US2587594A - Process for making decorative sheet-like articles - Google Patents
Process for making decorative sheet-like articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2587594A US2587594A US707022A US70702246A US2587594A US 2587594 A US2587594 A US 2587594A US 707022 A US707022 A US 707022A US 70702246 A US70702246 A US 70702246A US 2587594 A US2587594 A US 2587594A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- film
- substance
- layer
- regions
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006266 Vinyl film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl radical Chemical class C=[CH] ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000485 pigmenting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C41/28—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length by depositing flowable material on an endless belt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/08—Stamping or bending
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
- Y10T428/2462—Composite web or sheet with partial filling of valleys on outer surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for producing a flexible sheet or web having surface irregularities in relief and intaglio conforming with a or other resinous material having on one surface elevated and depressed regions defining a pattern, such as a reptile-skin effect.
- the other surface of the plastic layer may be bonded in accordance with the teachings of the present invention to a fabric layer, for reinforcing purposes.
- Such an article is quite useful and decorative, as upholstery for example or the like.
- a sheet is produced having a surface which, in addition to having patterns in relief and intaglio, is colored differently in different portions.
- the color variations may be relat ed to the variations in elevation of the surface.
- the surface may be dark-colored on the high points and light-colored in the low points, or the reverse may betrue.
- One object of the present invention is to provide a flexible sheet, particularly a thin plastic film, having surface irregularities defining a predetermined pattern.
- a feature of the plastic films produced in accordance with the present invention is that they are relatively free from internal mechanical stresses.
- a further object is to provide such a sheet bonded to a flexible web.
- One method of bonding a thermoplastic resinous sheet to a fabric is by heat sealing.
- the sheet has a pattern in relief and intaglio on the other surface, it is a serious problem to accomplish the seal without destroying the pattern as a result of the combination of heat and pressure, together with the thermoplastic character of the sheet.
- An important feature of the present invention is that the bonding of the plastic sheet to the web may be accomplished without injuring the pattern on the surface.
- a still further object of the present invention is to provide a flexible sheet having in combination with surface irregularities, variations in color in various regions in accordance With a predetermined pattern.
- One problem in connection with such a sheet is the effect of wear or abrasion on the" color patterns; that is, the question of whether the color on the high points of the sheet will disappear when these'points are slightly worn away.
- An object of this invention is to avoid this difliculty, providing a sheet of this type which will retain the color pattern in spite of considerable wear of the high points.
- the surface of the film may be given a very fine pattern of small irregularities in relief and intaglio, combined with large or small colored patterns.
- the film may be made thick in some regions and thin in others, with interestin'g optical effects.
- variations in thickness produced on one surface of the film may be used in connection with certain chemical proc 'ess'es referred to herein to, produce additional patterns in relief and intaglio by chemical means on the other surface of the film.
- Fig. l.- is a photolithographic plan view. of an article which may be produced by the teachings of the present invention, showing the exposed surface of a layer of plastic material, having irregularities in the elevation of the surface and also variations in the color of the surface in accordance with a predetermined pattern, so as to provide an appearance similar to that of a two-toned reptile skin.
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, with exaggerated thickness, of the article shown in Fig. 1, including a plastic sheet with an exposed two-toned surface and a fabric reinforcing web bonded to the other surface of the plastic sheet, the section being taken through the plane 2-2 indicated in that figure.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view with exaggerated thickness of a film or sheet of resinous material which has a single-colored appearance from its surface and which is not bonded to a fabric reinforcing web.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic elevational view of one embodiment of apparatus which may be used to make such a sheet as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- Fig. 4 for a description of a process and apparatus which may be used to produce such an article as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- This apparatus makes use of a continuously advancing carrier l2.
- the carrier is embossed. It may be embossed prior to its use in the present apparatus, or means for embossing the carrier may be provided as part of this apparatus.
- the carrier should be fiexible and should provide a surface from which the film to be formed thereon may be readily stripped.
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of an embossing roller which may comprise apart of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4.
- Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged elevational view of a portion of the roller shown in Fig. 5, near the upper boundary of said roller.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic elevational view of apparatus which may be substituted for certain portions of the apparatus shown in' Fig. l, for bonding fabric to the smooth side of the film.
- Figs. 8-13 are sectional views showing various stages of forming, by the herein-discribed embossed carrier method, afilm having a two-toned irregular surface and a fabric backing layer.
