US2585200A - Governing of free piston gas generator power plant - Google Patents
Governing of free piston gas generator power plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2585200A US2585200A US614307A US61430745A US2585200A US 2585200 A US2585200 A US 2585200A US 614307 A US614307 A US 614307A US 61430745 A US61430745 A US 61430745A US 2585200 A US2585200 A US 2585200A
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- prime mover
- gas generator
- cylinder
- governor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to an internal combustion engine-driven compressor used as a gas generator to supply motive fluid to a prime mover (e. g., a gas turbine), the output of the gas generator being regulated in accordance with the power requirements of the prime mover.
- the motive fluid may be air from the compressor or more usually the exhaust from the engine cylinder (comprising the products of the combustion in the engine cylinder mixed with any charging or scavenging air supplied to the engine by the compressor) with or without the admixture of air coming direct from the compressor.
- the internal combustion compressor may be of the free piston type-i. e. a device wherein a compressor piston is directly connected to or combined with an internal combustion engine piston instead of being driven thereby through connecting rods, cranks and crankshafts.
- the engine may work on a two-stroke compression ignition cycle with air from the compressor serving to scavenge and charge the engine cylinder and. the output is then regulated by varying the'quantity of fuel injected per cycle.
- the gas generator plant is of the kind in which pressureresponsive means cause the output of the gas generator or each gas generator to be so regulated as to maintain a predetermined pressure of motive fluid supplied to the prime mover but the means for determining this pressure can be regulated so as to raise or lower the pressure in accordance with the requirements of the prime mover.
- This may be done by hand or automaticallye. g., by a speed governor actuated by the prime mover.
- a fluidpressure motor for the output regulator is jointly responsive to the pressure of the motive fluid and to the action of the speed governor.
- Fig. l is a view mainly in section of one plant according to the invention while Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views of modifications.
- the compressor used as a gas generator is in each case of the free-piston type.
- the body of the free piston type internal combustion engine-compres- 2 sor is as shown in Fig. 1 and comprises th engine cylinder I, the pair of compressor cylinders 2 at opposite ends thereof and the pair of bufier cylinders 3 at the extreme outer ends while each free piston unit consists of one of the opposed engine pistons 4 reciprocating in cylinder l, a compressor piston 5 reciprocating in one of the cylinders 2, and a buffer piston 6 reciprocating in one of the cylinders 3.
- each compressor cylinder 2 In the head of each compressor cylinder 2 is at least one-inlet valve 12 which can put the cylinder 2 in communication with the suction inlet l4 and at least one discharge valve [3 which can put the cylinder 2 in communication with the conduits l5 communicating with the annular space surrounding the inlet ports la in the engine cylinder l.
- the exhaust ports lb in the latter open into an annular space communicating with the discharge conduit IS.
- the engine operates on the compression-ignition principle.
- Fuel can be injected into cylinder 1 by fuel injectors 9 of conventional form supplied through pipes 8 by the fuel pump H] of conventional form having the'usual .slidable fuel-regulator Illa by which the quantity of fuel pumped per stroke can be varied.
- the discharge conduit I6 is connected to the manifold I1, to which may be connected the dis? charge conduits from other gas generators, and which is connected to the inlet to the gas, turbine l8.
- a vessel 19 connected to the manifold IT has means for varying the 1 ratio of the pressure in the vessel to the pressure in the manifold.
- the vessel is firstly connected to the conduit I! through a restriction 20 having particular chosen proportions and is secondly provided with a valve 2
- the vessel l9 forms the cylinder of a fluid pressure servomotor.
- a piston 22 movable within cylinder I9 under the pressure therein and against the force of spring 23 can move the fuel rack Illa through bell-crank lever 24 turning about fixed pivot 25, link 26, bell-crank lever 21 turning about fixed pivot 28 and link 29.
- the force of spring 23 does not vary much with variation of compression.
- the piston 22 can actuate fuel-rack Illa (serving as an output regulator) in a sense tending to maintain the pressure in the vessel l9 substantially constant and so tending to maintain gas which is in the conduit I1 and going as the motive fluid to the prime mover 18 at a pressure determined by the position of the discharge valve 2
- is opened and closed and the pressure of; the motive fluid going to'the prime mover [8 thus determined automatically by a servo-motor piston 36 controlled by a speed governor 3! actuated by the prime mover 8.
- which is driven through gearing 32 by the. shaft 18a ofthe prime mover can move-the piston valve 33- in the valve cylinder 34 to connect pressure or exhaust to the servo-motor cylinder 35 in which moves piston 36 against the force of spring 31 to open the valve2l.
- the movement of the valve. 21 varies the; compression of the governor loading spring 38 through loading lever 39 movable. about fixed pivot 49-, this arrangement forming a. speed regulator operated automatically in accordance with load so as to give the prime mover. a predetermined speed-load characteristic.
