US2585534A - Secondary electron emissive electrode and its method of making - Google Patents
Secondary electron emissive electrode and its method of making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2585534A US2585534A US711860A US71186046A US2585534A US 2585534 A US2585534 A US 2585534A US 711860 A US711860 A US 711860A US 71186046 A US71186046 A US 71186046A US 2585534 A US2585534 A US 2585534A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- secondary electron
- electrode
- coating
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000836 magnesium aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 11
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 7
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkaline earth metal carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/12—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of photo-emissive cathodes; of secondary-emission electrodes
- H01J9/125—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of photo-emissive cathodes; of secondary-emission electrodes of secondary emission electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/32—Secondary-electron-emitting electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/32—Secondary emission electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12729—Group IIA metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- This invention relates to electron discharge devices employing secondary electron emission and to electrodes for use therein.
- the secondary emissive electrode may comprise a conducting base such as a nickel support having a thin coating of magnesium oxide thereon and it is found that whilst such an electrode emits secondary electrons, even through a high density beam of primary electrons be employed, the life of such an electrode is limited to about 50 hours.
- the object of the present invention is to provide improvements in the secondary electronemitting electrodes with a view to increasing the life thereof, particularly when subjected to high density bombardment.
- a secondary electron-emitting electrode having a coating of secondary electron-emitting material thereon which is at least inches in thickness.
- I0 is a metal support coated with a protective metal film of magnesium upon whichis deposited the secondary emissive coating 12 consisting oi. a mixture of a metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide. 4
- a method of producing a secondary electron-emitting electrode wherein secondary electron-emitting material is sintered and deposited on the base of said electrode to form a coating thereon.
- the material is preferably deposited in a finely divided condition such as that which renders it capable of being deposited cataphoretically.
- the said coating comprises a refractory oxide such as magnesium oxide. aluminium oxide, or beryllium oxide, and an alkaline earth oxide. It will be understood that more than one such refractory oxide may be used, and also more than one alkaline earth oxide.
- the said refractory oxide material comprises aluminium oxide or beryllium oxide and an alkaline earth oxide.
- compositions for the said coating containing various proportions of alkaline earth oxides that there is a range of compositions namely when the alkaline earth oxide comprises between about 20% to 60% by weight of the material, for which the secondary emission co-efficient is high, in the range 3-6, while at the same time the thermionic emission of the coating is sufficiently low even under the conditions of intense primary bombardment and radiation of heat from the collecting electrode obtaining in a discharge device, to enable the secondary emission electrode to be utilised successfully.
- a preferred coating, according to the invention comprises magnesium oxide and barium oxide, the latter oxide constituting between about 20% to 60% and preferably about 33% of the total weight of the two said oxides.
- the secondary electron-emitting electrode may comprise for example a base of nickel, platinum or gold plated molybdenum.
- a base of nickel, platinum or gold plated molybdenum With some metals suitable for use as the base of secondary electronemitting electrodes it is found that prior to the deposition of the secondary electron-emitting material thereon the base oxidises to such an extent as to form a thin layer which is detrimental to the proper functioning of the electrode.
- Nickel is found to oxidise in this manner and according to another feature of the invention' the base metal is cleaned so as to remove any oxide coating and to prevent the formation of an oxide layer after cleaning, the base metal is provided with a thin coating of a metal which prevents the formation of a harmful film.
- a metal may be magnesium.
- a strip or tube of nickel to form the base of said electrode is first cleaned in vacuum at red heat and whilst in vacuum the surface of the electrode has evaporated thereon a thin coating of magnesium, such as a coating of less than 10- inches thick.
- a thin coating of magnesium such as a coating of less than 10- inches thick.
- the secondary electron-emitting material it is preferred to use magnesium oxide and barium oxide and to prepare the material about of barium carbonate is mixed with of magnesium oxide, and the mixture is sintered at about 1200 C. in air. The resulting mixture is then transferred to a solution of acetone and nitro-cellulose, the acetone being free from water, and the mixture is then ball milled and electrically activated by shaking.
- the electrode is then assembled in an amplifying valve such as that described in the second paragraph of the specification and the valve is evacuated and the electrode degassed and activated by heating. It has been found that this heating is an important factor in improving the secondary emission coefiicient of the electrode, and the electrode is preferably heated to a temperature between about 700 C. and 900 0., usually 800 C., for some minutes. To effect the heating, bombardment by primary electrons may be relied upon, but alternatively or additionally an auxiliary heater may be used inside the secondary electron emitting electrode.
- the secondary electron-emitting electrode may not be necessary to arrange for the secondary electron-emitting electrode to be disposed out of sight of particles emitted from the thermionic cathode, thus facilitating the construction of the device.
- a secondary electron emitting electrode having a coating of a refractory oxide including one or more of the group magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, and beryllium oxide, combined with an alkaline earth oxide.
