US2577365A - Rhodium plating - Google Patents
Rhodium plating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2577365A US2577365A US44979A US4497948A US2577365A US 2577365 A US2577365 A US 2577365A US 44979 A US44979 A US 44979A US 4497948 A US4497948 A US 4497948A US 2577365 A US2577365 A US 2577365A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rhodium
- electrolyte
- acid
- lead
- per liter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[Rh+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFZVLIHQVUVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WMFZVLIHQVUVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- KTEDZFORYFITAF-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Rh+3] KTEDZFORYFITAF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YXJYBPXSEKMEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O YXJYBPXSEKMEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
Definitions
- the electrodeposition of rhodium onto other metals for decorative or tarnish-resisting purposes is commonly effected with the use of electrolytes of the kind containin as the essential constituent rhodium sulphate or rhodium phosphate or a mixture of those two compounds together with varying proportions of free sulphuric acid or free phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.
- the free acid is necessary to prevent hydrolysis of the rhodium compounds in the electrolyte with consequent precipitation of rhodium hydroxide.
- An object of this invention is to provide a rhodium-plating process by which light deposits thicker than the prior art deposits can be produced.
- Another object of this invention is to produce improved rhodium deposits by means of a critical amount of lead in the electrolyte.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a novel lead-containing electrolyte for use in rhodium plating.
- the amount of lead lies between 0.001 and 0.02 gram per liter. Below a concentration of 0.001 gram per liter the lead is practically inefiective in increasing the thickness before milkiness appears and if the lead concentration exceeds 0,02
- the deposits tend to show milky streaks at thicknesses little, if any, greater than when no lead is used.
- rhodium concentration 2 grams per liter of electrolyte, a current density of from 2 to 4 amperes per square decimeter and an operating temperature of from room temperature to about C. but more usually from 35 to 45 C.
- the rhodium concentration may vary between, say, about 0.5 and about 5 grams per liter. The free acid must always be enough to prevent hydrolysis of rhodium compounds, as those skilled in the art will understand.
- EXAMPLE I An electrolyte of the phosphate-sulphate type was prepared by dissolving rhodium hydroxide in phosphoric acid and adding the phosphate solution to dilute sulphuric acid, the resulting solution containing 2 grams of rhodium per liter andZO milliliters of concentrated sulphuric acid per liter. On working with a current density of 4 amps./dm. the results shown in Table I were obtained.
- An electrolyte of the phosphate type was prepared by dissolving rhodium hydroxide in phosphoric acid and diluting the solution to give a concentration of 2 grams of rhodium per liter and milliliters of phosphoric acid per liter. This solution was electrolysed with a current density of 4 amps./dm. and gave the results shown in- Table III.
- the metals onto which rhodium may be plated according to the invention are any that are compatible with the acid electrolytes and include, besides nickel, nickel silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper and brass.
- said electrolyte with about 0.5 to about 5 grams per liter of rhodium, free acid from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in an amount suflicient to 1 vent hydroysis of the rhodium compound but not exceeding about 20 milliliters per liter of electrolyte with the balance essentially water; the improvement which comprises incorporating in said electrolyte about 0.001 to about 0.02 gram of lead as an acid-soluble lead compound whereby" thick, bright rhodium electro-deposits are obtained on metal surfaces by employing the aforesaid lead-containing acid electrolyte.
- a process for the production of thick, bright electroplates or rhodium onto metal which comprises establishing a rhodium-plating electrolyte consisting essentially of an aqueous acid solution of a rhodium salt from the. group consisting of rhodium sulfate and rhodium phosphate such that said solution contains about 0.5 to 5 grams of rhodium per liter, acid from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in an amount suflicient to prevent hydrolysis of said rhodium but not exceeding more than about20 milliliters, per liter, about 0.061 to about 0.02 gram per liter of lead added as a soluble lead compound; and electrolytically depositing rhodium from said electrolyte onto said metal at a current density from about 2 to about 4 a l-- peres per square decimeter and at a temperature between about room temperature and about 66 C. to produce thick, bright, rhodium electro-depc
- An electrolyte for use in obtaining bright electro-deposits of rhodium on metal which comprises an acid bath containing at least one rhodium compound from the group consisting of rhodium sulfate and rhodium phosphatelin an amount to provide about 0.5 to about 5 grams per liter of rhodium, acid from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in an amount suflicient to prevent hydrolysis of the rhodium compound but not exceeding about 20 milliliters per liter of electrolyte, at least one soluble lead compound in an amount toprovide aboutl0.001 to about 0.02 gram per liter of lead, with the balance essentially water, whereby thick, brightv rhodium electro-deposits can be obtained on metal surfaces when employing the aforesaid lead-containing aqueous acid bath in electro-depositing rhodium onto metal surfaces.
