 is relieved and practically no resistance is offered to-movement of balls 46 to their outermost positions by the action of centrifugal force. Thus, the member .41 with the thrust collar 53' thereon is readily shifted rearwardly along the shaft 2| and the rock arm 64 is rotated in an anticlockwise direction to its idle position. The relatively weak spring '66 effects a corresponding movement of thebell crank lever 63 and positions the latter against the stop 61 on the rock arm to locate the lower end of the lever 63 at the idle position B.

As stated above, the lower end of the bell crank lever 63 is connected to the throttle valve lit by the link l9 so that movement of this lever to the position B rotates the throttle valve [3 to its closed or idle position 7 When the throttle valve [3 is in its idle position, the arm l5 is engaged by the end i8 of the lever |6 so-that operation of the latter by the manually operable control 'link I! imparts a rocking mov'e'mefitto the arm IS in a direction to open the throttle.

Inasmuch as the arm I5 is rigidly connected to the lower end of the lever 63 by the link I9, it follows that rocking movement of the arm Why the control link I! to open the throttle-valve I3 also rotates the bell crank lever 63 in a clockwise direction about the rock shaft 56. Rotation of the bell crank lever 63 in a clockwise direction is effected without disturbing the governor rock arm 64 because the lever 63 merely moves away from the stop 61 and isopposed only by the spring 66. However, as soon as the operator releases the manually operable control link I1, the spring 66 swings the bell crank lever back against the stop 61 on the governor rock arm 64 and returns the throttle valve to its closed or idle position. Thus,

the throttle valve I3 may be operated to regulate -the speed of the engine I0 independently of the governor.

When it is desired to regulate the speed of the engine by the governor, the operator merely manipulates the control II to locate the upper end of the bell crank lever68 in any desired position between C and D. The character C indicates a position where the governing speed is at a minimum and the character D designates a position where the governing speed is at a maximum. Actually, movement of the upper end of the bell crank lever 68 from the position C to the position D progressively increases the tension and arm of the spring 69 and correspondingly increases the force opposing rocking movement of the arm 64 in a counterclockwise direction by the g vernor action.

The spring 69 is, of course, considerably stronger than the throttle valve return spring 66 so that movement of the bell crank lever 6|] to any one of its operative positions between C and D rocks the arm 64 in a clockwise direction and imparts a corresponding rocking movement to the bell crank lever 63 to open the throttle valve I3. The extent of opening of the throttle valve I3 depends upon the angular movement imparted to the lever 63 and this movement, in turn, is controlled by the manually operable lever 68. It will, of course, be noted that as the rock arm 64 is rotated in a clockwise direction, the member 41 is shifted forwardly on the shaft 2| against the centrifugal force exerted by the balls 46 and the spring 69 is thereby tensioned to an extent depending on the setting of the lever 68. However, as the centrifugal force exceeds the opposing force applied to the rock arm 64 by the spring 69, the rock arm is moved in a counterclockwise direction by the member 41 and, since the lever 63 is compelled to follow the rock arm 64, the throttle valve I3 is moved toward its closed or idle position to decrease the speed of the engine. When the engine speed decreases to such an extent to cause a drop in the centrifugal force below the force exerted by the spring 69, the rock arm 64 and associated lever 63 is again moved in a clockwise direction to open the throttle. Thus, the engine speed is controlled by the governor and depends to a large extent on the tension and effectiveness of the spring 69. Although the throttle operating bell crank lever 63 operates in regulating the throttle through the usual manually operable control in the orthodox manner.

As a result of the novel construction engine speed may be controlled manually (as by an accelerator pedal) or by the governor. Thus the device-is particularly useful in conjunction with prime movers and a power takeoff. By way of specific example the invention may be applied to a road vehicle which may also be used as a light tractor and as a power plant. When used as a road vehicle, at which time relatively high engine speeds may be obtained, the governor spring is set tosubstantially zero effectiveness so that at very low speed the balls 46 move outwardly into contact with the cylindrical flange 52. Thereafter increase in centrifugal forc developed by the relatively high speeds of the engine are completely absorbed by the flange 52 thus avoiding heavy thrust on the bearings and accordingly, substantially reducing wear on the governor parts. It is pointed out that in this case engine speed under manual control may be substantially higher than maximum governed speed- Since centrifugal force varies as the square of angular velocity, the provision of the annular flange to absorb centrifugal forces developed by theballs is a very important feature.