- Fig. 8 represents the carrier before embossing.
- Fig. 9 represents the carrier after it is embossed.
- Fig. 10 represents the embossed carrier after application of a film-forming substance to high points thereof.
- Fig. 11 represents the elements shown in Fig. 10 after having had a continuous layer of film formed thereover.
- Fig. 12 represents elements shown in Fig. 11 together with another layer of film-forming substance, which is still in the fiuid condition.
- Fig. 13 represents the elements shown in Fig. 12 together with a fabric web applied thereto, the film-forming substance having been subsequently dried. 7
- This sheet may be considered to comprise a plastic portion In bonded to a fabric portion II.
- the plastic portion is provided on the exposed side shown in Fig. 1 with surface irregularities in relief and intaglio in accordance with a predetermined pattern, in the present case, one corresponding to a reptile skin.
- the sheet When the sheet is subjected to normal wear, minute portions of the high regions are removed or worn away, but relatively little wear occurs in the low by first applying to a base web of paper a substance which will give to the paper a smooth, hard surface which will not be damaged by diluents or other substances to be used in the film to be formed thereon, and which also will not be appreciably damaged by heat in the ovens through which it mustpass, during the process.
- the paper may be treated with some substance such as melamine, modified alkyds, varnish, nitrocellulose, lacquer, proxylene, casein, glycerine, polyvinyl alcohol, shellac, rubber, gums or the like, or a combination of such substances.
- the carrier is embossed so that the side bearing the above-mentioned permanently-adhering coating corresponds to the negative of the surface shown in Fig. 1;, that is, the coated carrier surface has a depression in regions where it is desired that the surface shown in Fig. 1 is,
- Fig. 4 is an elevational view showing schematically the embossing roller [4.
- Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged elevational view near the upper boundary of this roller, showing its surface irregularities.
- roller l4 may be a male metallic roller and roller [5 may be of some yielding material such as rubber.
- the carrier is not necessarily restricted to a paper construction.
- an embossed metallic carrier could be used. In this case it would probably be in the form of an endless belt, instead of in the form of a web such as is used in the present illustration.
- Figs. 8-13 illustrate various steps in the process, with 5pccial reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
- the previouslyapplied permanently-adhering coating of the carrier is not shown-in these figures for convenience, but may be assumed to be present.
- Fig. 8 the carrier is shown before being embossed, as atstation A of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 9 the carrier is shown after having been embossed, as at station B.
- a two-toned effect is desired, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2
- there is now applied to only the high points of the embossed carrier a film-forming substance of a color which will .but preferably not from a solution, in order to produce a film free from holes and weakv spots.
- a satisfactory substance to beapplied to the high points of the carrier may comprise a vinyl resin such as a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, or a similar product, a plasticizer such as dioctyle phthalate, a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, and a. pigmenting material such as titanium dioxide.
- a satisfactory copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride for this purpose is one comprising approximately 90% vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate by weight and. having an average molecular weight of approximately 18,000.
- a satisfactory example of such a substance is presently sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation under the trade mark VYNS.
- the titanium dioxide which is white, will cause the resinous material applied to the high points of the carrier to be light-colored.
- VYNS Vinyl acetate-chloride copolymer
- Dioctyle phthalate 33 Methyl ethyl ketone 1000 Titanium dioxide 50
- Appropriate means are provided for applying such a film-forming solution to the high points of the carrier.
- a metallic roller l6 In the present example there is provided above the carrier and lightly touching the upper regions of same a metallic roller l6. This roller may be lightly etched or roughened scn as. to have minute irregularities therein capable of holding small quantities of ink or dispersion.
- a doctor roller H To the right of and cooperating with this roller is a doctor roller H, which, together with the roller I 6, forms a trough for holding the dispersion, ink, or other film-forming substance to be applied to the carrier.
- Means not shown are provided for damming up the ends of the trough.
- the solution may be supplied to this trough from a mixing vat l8 through a pipe 49.
- the roller l6 may in the present example rotate counterclockwise and the doctor roller ll may ro tate clockwise. It is observed that the roller I? does notcontact the carrier. As a result 01 the cooperation of the rollers l0 and IT, a coating of solution is applied to the roller IS.
