US2590835A - Alloy steels - Google Patents

Alloy steels Download PDF

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Publication number
US2590835A
US2590835A US126698A US12669849A US2590835A US 2590835 A US2590835 A US 2590835A US 126698 A US126698 A US 126698A US 12669849 A US12669849 A US 12669849A US 2590835 A US2590835 A US 2590835A
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proportion
carbon
steels
columbium
vanadium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US126698A
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Kirkby Henry William
Sykes Charles
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Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd
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Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

Definitions

  • the invention provides a ferritic alloy steel comprising as essential constituents carbon 0.05 to 0.5%, chromium 4 to 20%, molybdenum up to 3% interchangeable with tungsten up to 3%, columbium up to 2.5%, boron up to 0.5% and vanadium up to 2%.
  • the invention includes the following range of composition Carbon .05-0.5% Silicon Up to 3% Manganese Up to 4% Nickel Up to 5% Chromium 1.0-20.0% Molybdenum Up to 3% (interchangeable with tungsten) Vanadium Up to 2% Tungsten Up to 3 (interchangeable with molybdenum) Columbium Up to 2.5% Nitrogen Up to 0.25% Boron Up to 0.5% Cobalt Up to Iron Remainder
  • the preferred proportions of the various constituents are as follows:
  • the product according to the invention is a iorgeable ferritie steel possessing exceptionally high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C.
  • the special feature of the present steel is that it is a ferritic type that is to say it is magnetic, can be hardened and tempered and has thermal expansion properties similar to those of carbon and low alloy steels.
  • Ferritic types of steels as a class are generally regarded as being inferior in creep resistance to austenitic steels, but the steel of this invention is superior 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-126) 2 to several known austenitlc alloys at temperatures of 600-650 C.
  • Ferritic steels have the advantage for high temperature applications because of the lower thermal expansion characteristics (cf. austenitic steels).
  • the high tensile and proof properties of the present steel are also desirable features for many high temperature applications, particularly in jet engines and gas turbines.
  • the steel of the invention possesses excellent scale resistance up to at least 750 C.
  • Suitably selected alloys within the invention also have high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures as judged by room temperature hardness.
  • the special properties of the alloy according to the present invention are believed to be due to the combined effect of carbon, molybdenum, columbium, boron and vanadium.
  • the columbium and carbon contents are of particular importance, but the combination of all five elements within the range of proportions set out herein is necessary in order to produce an alloy steel having the particular advantageous characteristics described herein.
  • the following references are of record in the substantmny file of this patent:
  • a forgeable ferritic alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 comprising carbon 10-25%, silicon UNITED STATES PATENTS 0.51.5%, manganese 0.51.5%, nickel 0.51.5%, Number Name Date chromium 10.0 4.0%, moly d n m 05-15%, 2,432,616 Franks et al Dec. 16, 1947 vanadium 0.1-0.3 tungsten Lil-3.0%, colum- 2,432,617 Franks et a1 Dec. 16, 1947 bium 0.5-1.25%, nitrogen 0.10-0.15%, boron 0.025-0.10%, cobalt in an efiective proportion up 10 OTHER REFERENCES to 5%, and the remainder substantially all iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