The drawings and the foregoing specification constitute a description of the improved governor structure in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A centrifugal governor for a variable speed prime mover comprising a rock shaft, an arm secured to the rock shaft, means operated by centrifugal force for rocking the shaft in one direction, a lever pivotally supported on said shaft intermediate its ends for swinging movement, means opposing rocking movement of the shaft in the direction aforesaid including a coil spring having the opposite ends respectively connected to adjacent ends of the lever and arm, a second lever supported for swinging movement on said shaft independently of the arm, mean movable as a unit with the arm and engageable with the second lever to form a stop for limiting swinging movement of the second lever relative to the arm in the direction aforesaid, and yieldable means for urging the second lever into engagement with the stop means.

2. A centrifugal governor for a variable speed prime mover, comprising a rock shaft, an arm secured to the rock shaft, means operated by centrifugal force for rocking the shaft in one direction, a lever pivoted intermediate the ends on the rock shaft, means opposing rocking movement of the shaft in said direction including a spring having one end connected to the free end portion of the arm and having the opposite end connected to one end of the lever, means connected to the other end of the lever for swinging the latter to different positions of adjustment and thereby varying the effectiveness of said spring, a second lever pivotally supported on the rock shaft, cooperating abutment means on said arm and said second lever engageable upon movement of the second lever in the direction aforesaid, and spring means acting on the second lever to urge the abutment means of said second lever and arm into engagement.

3. A throttle controlling governor for an internal combustion engine, comprising a centrifugal governor, a rock shaft therein, a governor arm control lever pivoted to said shaft, a governor spring connecting said arm and lever and biasing 'saidgovernor arm in a throttle opening direction,

athrottlelever pivoted to said shaft, and being 'engageable by saidgovernor arm upon movement of, said arm in throttle opening direction, resilient means urging said throttle lever toward said governor arm in throttle closing direction, .a throttle having a pivotfshaft, a throttle operating arm rigidly secured thereto, a rigid link-connectingsaid throttle lever and said throttle'oper" ating arm, a manually operable throttle lever pivoted tosaid pivot shaft and having one. Way engagement with said throttle operating arm to -move,said arm upon movement of said manually operable throttle lever ,in throttle opening direction.

- V "4. A governor-comprising a housing, speed-responsive means in said housing, a shaft operable by said speed responsive means extending outwardly'from said housing, a governor arm fixed to said shaft, a governor control lever pivoted to 7 "said shaft, a governor spring connecting said governor arm and said governor control lever, a

throttle lever pivoted to said shaft, means connecting said throttle lever to an engine throttle to effect both opening and closing movement thereof, and abutment means between said gov- 'ernor'arm and said throttle lever constructed to,

effect both opening and closing movement there-' of, and abutment means between said governor arm and said throttle lever constructed to provide one way actuation of the throttle lever by the governor arm in a direction to effect throttle opening movement of said throttle lever, saidgovernor control lever being substantiallyflonger than said governor arm, thesaid governorspring interconnecting the ends of said governor arm and said, governor control lever, the governor-con- ;trol lever being movable to a position in which the governor spring is in substantial alignment with the governor arm so as to reduce the effectiveness of the governor spring to a very small value.

-6. A governor comprising a housing, :speedresponsive means in said housing, a shaft operable by said speed responsive means extending outwardly from said housing, a governor arm -fixed tosaid shaft, a governor control lever pivoted to said shaft, agovernor spring connecting said-governor arm and said governor control lever, the connections between said governor spring' and said governor arm and said control lever being such that in one position of said control lever, the line of action of said spring passes closely adjacent to the axis of said shaft, 2. throttle lever pivoted to said shaft, means connectingsaid throttle lever to an engine throttle to effect both opening and closing movement thereof, and abutment means between said governor arm and said throttle lever constructed to provide one way actuation of the throttle lever by the governor arm in a direction to effect throttle opening 1 movement of said throttlelever.

" HERMAN G. ADLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

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