- a secondary electron emitting electrode comprising a coating of magnesium oxide and barium oxide, said barium oxide constituting between 20% to 60% of the total weight of the two said oxides.
- a secondary electron emitting electrode comprising, a coating of magnesium oxide and barium oxide, said barium oxide constitutingapproximately 33% of the total weight of the two said oxides.
- a conductive base support comprising, a conductive base support, a protective metal film over one surface of said conductive base support and a coating including a mixture of metallic oxides including an alkaline earth metal oxide, said alkaline earth metal oxide constituting between 20% to 60% of the total weight of said mixture.
- a secondary electron emitting electrode as a coating.
- a secondary electron emitting electrode comprising, an oxidizable metal base support, a normally non-oxidizacle protective metal film on a surface of said metal base support, a coating of secondary electron emitting materials on said protective film, said coating including a mixture of a refractory oxide of the group includingmagnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, or beryllium oxide with an alkaline earth oxide.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting. electrode comprising the steps of, sintering a mixture of a refractory oxide with an alkaline earth metal oxide, and depositing said sintered mixture on a supportto form a sec-v ondary emitting coating thereon.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode comprisingthe steps of,
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode comprising the steps of, sinteringa mixture ofa refractory oxide of the group including magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide or beryllium oxide with an alkaline earth metal oxide comprising between and 60% by weight of the mixture, and depositing said sintered oxide mixture upon a. conductive support 11.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode comprising the steps of, sintering a mixture of a refractory oxide of the group including magnesium oxide, aluminum ox-v ide or beryllium oxide with an alkaline earth metal carbonate comprising between 20% and 60% by weight of said mixture, and depositing said sintered oxide mixture upon a' conductive support as a coating.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode including a nickel metal base comprising the steps of,'re-
- any oxide film from a surface of said nidkel metal base protectively coating said cleaned surface cf said nickel metal base with a thinmetal film, depositing on said protective metal film a coating including a mixture of a refractory oxide and an alkaline earth oxide.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode including a nickel meta base comprising the steps of, cleaning a surface of said nickel metal base to remove any oxide film therefrom, protectively coating the cleaned surface of said nickel metal base with a thin magnesium metal film, depositing on said magnesium film a coating comprising a sintered mixture of a refractory oxide of the group including magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide or beryllium oxide with barium oxide; andheating said electrode in a vacuum toa temperature between 700 C. and 900 C.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode including a nickel metal base comprising the steps of, cleanmove any oxide film therefrom, protectively coating the cleaned surface of said nickel metal base with a thin magnesium film, sintering in airat approximately 1200 C. a mixture of magnesium oxide and barium carbonate composing 40% by weight of said mixture, depositing by cataphoresis said sintered mixture on the surface of said mag nesium film, and heating said electrode to approximately 800 C. in vacuum.
- a method of producing a secondary electron. emitting electrode including a coating of secondary electron emitting material formed from metallic oxides, said method comprising the steps of, sintering together a metallic oxide and an alkaline earth metal carbonate, and depositing said sintered material on said electrode to form a coating thereof.
- a method of producing a secondary electron emitting electrode including a coating of secondary electron material formed from metallic oxides comprising the steps, of sintering together a metallic oxide and an alkaline earth carbonate, and depositing by cataphoresis said sintered material on said electrode to form a coating thereof.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB271499X | 1945-11-07 | ||
| GB261046X | 1946-10-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2585534A true US2585534A (en) | 1952-02-12 |
Family
ID=26258084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711860A Expired - Lifetime US2585534A (en) | 1945-11-07 | 1946-11-23 | Secondary electron emissive electrode and its method of making |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2585534A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH271499A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE856489C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR935641A (de) |
| GB (4) | GB670554A (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3159461A (en) * | 1958-10-20 | 1964-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thermionic cathode |
| US3445361A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1969-05-20 | Horizons Research Inc | Whisker reinforced composite materials produced by electrophoretic deposition |
| US4225785A (en) * | 1978-04-27 | 1980-09-30 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for the production of a sensitive plate for an exoelectron dosimeter |
| FR2644288A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-14 | Asulab Sa | Procede de fabrication d'une dynode et dynode fabriquee selon ce procede |