- a doctor blade 20 is provided for removing excess solution from the roller I 6. Underneath the carrier and opin advancing the carrier. Pressure between the rollers l6 and Z1 is very light in order to avoid flattening out the embossed carrier.
- ration of these rollers is so adjusted that a coating of solution is applied to only the high points of the carrier l2.
- Fig. 10 which shows the embossed carrier 12 to the high points of which there have been applied portions lb of film-forming substance. This figure represents conditions prevailing at station C of Fig. 4.
- the carrier is then passed through a drying I oven 22, or is subjected to other drying means.
- a backing roller 2 l which may conveniently'be of smooth, metallic construction, .fI'his roller rotates clockwise and aids A continuous coating of a film-forming dispersion, in the present case of a darker color than the first-applied substance, is now applied over the carrier.
- the reason for this is that the solution applied to the high points should have a high solid content and yet be quite fluid, a condition more easily obtained when using a copolymer of relatively low molecular weight.
- the film may be formed from two or more successive layers of the same dispersion, omitting the step of applying a filmforming substance to only the high points of the carrier.
- the film-forming'substance of which the main body of the film is formed will, as stated, be in general a dispersion, emulsion or organosol of a resin in a fluid vehicle.
- a dispersion of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, a plasticizer, diluents and a pigment may, as in the specific example given below, comprise a relatively highboiling diluent and a lower-boiling diluent.
- the vinyl acetate-chloride copolymer for this purpose may conveniently comprise approximately 95% vinyl chloride and 5% vinyl acetate, and may have a molecular weight of approximately 24,000.
- a satisfactory example of such a copolymer is one presently sold by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation under the trade mark VYNV-l.
- Dioctyl phthalate is a satisfactory plasticizing agent.
- Xylol may satisfactoriiy be used-as a relatively high boiling diluent, or in stead of xylol there may be used a treated petroleum solvent comprising approximately aromatics and 20% aliphatics, having a boiling range approximately as follows: 5%, 138 C.; 168 C.
- An example of such a solvent is a solvent presently sold by Standard Oil Company of New Jersey under the trade mark Solvesso.
- a lower boiling diluent there may be used a petroleum distillate having an aromatic content of approximately 9 and having a boiling range approximately as follows: 5%, 123 C.; 95%, C.
- An example of such a diluent is the solvent presently sold by the Anderson- Pritchard Oil Company under the trade mark fApco thinner; Carbon black may beused as The sepaa pigment.
- VYNV-l Vinyl acetate-chloride copolymer 1000 Dioctyl phthalate 500 Xylol or Solvesso 200 Apco 400 Carbon black 100
- VYNV-l Vinyl acetate-chloride copolymer 1000
- Dioctyl phthalate 500
- Xylol or Solvesso 200 Apco 400 Carbon black 100
- the time of grinding and the optimum temperature will be determined by the nature and ratio of the components. As an example, grinding for about 24 hours may be necessary, and for some mixtures the temperature should be about 100 F.
- a reverse roller coater of the type illustrated may be used satisfactorily for applying the dig; persion which will form the main body of the film.
- There may be provided a smooth, metallic roller 23, rotating clockwise, above the carrier, and a I similar roller 24 on the right thereof, also rotating clockwise.
- the roller 23 touches the upper surface of the carrier, and is wiped across same, but the roller 24 does not contact the carrier.
- Rollers 23 and 24 are very slightly separated, and together they may form a trough for holding film-forming substance to be applied to the carrier. This substance may be supplied to the trough from a mixing vat 25 through a pipe 26.
- roller 23 Underneath the carrier and opposed to the roller 23 is a rubber-coated roller 2! which rotates clockwise and advances the carrier. As a result of a cooperation of the rollers 23 and 24, a coating of dispersion is applied to the roller 23, and
- this roller is applied by this roller as a continuous coating 'Ijs to the carrier so as to extend over the previously applied portions of film-forming material.
- Fig. 11 shows the embossed carrier 12 bearing the portions lflb of light-colored film-forming solution and a first 2 continuous coating of dark-colored film-forming dispersion thereover, as at station D of Fig. 4.
- ihe carrier may then be passed through a drying oven 28.
- a second layer of dispersion similar to the last-applied layer is then applied by suitable coating means, such as another reverse roller coater, including a set of cooperating rollers 29, 33 and 3
- Dispersion may be supplied to this coating means from a mixing vat 32 through a pipe 33.