Patented Apr. 1, 1952 ALLOY STEELS Henry William Kirkby and Charles Sykes, Sheffield, England, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels Limited, Sheffield, England, a British company No Drawing. Application November 10, 1949, Se-
rial No. 126,698. In Great Britain December This invention comprises improvements relating to alloy steels.
The invention provides a ferritic alloy steel comprising as essential constituents carbon 0.05 to 0.5%, chromium 4 to 20%, molybdenum up to 3% interchangeable with tungsten up to 3%, columbium up to 2.5%, boron up to 0.5% and vanadium up to 2%.
The invention includes the following range of composition Carbon .05-0.5% Silicon Up to 3% Manganese Up to 4% Nickel Up to 5% Chromium 1.0-20.0% Molybdenum Up to 3% (interchangeable with tungsten) Vanadium Up to 2% Tungsten Up to 3 (interchangeable with molybdenum) Columbium Up to 2.5% Nitrogen Up to 0.25% Boron Up to 0.5% Cobalt Up to Iron Remainder The preferred proportions of the various constituents are as follows:
Carbon .10 to .25% Silicon 0.5 to 1.5% Manganese 0.5 to 1.5% Nickel 0.5 to 1.5% Chromium 10.0 to 14.0% Molybdenum 0.5 to 1.5% Vanadium 0.1 to 0.3% Tungsten 1.0 to 3.0% Columbium 0.5 to 1.25% Nitrogen 0.10 to 0.15% Boron 0.025 to 0.10% Cobalt Nil to 5% Iron Remainder The product according to the invention is a iorgeable ferritie steel possessing exceptionally high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C. The special feature of the present steel is that it is a ferritic type that is to say it is magnetic, can be hardened and tempered and has thermal expansion properties similar to those of carbon and low alloy steels. Ferritic types of steels, as a class are generally regarded as being inferior in creep resistance to austenitic steels, but the steel of this invention is superior 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-126) 2 to several known austenitlc alloys at temperatures of 600-650 C.
Ferritic steels have the advantage for high temperature applications because of the lower thermal expansion characteristics (cf. austenitic steels).
The high tensile and proof properties of the present steel are also desirable features for many high temperature applications, particularly in jet engines and gas turbines.
The steel of the invention possesses excellent scale resistance up to at least 750 C.
After suitable heat treatment of steels according to the present invention the following typical high temperature properties have been obtained:
Rupture Test Tem- Stress perature g ff C. 15 tons/sq. in 650 463 Percent Stress fi g Deformation in 300 hrs.
C. 18 tons/sq. in 600 .4 10 tons/sq. in 650 24 Suitably selected alloys within the invention also have high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures as judged by room temperature hardness.
The special properties of the alloy according to the present invention are believed to be due to the combined effect of carbon, molybdenum, columbium, boron and vanadium. The columbium and carbon contents are of particular importance, but the combination of all five elements within the range of proportions set out herein is necessary in order to produce an alloy steel having the particular advantageous characteristics described herein.
We claim:
1. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel possessing high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C., and having a composition characterised by the absence of nickel above a proportion of 1.5% and by the presence as essential constituents of 0.05-0.5% carbon, 4-20% chromium, 0.5-3% molybdenum interchangeable at least in part with tungsten, an effective proportion up to 2.5% columbium, an effective proportion up to 3 4 0.25% nitrogen, an effective proportion up to REFERENCES CITED 0.5% boron, (ll-2% vanadium, and the balance The following references are of record in the substantmny file of this patent:
2. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 comprising carbon 10-25%, silicon UNITED STATES PATENTS 0.51.5%, manganese 0.51.5%, nickel 0.51.5%, Number Name Date chromium 10.0 4.0%, moly d n m 05-15%, 2,432,616 Franks et al Dec. 16, 1947 vanadium 0.1-0.3 tungsten Lil-3.0%, colum- 2,432,617 Franks et a1 Dec. 16, 1947 bium 0.5-1.25%, nitrogen 0.10-0.15%, boron 0.025-0.10%, cobalt in an efiective proportion up 10 OTHER REFERENCES to 5%, and the remainder substantially all iron. Alloys of Iron and r um, V L 2, Hi h Chromium, page 94. Edited by Kinzel and HENRY WILLIAM KIRKBY. Franks. Published in 1940 by the McGraw-Hill CHARLES SYKES. BOOk C0., New York.

Claims (1)

1. A FORGEABLE FERRITC ALLOY STEEL POSSESSING HIGH CREEP RESISTANCE AT TEMPERATURE AT LEAST UP TO 700* C., AND HAVING A COMPOSITION CHARATER ISED BY THE ABSENCE OF NICKEL ABOVE A PROPORTION OF 1.5% AND BY THE PRESENCE AS ESSENTIAL CONSTITUENTS OF 0.05-0.5% CARBON, 4-20% CHROMIUM, 0.5-3% MOLYBDENUM INTERCHANGABLE AT LEAST IN PART WITH TUNGSTEN, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 2.5% COLUMBIUM, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 0.25% NITROGEN, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 0.5% BORON, 0.1-2% VANADIUM, AND THE BALANCE SUBSTANTIALLY IRON.
US126698A 1948-12-16 1949-11-10 Alloy steels Expired - Lifetime US2590835A (en)