| EP0532358A1 (de) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-03-17 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Fotokathode vom Reflektionstyp und Photovervielfacher dazu |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1639698A (en) * | 1926-01-14 | 1927-08-23 | Hazeltine Corp | Electron-emitting cathode and process of preparing the same |
| US2134415A (en) * | 1935-04-16 | 1938-10-25 | Philips Nv | Manufacture of oxide coated cathodes |
| US2171227A (en) * | 1937-08-09 | 1939-08-29 | Philips Nv | Secondary electron emitter and method of making it |
| GB517643A (en) * | 1937-08-07 | 1940-02-05 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electric discharge tubes utilising secondary emission |
| US2189358A (en) * | 1937-03-22 | 1940-02-06 | Farnsworth Television & Radio | Diode oscillator tube construction |
| US2189971A (en) * | 1936-10-23 | 1940-02-13 | Csf | Secondary electron emitting electrode |
| US2198329A (en) * | 1937-03-25 | 1940-04-23 | Rca Corp | Electric discharge tube |
| US2317754A (en) * | 1940-07-31 | 1943-04-27 | Gorlich Paul | Method of producing secondary electron emitting cathodes |
-
1945
- 1945-11-07 GB GB29631/45A patent/GB670554A/en not_active Expired
- 1945-11-07 GB GB9301/48A patent/GB670582A/en not_active Expired
- 1945-11-07 GB GB29508/48A patent/GB670593A/en not_active Expired
- 1945-11-07 GB GB9302/48A patent/GB670583A/en not_active Expired
-
1946
- 1946-11-07 CH CH271499D patent/CH271499A/de unknown
- 1946-11-07 FR FR935641D patent/FR935641A/fr not_active Expired
- 1946-11-23 US US711860A patent/US2585534A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1949
- 1949-03-01 DE DEP35321A patent/DE856489C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1639698A (en) * | 1926-01-14 | 1927-08-23 | Hazeltine Corp | Electron-emitting cathode and process of preparing the same |
| US2134415A (en) * | 1935-04-16 | 1938-10-25 | Philips Nv | Manufacture of oxide coated cathodes |
| US2189971A (en) * | 1936-10-23 | 1940-02-13 | Csf | Secondary electron emitting electrode |
| US2189358A (en) * | 1937-03-22 | 1940-02-06 | Farnsworth Television & Radio | Diode oscillator tube construction |
| US2198329A (en) * | 1937-03-25 | 1940-04-23 | Rca Corp | Electric discharge tube |
| GB517643A (en) * | 1937-08-07 | 1940-02-05 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electric discharge tubes utilising secondary emission |
| US2171227A (en) * | 1937-08-09 | 1939-08-29 | Philips Nv | Secondary electron emitter and method of making it |
| US2317754A (en) * | 1940-07-31 | 1943-04-27 | Gorlich Paul | Method of producing secondary electron emitting cathodes |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3159461A (en) * | 1958-10-20 | 1964-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thermionic cathode |
| US3445361A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1969-05-20 | Horizons Research Inc | Whisker reinforced composite materials produced by electrophoretic deposition |
| US4225785A (en) * | 1978-04-27 | 1980-09-30 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for the production of a sensitive plate for an exoelectron dosimeter |
| FR2644288A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-14 | Asulab Sa | Procede de fabrication d'une dynode et dynode fabriquee selon ce procede |
| EP0387615A1 (de) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-19 | Asulab S.A. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dynode und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Dynode |
| EP0532358A1 (de) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-03-17 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Fotokathode vom Reflektionstyp und Photovervielfacher dazu |
| US5336966A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1994-08-09 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | 4-layer structure reflection type photocathode and photomultiplier using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR935641A (fr) | 1948-06-24 |
| GB670593A (en) | 1952-04-23 |
| GB670582A (en) | 1952-04-23 |
| GB670583A (en) | 1952-04-23 |
| GB670554A (en) | 1952-04-23 |
| CH271499A (de) | 1950-10-31 |
| DE856489C (de) | 1952-11-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2708726A (en) | Electron discharge device employing secondary electron emission and method of making same | |
| US2842706A (en) | Cold cathode vacuum tube | |
| US2303563A (en) | Cathode ray tube and luminescent screen | |
| Jacobs et al. | The mechanism of field dependent secondary emission | |
| US2282097A (en) | Nonemitting electrode structure | |
| US2802127A (en) | Dynode coating | |
| US2339392A (en) | Cathode | |
| US3798492A (en) | Emissive electrode | |
| US2710813A (en) | Cadmium selenide-zinc selenide photoconductive electrode and method of producing same | |
| US2585534A (en) | Secondary electron emissive electrode and its method of making | |
| US3159461A (en) | Thermionic cathode | |
| US2620287A (en) | Secondary-electron-emitting surface | |
| US2548514A (en) | Process of producing secondaryelectron-emitting surfaces | |
| US2417461A (en) | Electron tube and method of making same | |
| US2185410A (en) | Metal compositions | |
| US1552310A (en) | Electrode for discharge tubes | |
| US3099763A (en) | Cathode ray tube with silica coated phosphor screen | |
| US2757308A (en) | Emissive cathode | |
| US2686886A (en) | Electric discharge tube | |
| US2177735A (en) | Luminous body | |
| US2600112A (en) | Electron emitter | |
| US2112975A (en) | Photoelectric tube | |
| US2757309A (en) | Emissive cathode | |
| US2077634A (en) | Photoelectric tube | |
| US3329853A (en) | Image orthicon with cesium getter adjacent electron multiplier |