- Fig. 12 corresponds to the conditions prevailing at station E of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 12 there is shown the embossed carrier i2 bearing the portions "lb of light-colored filmforming substance on the high points of the carrier, and the two layers of dark-colored filmforming substance thereover. It is observed that the upper layer of dark dispersion is still wet. Eventually .these two layers, when dried, will merge into one integral layer. Under some circumstances it may be possible to omit the application of the last layer of dispersion and the drying oven 28, m rely using a smooth thicker first continuous layer. It has been found, however, that it is more satisfactory to form the film from a plurality of layers rather than from a single thick layer. It is necessary that the film be of sufficient thickness that the variations in elevation of the carrier do not produce weak spots in the film, and the necessary thickness ill can best be obtained by the application of successive layers.
- a layer of a fabric is applied in a superposed position thereto.
- This fabric H may be carried by a reel 34, as shown in Fig. 4. It is drawn from this reel and, with the carrier, advanced by a pair'of cooperating guide rollers 35 and 36.
- Fig. 13 shows the carrier bearing the completed article, before stripping.
- the carrier and its layer are then passed through a pair of stripping rollers 38 and 39. where the finished fabric-backed film is stripped from the coated carrier, the former being wound upon a reel 43 and the latter upon a reel 4
- the finished article is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the carrier bearing its coatings of film could be passed through a conventional drying oven, not shown. It may then be passed into apparatus such as that shown in Fig. '7.
- This apparatus may be provided with a belt 42 carried by a series of guiding and tensioning rollers 43, and passing around a heated roller or drum M.
- the carrier l2 bearing the film may be passed over one of the guide rollers 43 and around the heated roller 34. From the reel 3 1 the fabric II will be fed between the film ill and the roller 44 and around this roller.
- the belt 42 will also pass around the roller 4t and serve to exert pressure of the film it against the fabric H.
- the combination of heat and pressure will cause the fabric ii to become bonded to the film llJ.
- the carrier, film and fabric may pass over another guide roller 43 and leave the belt 42.
- Stripping rollers 38 and 33 may be used as previously described to separate the carrier from the film and fabric.
- One advantage of this system is that since the film is in contact with the embossed carrier at the time heat and pressure is applied, the carrier causes the film to retain its shape, even though it may be slightly softened temporarily.
- films formed from fluid film-forming substance on an embossed carrier are relatively free from internal stresses, such freedom being desirable.
- the film may be so thin there that appreciably greater light will be transmitted through these regions than is transmitted through the thicker regions of the film, with an apparent two-toned effect.
- the carrier is embossed so as to cause the layers of film-forming substance applied thereover to be relatively thick in certain regions and relatively thin in other regions.
- Patent, No. 2,575,046 of Chavannes et al. is applied to the exposed surface of the film.
- undulations are produced in varying degree in the thicker regionsof'the film as compared with the thinner regions.
- the film may then be dried, fused and stripped from the carrier/without applying any fabric layer. It will as a result have portions inroller or a doctor knife, leaving film-forming substance in only the low points of the carrier.
- one or more continuous layers of film-forming substance of a different color may be cast thereover, along with a layer of fabric, if desired.
- the article is dried, fused and stripped, the surface which was next to the carrier will have a two-toned appearance.
- the high points of the film will comprise relatively thin layers of a differently colored substance from the remainder of the film.
- a fabric reinforcing web may be used which bears a decorative printed design, and the film formed on the embossed carrier may be relatively transparent, so that the pattern may be seen through the film.
- a method of producing a flexible vinyl film having a two-toned irregular surface comprising the steps of applying a fluid substance including a vinyl resin to only the high regions of an embossed surface of an advancing flexible carrier, so as to leave exposed the low regions of said surface, drying said substance on said high regions, said surface being only lightly adhesive to vinyl resin when the latter is dried thereon, forming over said exposed low regions of said surface and over said dried.
- a fluid substance including a vinyl resin to only the high regions of an embossed surface of an advancing flexible carrier, so as to leave exposed the low regions of said surface, drying said substance on said high regions, said surface being only lightly adhesive to vinyl resin when the latter is dried thereon, forming over said exposed low regions of said surface and over said dried.
