US257712A - Laide lake hyatt - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet l'.

'Patented May 9, 1.832.

T. HYATT.

mfg/mmf (No Modem N4 PETERS. Phnmmhngrapher, wnnhingmn. D, C.

(No Model.) Y 3 sheets-sheet 2.

- T. HYATT.

GONSTRUGTING. AND REPAIRING ILLUMINATING ROOFS, ne.

Patented May 9, 1882.

v ILNVEJVTOR WI TJV ESSES (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

T. HYATT.

2 GONSTRUGTING AND RBPAIRING ILLUMINATING Hoops, 6m..

No. 257,712. 2 Patented May 9, 1882.

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WITNESSES IN VENUE N. PETERS. Phnmuepugnpm. wnsmngm. D4 (L UNITED STATES PATENT (Darien.

THADDEUS HYATT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ELIZABETH ADE- LAIDE LAKE HYATT, OF SAME PLAGE.

CONSTRUCTING AND REPAIRING lLLUlVllNATlNG-ROOFS, 80C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent'NO. 257,712, dated May 9, 1882.

Application filed April 14, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom itmay concern Beit known that I., THADDEUs HYATT, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident ot' thecity, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Constructing and Repairing Illuminating- Roofs and Roof- Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

cast upon thennder side of the main side bar,

a, to underlap and give support to the abutting cross-bars of an adjoining grating, Fig. l being `an end or starting grating.

Fig. 2 represents a foundation-grating, A',

` made to matchA, Fig. l, and formed with an open side of abutting cross bars designed to be supported at their ends upon the underlapping lugs c of the adjoining grating A.

Fig. 3 represents the two gratingsA and Al united, and illustrates the invention of grat ing A formed with the lugs c, in combination Vwith grating A formed with an open side of abutting cross bars, the result being a comf bined grating, A A', having the appearance of asingle casting, the line of dead material a" a, where the two gratings meet, being no thicker than the intermediate.parallel bars, a a', of the gratings.

Fig. 4. represents several features ot' the invention, viz: irst, inthe formwof a curved foundation-grating for making rear-extension roofs 5 second, as afoundation'gratin g formed with \\'entilatingscnttles and', third,.as a oo ncre'ted oundatiou-grating. B shows the ventilating-scuttles d, curbs around thescnttles; e, hinged cover to scuttle; theklotted `surface indicates concrete.` 3, concreteilluminatinggratin gs or quarry glass holders cemented to 4 the foundationgrating by a bond of hydraulic cement.

Figu represents a foundation-gratin g cast in stoop and step shape for making illuminating area-coverings.

Fig. 6 represents a hand size illuminatinggrating or quarry glass holder designed for closing the openings of foundationgratings in constructing illuminating rear-extension roofs and area-coverings, the quarry being formed with no dead material at the borders, the sides fof the glasses D being bare at those points.

Fig. 7 represents a concrete quarry glass holder formed with no dead border.

Fig. 8 represents a quarry set with glasses formed with shoulders that rise above the face of the quarry. D shows the glasses; g, shoulders orsurplusage ofthe glasses shownin Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 is a cross-section of Fig. .8, designed to show the necks or surplusage ofthe glasses D, one of the glasses being shown by itself.

Fig. 10 represents a foundationgrating, two ot' the openings of which are closed by quarries set with shouldered glasses. The dotted surface of the construction represents a facing of concrete put between the shoulders of the glasses and over the grating.

,The object of my invention is to make patent light-work not liable to leak, to prevent sweating, to obtain ventilation by simple and inexpensive means,and to make the work hand- Somer and cheaper than heretofore.

Figs. l, 2, 3, and 6 illustrate the essential features of my invention as a new systelnot' illuminating construction.

The main feature of the system consists in employing two sets of gratings, one within the resenting they mechanical strength of the roof or pavement, and taking the place of the rafters or supporting-hars of the old construction, and the smaller gratings (being the glass-carriers) representing the weather-surface of the constructions. Thelargergratingslcall foundationgratings,7 and the smaller gratings I call illuminatingquarries.77 The most prominent feature of the system as a result of the double-grating construction is its monomorphous character. This feature is illustrated by Figs. 3 a'nd 9, where a. number lofglass-set quarries are combined with foundation-gratings in a way to make the construction appear like a single casting.

The new features ofthe foundation gratings IOO the mode of constructing the hand-size gratings shown by Fig. 6, where the quarry is made with no dead material at the borders, and by Fig. 8, Where the glasses are formed with shoulders or necks that rise about halt an inch above it the face of the quarry, in combination with foundation-gratings constructed as shown by Figs. 1, 2, 3. The effect of making glass-holding quarries without borders, as illustrated by Fig. 6, is to produce an equality of dead lines throughout the entire construction, no matter how many quarries are employed, because the bare sides of the glasses becomein the combination cemented equally to the bars of the foundation-gratings, to this extent causing the foundation-gratings to become also the .carriers of the glasses, so that when the bars of the'fouu- (lation-gratings are made no thicker than the bars of the quarries between the glasses the whole work seems like one piece. Illuminatingsurfaces of naked iron and glass .may in this way be made of any size and of a perfect monomorphous character.