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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648602A (en) * 1952-01-17 1953-08-11 Crucible Steel Company High strength steel for hightemperature service
US2793113A (en) * 1952-08-22 1957-05-21 Hadfields Ltd Creep resistant steel
US2801916A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-08-06 Jessop William & Sons Ltd Ferrous alloys for high temperature use
US2823993A (en) * 1955-07-16 1958-02-18 Teves Kg Alfred Steel alloy usable for valve seats and the like
US2853410A (en) * 1956-05-10 1958-09-23 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Martensitic steel for high temperature application
US2880085A (en) * 1956-03-29 1959-03-31 Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures
US2981621A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-04-25 Sierra Metals Corp High temperature nickel-iron base alloy
US2990275A (en) * 1958-09-19 1961-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Hardenable stainless steel alloys
US3044872A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-07-17 North American Aviation Inc Steel alloy composition
US3069257A (en) * 1960-06-02 1962-12-18 Armco Steel Corp Alloy steel and method
US3151978A (en) * 1960-12-30 1964-10-06 Armco Steel Corp Heat hardenable chromium-nickel-aluminum steel
US3183080A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-05-11 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Stainless steels and products thereof
US3201231A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-08-17 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Stainless steels
US3499802A (en) * 1966-05-04 1970-03-10 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Ferritic,martensitic and ferriteaustenitic chromium steels with reduced tendency to 475 c.-embrittlement
US3523788A (en) * 1967-06-02 1970-08-11 United States Steel Corp Austenitic stainless steel of improved stress corrosion resistance
US3617258A (en) * 1966-10-21 1971-11-02 Toyo Kogyo Co Heat resistant alloy steel
US3645724A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Robert L Goldberg Stainless steel
US3650731A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-03-21 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Ferritic stainless steel
US3658514A (en) * 1968-10-08 1972-04-25 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Martensitic steel
US3719476A (en) * 1969-08-29 1973-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel
US3819364A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-06-25 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh Welding hard metal composition
US3855015A (en) * 1969-11-04 1974-12-17 Hitachi Ltd Work roll for hot rolling
US3859080A (en) * 1971-01-04 1975-01-07 Us Interior Corrosion resistant alloys
US3900316A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-08-19 Int Nickel Co Castable nickel-chromium stainless steel
US3918928A (en) * 1970-09-14 1975-11-11 Hitachi Metals Ltd Shank or back material for high speed steel tools
US3990892A (en) * 1972-03-28 1976-11-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi Wear resistant and heat resistant alloy steels
US4465525A (en) * 1980-03-01 1984-08-14 Nippon Steel Corporation Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability
US5002729A (en) * 1989-08-04 1991-03-26 Carpenter Technology Corporation Case hardenable corrosion resistant steel alloy and article made therefrom
US5424028A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-06-13 Latrobe Steel Company Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications
US5674449A (en) * 1995-05-25 1997-10-07 Winsert, Inc. Iron base alloys for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts, and the like
US20040109784A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2004-06-10 Alireza Arbab Steel and steel tube for high- temperature use
US20060283526A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-12-21 Xuecheng Liang Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines
US20100054649A1 (en) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Hiroshi Yamada Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432617A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Electro Metallurg Co Ferrous alloys for high temperature use
US2432616A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Electro Metallurg Co Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432617A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Electro Metallurg Co Ferrous alloys for high temperature use
US2432616A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Electro Metallurg Co Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648602A (en) * 1952-01-17 1953-08-11 Crucible Steel Company High strength steel for hightemperature service
US2793113A (en) * 1952-08-22 1957-05-21 Hadfields Ltd Creep resistant steel
US2801916A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-08-06 Jessop William & Sons Ltd Ferrous alloys for high temperature use
US2823993A (en) * 1955-07-16 1958-02-18 Teves Kg Alfred Steel alloy usable for valve seats and the like
US2880085A (en) * 1956-03-29 1959-03-31 Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures
US2853410A (en) * 1956-05-10 1958-09-23 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Martensitic steel for high temperature application
US2981621A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-04-25 Sierra Metals Corp High temperature nickel-iron base alloy
US2990275A (en) * 1958-09-19 1961-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Hardenable stainless steel alloys
US3044872A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-07-17 North American Aviation Inc Steel alloy composition
US3069257A (en) * 1960-06-02 1962-12-18 Armco Steel Corp Alloy steel and method
US3151978A (en) * 1960-12-30 1964-10-06 Armco Steel Corp Heat hardenable chromium-nickel-aluminum steel
US3183080A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-05-11 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Stainless steels and products thereof
US3201231A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-08-17 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Stainless steels
US3499802A (en) * 1966-05-04 1970-03-10 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Ferritic,martensitic and ferriteaustenitic chromium steels with reduced tendency to 475 c.-embrittlement
US3617258A (en) * 1966-10-21 1971-11-02 Toyo Kogyo Co Heat resistant alloy steel
US3523788A (en) * 1967-06-02 1970-08-11 United States Steel Corp Austenitic stainless steel of improved stress corrosion resistance
US3658514A (en) * 1968-10-08 1972-04-25 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Martensitic steel
US3650731A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-03-21 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Ferritic stainless steel
US3645724A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Robert L Goldberg Stainless steel
US3719476A (en) * 1969-08-29 1973-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel
US3855015A (en) * 1969-11-04 1974-12-17 Hitachi Ltd Work roll for hot rolling
US3918928A (en) * 1970-09-14 1975-11-11 Hitachi Metals Ltd Shank or back material for high speed steel tools
US3859080A (en) * 1971-01-04 1975-01-07 Us Interior Corrosion resistant alloys
US3990892A (en) * 1972-03-28 1976-11-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi Wear resistant and heat resistant alloy steels
US3900316A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-08-19 Int Nickel Co Castable nickel-chromium stainless steel
US3819364A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-06-25 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh Welding hard metal composition
US4465525A (en) * 1980-03-01 1984-08-14 Nippon Steel Corporation Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability
US5002729A (en) * 1989-08-04 1991-03-26 Carpenter Technology Corporation Case hardenable corrosion resistant steel alloy and article made therefrom
US5424028A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-06-13 Latrobe Steel Company Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications
US5674449A (en) * 1995-05-25 1997-10-07 Winsert, Inc. Iron base alloys for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts, and the like
US20040109784A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2004-06-10 Alireza Arbab Steel and steel tube for high- temperature use
AU2002302671B2 (en) * 2001-04-04 2008-01-03 V & M France Steel and steel tube for high-temperature use
AU2002302671B8 (en) * 2001-04-04 2008-02-21 V & M France Steel and steel tube for high-temperature use
US20060283526A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-12-21 Xuecheng Liang Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines
US7611590B2 (en) 2004-07-08 2009-11-03 Alloy Technology Solutions, Inc. Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines
US20100054649A1 (en) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Hiroshi Yamada Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same
US8591673B2 (en) * 2008-09-01 2013-11-26 Minebea Co., Ltd. Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same

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