- film-forming dispersion comprising a vinyl resin, a plasticizer, and a diluent, said dispersion being sufficiently inert in relation to said dried first-applied substance not to dissolve same and destroy the pattern thereof, and being colored differently from said first-applied substance, drying said layer, bonding said dried layer permanently to said dried first-applied substance by heating them to a fusing temperature, and
- a method of producing a flexible, vinyl film having a two-toned irregular surface comprising the steps of applying a fluid substance including a vinyl resin to only the high regions of an embossed surface of an advancing flexible carrier, so as to leave exposed the low regions of said surface, drying said substance on said high regions, said surface being only lightly adhesive to vinyl resin when the latter is dried thereon, forming over said exposed low regions of said surface and over said dried, first-applied substance on said high regions a continuous layer of a filmforming dispersion comprising a vinyl resin, a plasticizer, and a diluent, said dispersion being sufficiently inert in relation to said dried firstapplied substance not to dissolve same and destroy the pattern thereof, and being colored differently from said first-applied substance, drying said layer, thereafter applying a layer of fabric to the exposed surface of said dried layer, applying heat to the surface of said fabric opposite said layer to bond and fuse said layer to said fabric, while maintaining said embossed carrier in contact with said layer, cooling said layer in contact with said carrier and said fabric,
- a method of producing a flexible, decorative, sheet-like article comprising the steps of advancing a flexible carrier embossed in only selected areas in accordance With a fine pattern of a plurality of ridges and valleys in each of said areas, transferring to only the high points of said embossed areas of said carrier a first, colored, readily-driable film-forming substance including a vinyl resin, drying said substance, said carrier being only lightly adhesive to vinyl resin when the latter is dried thereon, applying direc ly over said dried substance in said embossed areas and over the exposed unembossed areas of said carrier at least one continuous layer of a filmforming dispersion of a second color, said dispersion comprising a vinyl resin, a plasticizer, and a diluent, said dispersion being sufficiently inert in relation to said dried first-applied substance not to dissolve same, drying said layer, fusing said layers and stripping same.
- a method of producing a continuous, flexible, decorative, sheet-like web having an embossed front face and an undulated opposite face comprising the steps of applying to a surface of an advancing flexible carrier embossed to have high regions and low regions a continuous layer of a fluid film-forming dispersion comprising a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, a plasticizer, and a diluent, heating said dispersion sufiiciently to partly dry same, applying a swelling agent comprising an organic solvent for said copolymer uniformly over substantially the entire exposed surface thereof, whereby to produce undulations in said exposed surface thereof, completing the drying of said layer, fusing said layer, and thereafter stripping same from said carrier.
- a method of producing flexible film having on one face an undulated area the boundaries of which conform with a desired configuration comprising the steps of embossing an advancing, flexible carrier so as to produce certain markedly depressed regions, applying at least one layer of a film-forming substance thereover so as to have an approximately even upper surface, said sub stance comprising a dispersion of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, a plasticizer, and a diluent, applying a swelling agent comprising an organic solvent for said copolymer uniformly to all parts of the exposed surface of said layer in order to produce visible undulations only in the thicker regions when the carrier is depressed, drying and fusing said layer, and stripping same from said carrier.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL69994D NL69994C (fr) | 1946-10-31 | ||
US707022A US2587594A (en) | 1946-10-31 | 1946-10-31 | Process for making decorative sheet-like articles |
GB27501/47A GB661171A (en) | 1946-10-31 | 1947-10-14 | Improvements in or relating to decorative sheet-like articles and process and apparatus for making same |
FR960127D FR960127A (fr) | 1946-10-31 | 1948-01-23 | |
BE480070A BE480070A (fr) | 1946-10-31 | 1948-02-02 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US707022A US2587594A (en) | 1946-10-31 | 1946-10-31 | Process for making decorative sheet-like articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2587594A true US2587594A (en) | 1952-03-04 |
Family
ID=24840048
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US707022A Expired - Lifetime US2587594A (en) | 1946-10-31 | 1946-10-31 | Process for making decorative sheet-like articles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2587594A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE480070A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR960127A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB661171A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL69994C (fr) |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2648487A (en) * | 1947-07-25 | 1953-08-11 | St Regis Paper Co | Bag for packaging tacky polymeric materials |
US2700629A (en) * | 1950-01-30 | 1955-01-25 | American Photofoil Corp | Method for transferring a decoration to a surface |
US2704735A (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1955-03-22 | Columbus Coated Fabrics Corp | Method and apparatus for casting vinyl film continuously |
US2932855A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1960-04-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method for forming film or sheeting |