- Action. is; as. follows:
- valve 33 On a decrease in the speed of the primemover l8, the'inward movement of the arms 35b moves valve 33 to apply pressure to piston 36 which increases the opening of valve 2
- the spring 23 accordingly moves the piston 22 which moves the fuel rack lila in a. direction to increase the fuel supply; This continues until there is. such an increase in the pressure in the conduit I'l' that firstly the pressure in cylinder i9 is restored substantially or' approximately to normal and secondly the speed has been increased until the governor has reclosed by valve 33 the inlet to cylinder 35.
- will have. decreased the force exerted bythe governor; loading spring" 38 so that the speed at which.
- the governor-loading lever 39- is moved about fixed pivot 40.: by the piston 4! which can be moved in cylinder 42 by thepressure in the conduit l against the force of spring 43 in such a sense as to decrease the loading of the governor with an increase in the pressure of themotive fluid.
- the invention is particularly applicable to plants wherein anumber of gas generators supply a prime mover in common and the outputs of all the gas generators in action are under common control.
- Power plant comprising, in combination, a prime mover, an internal combustion enginedriven power gas generator, a fuel injection quantity control member to said engine, a supply connection between the discharge of said power gas generator and the inlet of said prime mover, abranch pipe: connected to said supply connection, a restriction in said branch pipe, a fluid pressure servo-motor cylinder connected to the said' prime mover inlet through said branch pipe, a speed governor driven by the said prime mover, a leak-off valve on said servo-motor cylinder and in supply connection with said restriction operably controlled.
- a.piston slidable in said servomotor cylinder resiliently biased against the fluid pressure from the-inlet to the said prime mover and in operable connection with the fuel injection quantity control member of the said device inv such.- sense that a decrease in gas pressure in the saidservo-motor cylinder increases the. fuel injection quantity per; cycle to the said device and hence its power output, and an increase. in they said gas pressure reduces thesaid fuel quantity and power. output.
- v3.. Power plant including an operating servo-motor linked to said leak-off valve,ga control valve-for said servo-motor actuated; by. said speed governor on a deviation of prime mover speed from a given value, a pressure responsive. device in supply connection with the inlet to the prime mover, and a speed regulator on said governor so linked to said pressure responsive device that an increase in the pressure of the motive fluid going; to the prime mover tends to decrease the speed maintained by the governor. and a decrease in the pressure of the motive fluid tends to increase the speed maintained by the governor.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Description
Feb. 12, 1952 J, WELSH 2,585,200
GOVERNING OF FREE PISTON GAS GENERATOR POWER PLANT Filed Sept. 4, 1945 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 i I0 I5 27 1" Feb. 12, 1952 WELSH 2,585,200
GOVERNING OF FREE PISTON GAS GENERATOR POWER PLANT Filed Sept. 4, 1945 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Patented Feb. 12, 1952 GOVERNING OF FREE PISTON GAS GENERATOR POWER PLANT Robert James Welsh, RugbyLEnglandfass ignor toThe English Electric Company Limited, London, England, a British company Application September 4, 1945, Serial No. 614,307 In Great Britain March 2, 1944 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires March 2, 1964 3 Claims.
This invention relates to an internal combustion engine-driven compressor used as a gas generator to supply motive fluid to a prime mover (e. g., a gas turbine), the output of the gas generator being regulated in accordance with the power requirements of the prime mover. The motive fluid may be air from the compressor or more usually the exhaust from the engine cylinder (comprising the products of the combustion in the engine cylinder mixed with any charging or scavenging air supplied to the engine by the compressor) with or without the admixture of air coming direct from the compressor. The internal combustion compressor may be of the free piston type-i. e. a device wherein a compressor piston is directly connected to or combined with an internal combustion engine piston instead of being driven thereby through connecting rods, cranks and crankshafts. The engine may work on a two-stroke compression ignition cycle with air from the compressor serving to scavenge and charge the engine cylinder and. the output is then regulated by varying the'quantity of fuel injected per cycle.
In plants of this kind as previously proposed the fuel supply to the gas-generator or to each of a plurality of gas generators supplying motive fluid in common to the prime mover'has been under the control of a speed governor actuated by the prime mover so that an increase in prime mover speed has caused the governor to decrease the fuel supply and vice versa.
According to the present invention the gas generator plant is of the kind in which pressureresponsive means cause the output of the gas generator or each gas generator to be so regulated as to maintain a predetermined pressure of motive fluid supplied to the prime mover but the means for determining this pressure can be regulated so as to raise or lower the pressure in accordance with the requirements of the prime mover. This may be done by hand or automaticallye. g., by a speed governor actuated by the prime mover. Thus in the latter case a fluidpressure motor for the output regulator is jointly responsive to the pressure of the motive fluid and to the action of the speed governor.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings of which Fig. l is a view mainly in section of one plant according to the invention while Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views of modifications. The compressor used as a gas generator is in each case of the free-piston type.