- An electrolyte for use in obtaining bright electro-deposits of rhodium on metal which consists essentially of an aqueous acid solutions of a material from the group consisting of rhodium sulfate and rhodium phosphate in an amount provide about 2 grams per liter of rhodium, acid from the group'consisting ofsulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in an amount sufilcient to preventhydrolysis of the rhodium compound but 5 6 not exceeding about 20- milliliters per liter of UNITED STATES PATENTS electrolyte, and at least one soluble lead com Number Name Date pound in an amount to provide about 0.001 to 1,981,820 Zimmerman 20, 1934 about 0.02 gram per liter of lead.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB23023/47A GB626430A (en) | 1947-08-19 | 1947-08-19 | Improvements relating to rhodium plating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2577365A true US2577365A (en) | 1951-12-04 |
Family
ID=10188850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44979A Expired - Lifetime US2577365A (en) | 1947-08-19 | 1948-08-18 | Rhodium plating |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2577365A (pt) |
| BE (1) | BE484443A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE813914C (pt) |
| FR (1) | FR970543A (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB626430A (pt) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2866740A (en) * | 1956-05-10 | 1958-12-30 | Int Nickel Co | Electrodeposition of rhodium |
| US3515651A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1970-06-02 | Katsuhiro Ohkubo | Plating solutions for rhodium and rhodium alloy platings having low internal stress |
| US5156721A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-10-20 | Whewell Christopher J | Process for extraction and concentration of rhodium |
| US5522932A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1996-06-04 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Corrosion-resistant apparatus |
| US5891253A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1999-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Corrosion resistant apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3833487A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-09-03 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrolytic soft gold plating |
| DE2329578C3 (de) * | 1973-06-09 | 1981-11-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Galvanisches Bad zum Abscheiden glänzender Rhodiumüberzüge |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1981820A (en) * | 1931-08-27 | 1934-11-20 | Baker & Co Inc | Process of electrodepositing rhodium, bath and method of preparing the same |
| US2119304A (en) * | 1935-08-01 | 1938-05-31 | Eaton Detroit Metal Company | Electroplating |
| US2250556A (en) * | 1940-11-26 | 1941-07-29 | United Chromium Inc | Electrodeposition of copper and bath therefor |
| US2401331A (en) * | 1944-05-29 | 1946-06-04 | Nasa | Acid rhodium plating |
-
0
- BE BE484443D patent/BE484443A/xx unknown
-
1947
- 1947-08-19 GB GB23023/47A patent/GB626430A/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-08-18 US US44979A patent/US2577365A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1948-08-18 FR FR970543D patent/FR970543A/fr not_active Expired
-
1949
- 1949-07-26 DE DEP50000A patent/DE813914C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1981820A (en) * | 1931-08-27 | 1934-11-20 | Baker & Co Inc | Process of electrodepositing rhodium, bath and method of preparing the same |
| US2119304A (en) * | 1935-08-01 | 1938-05-31 | Eaton Detroit Metal Company | Electroplating |
| US2250556A (en) * | 1940-11-26 | 1941-07-29 | United Chromium Inc | Electrodeposition of copper and bath therefor |
| US2401331A (en) * | 1944-05-29 | 1946-06-04 | Nasa | Acid rhodium plating |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2866740A (en) * | 1956-05-10 | 1958-12-30 | Int Nickel Co | Electrodeposition of rhodium |
| US3515651A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1970-06-02 | Katsuhiro Ohkubo | Plating solutions for rhodium and rhodium alloy platings having low internal stress |
| US5156721A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-10-20 | Whewell Christopher J | Process for extraction and concentration of rhodium |
| US5522932A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1996-06-04 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Corrosion-resistant apparatus |
| US5593541A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1997-01-14 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of manufacturing using corrosion-resistant apparatus comprising rhodium |
| US5891253A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1999-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Corrosion resistant apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR970543A (fr) | 1951-01-05 |
| BE484443A (pt) | |
| GB626430A (en) | 1949-07-14 |
| DE813914C (de) | 1951-09-17 |
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