US3009847A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1961-11-21 | Du Pont | Magnetic recording tape and process of making same |
US3098438A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1963-07-23 | Erich A Freund | Method of printing |
US3137609A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1964-06-16 | Celanese Corp | Decorative material |
US3301741A (en) * | 1963-09-11 | 1967-01-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Adhesive sheet and method of making |
US3434862A (en) * | 1966-02-11 | 1969-03-25 | Jane Luc | Decorative process |
US4052236A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-10-04 | Pandel-Bradford, Inc. | Method of preparing imitation sheet material |
US4053669A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-10-11 | Pandel-Bradford, Inc. | Imitation sheet material with surface grain appearance |
US4243709A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1981-01-06 | Brunswick Corporation | Camouflage |
US4718963A (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1988-01-12 | D. Swarovski & Co. | Method for producing a decorative material |
US4797314A (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-01-10 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Surface covering product |
US4797315A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-01-10 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings with dot patterns |
US4816318A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface covering with geometric patterns and colored particles |
US4816317A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings |
US4816319A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings |
US4847117A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-07-11 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Method for producing decorative surface coverings |
US4880588A (en) * | 1987-07-16 | 1989-11-14 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Method for producing a molded article having colored features |
US4881999A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-11-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Process for the preparation of decorative surface coverings with dot patterns |
US4983443A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1991-01-08 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Embossed and wiped decorative surface coverings |
US5073325A (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1991-12-17 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Method for producing a molded article having stabilized decorative features |
US5204160A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1993-04-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Light-collimating film |
US5270097A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1993-12-14 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Decorative sheet |
US5503902A (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1996-04-02 | Applied Physics Research, L.P. | Light control material |
US5916662A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-06-29 | Schmidt; Mark Joseph | Decorative tile and decorative printing thereof |
DE102005017169A1 (de) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie |
DE102005017170A1 (de) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-26 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie |
US20090165939A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2009-07-02 | Textitles Et Plastiques Chomarat | Method of manufacturing a complex including a support layer having a specific texture |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH616718A5 (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1980-04-15 | Forbo Betriebs Ag | Process for producing a flat structure with textured surface and printed pattern |
Citations (9)
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US986162A (en) * | 1909-02-06 | 1911-03-07 | Thomas Gare | Manufacture of sheet india-rubber and the coating or facing of fabrics and the like with india-rubber. |
US1733469A (en) * | 1927-11-22 | 1929-10-29 | Goodrich Co B F | Reenforced sheet rubber |
US1876432A (en) * | 1932-09-06 | Pbodtjotion oe bttbbeb sheets | ||
US1920118A (en) * | 1928-07-19 | 1933-07-25 | Celluloid Corp | Apparatus for making flowed films and sheets |
US1961025A (en) * | 1930-12-22 | 1934-05-29 | Spiccrs Ltd | Manufacture of sheets or films of compositions containing cellulose esters or ethers |
US2144388A (en) * | 1935-08-24 | 1939-01-17 | Kurt H Quasebarth | Method of producing articles having a variegated composition and an undulated surface and the product thereof |
GB500298A (en) * | 1937-08-04 | 1939-02-07 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in the manufacture and production of plastic masses from polymerised vinyl compounds |
US2273700A (en) * | 1938-06-04 | 1942-02-17 | Rohm & Haas | Decorated foil and film |
US2326001A (en) * | 1939-10-13 | 1943-08-03 | Atlas Powder Co | Simulated hammered metal finish |
-
0
- NL NL69994D patent/NL69994C/xx active
-
1946
- 1946-10-31 US US707022A patent/US2587594A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1947
- 1947-10-14 GB GB27501/47A patent/GB661171A/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-01-23 FR FR960127D patent/FR960127A/fr not_active Expired
- 1948-02-02 BE BE480070A patent/BE480070A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1876432A (en) * | 1932-09-06 | Pbodtjotion oe bttbbeb sheets | ||
US986162A (en) * | 1909-02-06 | 1911-03-07 | Thomas Gare | Manufacture of sheet india-rubber and the coating or facing of fabrics and the like with india-rubber. |
US1733469A (en) * | 1927-11-22 | 1929-10-29 | Goodrich Co B F | Reenforced sheet rubber |
US1920118A (en) * | 1928-07-19 | 1933-07-25 | Celluloid Corp | Apparatus for making flowed films and sheets |
US1961025A (en) * | 1930-12-22 | 1934-05-29 | Spiccrs Ltd | Manufacture of sheets or films of compositions containing cellulose esters or ethers |