In all three embodiments, the body of the free piston type internal combustion engine-compres- 2 sor is as shown in Fig. 1 and comprises th engine cylinder I, the pair of compressor cylinders 2 at opposite ends thereof and the pair of bufier cylinders 3 at the extreme outer ends while each free piston unit consists of one of the opposed engine pistons 4 reciprocating in cylinder l, a compressor piston 5 reciprocating in one of the cylinders 2, and a buffer piston 6 reciprocating in one of the cylinders 3. In the head of each compressor cylinder 2 is at least one-inlet valve 12 which can put the cylinder 2 in communication with the suction inlet l4 and at least one discharge valve [3 which can put the cylinder 2 in communication with the conduits l5 communicating with the annular space surrounding the inlet ports la in the engine cylinder l. The exhaust ports lb in the latter open into an annular space communicating with the discharge conduit IS. The engine operates on the compression-ignition principle. Fuel can be injected into cylinder 1 by fuel injectors 9 of conventional form supplied through pipes 8 by the fuel pump H] of conventional form having the'usual .slidable fuel-regulator Illa by which the quantity of fuel pumped per stroke can be varied.
' The discharge conduit I6 is connected to the manifold I1, to which may be connected the dis? charge conduits from other gas generators, and which is connected to the inlet to the gas, turbine l8.
The arrangement so far described is the conventiona1 arrangement of such plant.
In applying the invention a vessel 19 connected to the manifold IT has means for varying the 1 ratio of the pressure in the vessel to the pressure in the manifold. To this end, the vessel is firstly connected to the conduit I! through a restriction 20 having particular chosen proportions and is secondly provided with a valve 2| movable to vary the area of discharge orifice l9a; the pressure in the vessel will accordingly be propor tional to the average pressure in the conduit [1, the ratio of the pressures being determined by the position of the discharge valve 2|. The vessel l9 forms the cylinder of a fluid pressure servomotor.
A piston 22 movable within cylinder I9 under the pressure therein and against the force of spring 23 can move the fuel rack Illa through bell-crank lever 24 turning about fixed pivot 25, link 26, bell-crank lever 21 turning about fixed pivot 28 and link 29. The force of spring 23 does not vary much with variation of compression. Thus the piston 22 can actuate fuel-rack Illa (serving as an output regulator) in a sense tending to maintain the pressure in the vessel l9 substantially constant and so tending to maintain gas which is in the conduit I1 and going as the motive fluid to the prime mover 18 at a pressure determined by the position of the discharge valve 2|.
The direct actuation or control of the fuel rack- Illa by the piston 22 is given only as an example of one way of carrying out the invention but it will be understood that the piston 22 may otherwise control the output of the gas generator.
In Fig. l the discharge valve 2| is'opened and closed by hand operated screw and the pressure of the motive gas going tothe prime mover I8 is thus determined under the control. of an. operator or driver in accordance. with load; in particular, for example, by the driver of a vehicle which is bein propelled by the prime mover.
Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 2, the discharge. valve 2| is opened and closed and the pressure of; the motive fluid going to'the prime mover [8 thus determined automatically by a servo-motor piston 36 controlled by a speed governor 3! actuated by the prime mover 8. The governor sleeve 31a moved by the. arms 3|?) of the governor 3| which is driven through gearing 32 by the. shaft 18a ofthe prime mover can move-the piston valve 33- in the valve cylinder 34 to connect pressure or exhaust to the servo-motor cylinder 35 in which moves piston 36 against the force of spring 31 to open the valve2l. The movement of the valve. 21 varies the; compression of the governor loading spring 38 through loading lever 39 movable. about fixed pivot 49-, this arrangement forming a. speed regulator operated automatically in accordance with load so as to give the prime mover. a predetermined speed-load characteristic. Action. is; as. follows:
On a decrease in the speed of the primemover l8, the'inward movement of the arms 35b moves valve 33 to apply pressure to piston 36 which increases the opening of valve 2| thereby lowering the pressure in the cylinder l9. The spring 23 accordingly moves the piston 22 which moves the fuel rack lila in a. direction to increase the fuel supply; This continues until there is. such an increase in the pressure in the conduit I'l' that firstly the pressure in cylinder i9 is restored substantially or' approximately to normal and secondly the speed has been increased until the governor has reclosed by valve 33 the inlet to cylinder 35. The opening movement of valve 2| will have. decreased the force exerted bythe governor; loading spring" 38 so that the speed at which. equilibrium is restored is sli htly-less than the previous steady speed. On an increase in turbine speed the movement of the governor arms 3lb moves valve 33 to connect cylinder 35 to-exhaust. whereupon spring 3'! moves piston 35 to perform thev above described operations in reversed sense.