In the illustrations I have given I have nepresented the' glasses as square and the'lines as stra-ight; but the principle of construction applies equally to circular and other shaped glasses, and to curved as well as straight lines.

Figs. 8 and '9 are designed to not lonly illustrate a method of making monomorphousconcretelights and illuminating constructions, but

to also illustrate myinvention ofimprovements in repairing old work.

The invention consists substantially in setting an iron grating with glasses made of a the glasses formed with the neck g. The quarries are made as shown by Fig. S, and when set in the foundation grating, as shown by Fig. 9, a monomorphous nishingcoat of Portland cement,pure or with aggregates,is putover the face ofthe work and oated to the level or tops of the glasses, as represented by the dotted surface of Fig. 9.

all the old glasses of the construction, whether top roof or area covering, and replace them with glasses of greater depth, the new glasses being deep enough to rise above the face of the metal gratings sufiiciently to hold and x the facing of cement or concrete put between the glasses as described, and as illustrated by Fig. 9.

Fig. 4 represents three new features (and important ones) connected with the construetion of illuminating-roofs over the rear extensions of the principal stories ofbuildings-viz., ventilation, prevention of sweating, and prevention of leakage. The curved form of the foundation gratings establishes the curved form .of the roof, and makes unnecessary a curved illumi'n-atinggrating or lglass-holder. These roofs as made commonly are formed of curved glass-holders, the illuminating-tiles7 used for such work bein g the actual roof. In my new construction the gratings that carry the glasses, being of hand size or quarries, may be entirely dat without destroying the curved appearance ofthe roof. Hence in these constructions the curved fbumlation-gratings form a part ot' my improvements inilluminating-roofs. Ventilation is effected in these roofs by means of the ventilating-scuttles shown in Fig. 4. The lower half of the grating is represented with a coating of concrete to show my inlvention of curved concreted illuminating rear extension-roofs. In the construction of such roofs I first incrust each separate .grating with concrete, the same being done in suitable molds. These concreted gratings are then bronght'to the building and placed in position, andthe il-luminating-quarries, also madeofconcrete and glass, are cemented within the ope-nings of thegrating-foundation. The surfaces of both the foundation-gratings and the quar ries beingconcrete, a mortar or grout of hydraulic cement makes a bond lbetween the two as water-tight and perfect as the bond between twobr'icks The iron ofthe construction being all embedded in concrete, no sweating takes place. For the-same reason no expansions and contractions take place, and by consequence no leakages from expansions and contractions.

This roof'iconstruction I desire to distinguish' from my former inventions where the roofs are made of concreted glass-holding gratings combined with rafters. In the construction hereinabove described my improvement consists iin combining glass-holding quarry gratings with -concreted foundation-gratin gs.

Fig. 5 represents anew mode ot' constructingilluminating-grating stoop and step roofs over sunk areas. As ordinarily made these roo-fs are formed of -iiat illuminating-gratings bolted to stri-n g-pieces, the t'orm of the stoop and steps being determined by the form of the string pieces; b-u-t by my `new method, as illust-rated byA Fig. 5, the stoop and step form is obtained i-'n the foundation-gratin g itself,

1 which is cast in one piece, as shown in the tig- Where the work is repairing I knock out 2. Monomorphous illuminating-roofs andl roof-pavements constructed substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

3. Illuminating-roots made by combining illuminating-quarries with curved foundation` gratings, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

4. Illuminating 'area-'coverin gs formed by combining illuminating-quarries with foundation-gratings cast in stoop and step form, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

Vpurposes herein set forth'and illustrated.

8. Foundationgratings cast with underlapping lugs, substantially as and for thepurposes herein set forth and illustrated.

9. Foundation-gratingsformed with an open side of abutting cross-bars, in combination with foundation-gratings made with underlapping lugs to give support thereto, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

10. Illuminating-gratings formedl with no dead material at the borders, substantially as and for the purposes hereinset forth and illustrated. v

11. Facing illuminating-roofs and roof-pavements with concrete or material held to the face of the grating by means of necks or glass surplusage, substantiallyT as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

l2. Illuminating-roofs and roof-pavements made by combinations of illuminating-gratings or of quarry glass holders, the glasses of which are formed with glass surplusage or necks to stand above the general level of the work as a means of attachment for a monomorphous finishing-coat of 'materia-l, substantially as and for the purposes herein. set forth and illustrated.

, THADDEUS HYATT. Witnesses: T. C. BREGHT, t

LLOYD F. KELEHER.

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