US2144388A (en) * | 1935-08-24 | 1939-01-17 | Kurt H Quasebarth | Method of producing articles having a variegated composition and an undulated surface and the product thereof |
GB500298A (en) * | 1937-08-04 | 1939-02-07 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in the manufacture and production of plastic masses from polymerised vinyl compounds |
US2273700A (en) * | 1938-06-04 | 1942-02-17 | Rohm & Haas | Decorated foil and film |
US2326001A (en) * | 1939-10-13 | 1943-08-03 | Atlas Powder Co | Simulated hammered metal finish |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2648487A (en) * | 1947-07-25 | 1953-08-11 | St Regis Paper Co | Bag for packaging tacky polymeric materials |
US2700629A (en) * | 1950-01-30 | 1955-01-25 | American Photofoil Corp | Method for transferring a decoration to a surface |
US2704735A (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1955-03-22 | Columbus Coated Fabrics Corp | Method and apparatus for casting vinyl film continuously |
US3098438A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1963-07-23 | Erich A Freund | Method of printing |
US2932855A (en) * | 1956-09-11 | 1960-04-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method for forming film or sheeting |
US3009847A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1961-11-21 | Du Pont | Magnetic recording tape and process of making same |
US3137609A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1964-06-16 | Celanese Corp | Decorative material |
US3301741A (en) * | 1963-09-11 | 1967-01-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Adhesive sheet and method of making |
US3434862A (en) * | 1966-02-11 | 1969-03-25 | Jane Luc | Decorative process |
US4052236A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-10-04 | Pandel-Bradford, Inc. | Method of preparing imitation sheet material |
US4053669A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1977-10-11 | Pandel-Bradford, Inc. | Imitation sheet material with surface grain appearance |
US4243709A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1981-01-06 | Brunswick Corporation | Camouflage |
US4718963A (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1988-01-12 | D. Swarovski & Co. | Method for producing a decorative material |
US4847117A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-07-11 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Method for producing decorative surface coverings |
US4816317A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings |
US4816319A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings |
US4881999A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-11-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Process for the preparation of decorative surface coverings with dot patterns |
US4797315A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-01-10 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface coverings with dot patterns |
US4880588A (en) * | 1987-07-16 | 1989-11-14 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Method for producing a molded article having colored features |
US4797314A (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-01-10 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Surface covering product |
US4816318A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-03-28 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative surface covering with geometric patterns and colored particles |
US5204160A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1993-04-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Light-collimating film |
US4983443A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1991-01-08 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Embossed and wiped decorative surface coverings |
US5270097A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1993-12-14 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Decorative sheet |
US5429857A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1995-07-04 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Decorative sheet |
US5073325A (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1991-12-17 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Method for producing a molded article having stabilized decorative features |
US5503902A (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1996-04-02 | Applied Physics Research, L.P. | Light control material |
US5916662A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-06-29 | Schmidt; Mark Joseph | Decorative tile and decorative printing thereof |
US20090061159A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2009-03-05 | Rene Staub | Transfer Film |
DE102005017170A1 (de) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-26 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie |
DE102005017169A1 (de) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie |
US20100151207A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2010-06-17 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transfer film |
DE102005017170B4 (de) * | 2005-04-13 | 2010-07-01 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Mehrschichtkörper und dessen Verwendung |
US7820269B2 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2010-10-26 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transfer film |
US8241732B2 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2012-08-14 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transfer film |
DE102005017169B4 (de) | 2005-04-13 | 2023-06-22 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transferfolie |
US20090165939A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2009-07-02 | Textitles Et Plastiques Chomarat | Method of manufacturing a complex including a support layer having a specific texture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL69994C (fr) | |
BE480070A (fr) | 1948-01-28 |
FR960127A (fr) | 1950-04-13 |
GB661171A (en) | 1951-11-21 |
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