In. the modification v shown in Fig; 3, the governor-loading lever 39- is moved about fixed pivot 40.: by the piston 4! which can be moved in cylinder 42 by thepressure in the conduit l against the force of spring 43 in such a sense as to decrease the loading of the governor with an increase in the pressure of themotive fluid.
The invention is particularly applicable to plants wherein anumber of gas generators supply a prime mover in common and the outputs of all the gas generators in action are under common control. For this purpose there may be one or more further inlets 44 to the manifold I1 which can be supplied by other gas generators, and one or more levers 45 (Fig. 1) secured to and moving with lever 21 so as to actuate fuel racks 10a of such other gas generators.
What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Power plant comprising, in combination, a prime mover, an internal combustion enginedriven power gas generator, a fuel injection quantity control member to said engine, a supply connection between the discharge of said power gas generator and the inlet of said prime mover, abranch pipe: connected to said supply connection, a restriction in said branch pipe, a fluid pressure servo-motor cylinder connected to the said' prime mover inlet through said branch pipe, a speed governor driven by the said prime mover, a leak-off valve on said servo-motor cylinder and in supply connection with said restriction operably controlled. bythe said speed governor and adapted to reduce its leakage area in response to overspeed of said prime mover and to increase itszleakage-area in response to underspeed of the said prime m0ver, a.piston slidable in said servomotor cylinder resiliently biased against the fluid pressure from the-inlet to the said prime mover and in operable connection with the fuel injection quantity control member of the said device inv such.- sense that a decrease in gas pressure in the saidservo-motor cylinder increases the. fuel injection quantity per; cycle to the said device and hence its power output, and an increase. in they said gas pressure reduces thesaid fuel quantity and power. output.
2. .Power plant according to. claim 1 includin an operating servo-motor linked to said leak-off valve, 2. control valve for saidv servo-motor actuated by said speed-governor on a deviation of prime. mover speed from a given value, and a speed-regulator on said governor linked to said leak-off valve in such a sense that the speedregulator is moving in the direction to decrease the said given value of speed when the. leak-off valve is; opening.
v3.. Power plant according to claim 1, including an operating servo-motor linked to said leak-off valve,ga control valve-for said servo-motor actuated; by. said speed governor on a deviation of prime mover speed from a given value, a pressure responsive. device in supply connection with the inlet to the prime mover, and a speed regulator on said governor so linked to said pressure responsive device that an increase in the pressure of the motive fluid going; to the prime mover tends to decrease the speed maintained by the governor. and a decrease in the pressure of the motive fluid tends to increase the speed maintained by the governor.
ROBERT JAMES WELSH.
REFERENCES CITED The following references. are of record in the fileof this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 787,136 Warren Apr. 11, 1905 1,698,299 Dickinson Jan. 8, 1929 1,795,944 Frey Mar. 10, 1931 2,016,613 Pateras Rescara Oct. 8, 1935 2,147,935 Steiner Feb. 21, 1939
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2585200X | 1944-03-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2585200A true US2585200A (en) | 1952-02-12 |
Family
ID=10910801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US614307A Expired - Lifetime US2585200A (en) | 1944-03-02 | 1945-09-04 | Governing of free piston gas generator power plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2585200A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2832193A (en) * | 1948-09-04 | 1958-04-29 | Garrett Corp | Gas turbine fuel control system responsive to speed and compressor load |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US787136A (en) * | 1904-05-28 | 1905-04-11 | Henry E Warren | Mechanism for operating valves or other controllers. |
| US1698299A (en) * | 1924-02-13 | 1929-01-08 | Gen Electric | Governing mechanism for prime movers |
| US1795944A (en) * | 1926-11-10 | 1931-03-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Steam-turbine governing apparatus |
| US2016613A (en) * | 1932-06-06 | 1935-10-08 | Pescara Raul Pateras | Motor compressor |
| US2147935A (en) * | 1934-04-17 | 1939-02-21 | Sulzer Ag | Output control of floating piston engine gas plants |
-
1945
- 1945-09-04 US US614307A patent/US2585200A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US787136A (en) * | 1904-05-28 | 1905-04-11 | Henry E Warren | Mechanism for operating valves or other controllers. |
| US1698299A (en) * | 1924-02-13 | 1929-01-08 | Gen Electric | Governing mechanism for prime movers |
| US1795944A (en) * | 1926-11-10 | 1931-03-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Steam-turbine governing apparatus |
| US2016613A (en) * | 1932-06-06 | 1935-10-08 | Pescara Raul Pateras | Motor compressor |
| US2147935A (en) * | 1934-04-17 | 1939-02-21 | Sulzer Ag | Output control of floating piston engine gas plants |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2832193A (en) * | 1948-09-04 | 1958-04-29 | Garrett Corp | Gas turbine fuel control system responsive to speed and compressor load |
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