US2570289A - Velocity modulated beam tubes with reflector electrodes - Google Patents
Velocity modulated beam tubes with reflector electrodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2570289A US2570289A US744690A US74469047A US2570289A US 2570289 A US2570289 A US 2570289A US 744690 A US744690 A US 744690A US 74469047 A US74469047 A US 74469047A US 2570289 A US2570289 A US 2570289A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- modulated beam
- electrode
- gap
- reflector electrodes
- beam tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
- H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
- H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a velocity modulation tube which may be used as oscillator or amplifier.
- One object of the invention is an increase of Vthe output power or a widening the bandwidth by means of a device for transferring energy of the electron beam.
- the ⁇ :modulated beam travels twice in the catcher gap
- the beam is slowed down or decelerated at its second passage and the electrons are collected at a low potential by one or more electrodes conveniently located.
- the electron beam is flattened for an easier separation of the forward and backward beams.
- the only figure shows a velocity modulated tube incorporating features of the invention.
- the embodiment de scribed comprises a cathode I, a grid or Wehnelt electrode 2, a first cavity resonator 3 comprising a modulating gap 1I, a decelerating electrode 5, a cavity resonator a catcher gap 'I and three electrodes 8, 9 and I0.
- the electrode I is of annular shape and the electron beam is in the form of a hollow cylinder.
- the electrode 2 is brought to a negative potential with respect to the cathode.
- the beam is accelerated by the potential Uu of the resonator 3, and converges in gap 4 where it is modulated, it then diverges and is decelerated by electrode 5 which is brought to a negative potential Uc.
- the beam converges again, is accelerated and focalised in the catcher gap 1, where it gives up for the rst time part of its high frequency energy.
- Electrode 8 It diverges in the decelerating field created by electrode 8 brought to a negative potential -U0 with respect to the cathode and is reflected; the beam then converges again in gap ⁇ I and diverges in the canal space between the resonator E and electrode 9.
- the electrons are collected by electrode ID brought to potential U'o.
- the shape of electrodes 5, 9 and I0 and resonator 6 are such that the electron beam is reflected without appreciable change in shape.
- II and I2 are respectively the input and output loops.
- the electron beam is equivalent to a current of mean intensity in Where (i) is the amplitude of the fundamental frequency f.
- (i) is the amplitude of the fundamental frequency f.
- Q is the power loss factor
- w 21rf and C the capacity
- the band width is f AfQ and the energy is proportional to R12.
- the amplitude of the fundamental frequency being constant and equal to i the transit time between the two passages being an odd multiple of a half period, the result is the same as if the cavity resonator was excited by two modulated opposite current components but 1/2 period out of phase. It follows that the D. C. component will be zero and that the amplitude of the first harmonic will be doubled.
- the amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the modulated beam is not constant but proportional to Bessel function J1 (Ka), where (a) is the distance travelled by the beam, K a constant of value depending on the frequency and the potential applied in the normal operation of the tube.
- This amplitude is proportional to the first maximum of function J1 for the first passage in the catcher gap and since the various maxima of J1 are not equa-1 the power delivered to the cavity resonator tuned on the rst harmonic is not multiplied exactly by 4 but by a factor depending on the amplitude of the maxima.
- the beam flows twice in the catcher gap with an appropriate 'phase ⁇ so that the cavity resonator be excited at each half period and the result is the same as if the cavity resonator was excited by twov modulated currents.
- An electron discharge device of the velocity ⁇ modulation* type comprisingan annular electron lfor producing a hollow. cylindrical beam of electrons, a focusing electrode arranged about said gunfor ⁇ focusing said. beam' into a point, a
- a reflector and focusing electrode mounted adjacent said second resonator to reflect said beam through said second resonator with a point of focus at'the gap therein and in a path different from that of the beam in its first passage through said second resonator, said reflecting ⁇ electrode being provided with side walls adjacentsaidfbeam path and a central extension for dilating said hollow beam.
- An electron discharge device comprising a collector electrode mounted adjacent said drift space means for collecting the reflected electrons from the hollow dilated beam.
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR929100T | 1946-04-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2570289A true US2570289A (en) | 1951-10-09 |
Family
ID=9442231
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US744690A Expired - Lifetime US2570289A (en) | 1946-04-12 | 1947-04-29 | Velocity modulated beam tubes with reflector electrodes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2570289A (xx) |
BE (1) | BE480319A (xx) |
FR (1) | FR929100A (xx) |
GB (1) | GB644606A (xx) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2653273A (en) * | 1951-04-14 | 1953-09-22 | Research Corp | High-frequency amplifier |
US2702349A (en) * | 1951-02-15 | 1955-02-15 | Gen Electric | High-frequency electric discharge device and circuits associated therewith |
US2767839A (en) * | 1952-06-07 | 1956-10-23 | Electric Eye Equipment Company | Counterchecking circuit and device |
US2874326A (en) * | 1957-06-05 | 1959-02-17 | Nicholas C Christofilos | Linear accelerator |
US2910613A (en) * | 1955-12-12 | 1959-10-27 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electron tube |
US2960658A (en) * | 1957-06-12 | 1960-11-15 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Microwave amplifiers |
US3043985A (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1962-07-10 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Reflex klystron |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2259690A (en) * | 1939-04-20 | 1941-10-21 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | High frequency radio apparatus |
US2278210A (en) * | 1940-07-05 | 1942-03-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge device |
US2402983A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1946-07-02 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electronic discharge tube |
US2410863A (en) * | 1940-03-05 | 1946-11-12 | Emi Ltd | Electron discharge device |
US2416303A (en) * | 1941-02-05 | 1947-02-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Secondary emissive shell resonator tube |
US2420314A (en) * | 1943-04-26 | 1947-05-13 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | High-frequency resonator-tube |
US2459805A (en) * | 1941-12-12 | 1949-01-25 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type |
-
0
- BE BE480319D patent/BE480319A/xx unknown
-
1946
- 1946-04-12 FR FR929100D patent/FR929100A/fr not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-04-29 US US744690A patent/US2570289A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1947-09-08 GB GB24651/47A patent/GB644606A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2259690A (en) * | 1939-04-20 | 1941-10-21 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | High frequency radio apparatus |
US2410863A (en) * | 1940-03-05 | 1946-11-12 | Emi Ltd | Electron discharge device |
US2278210A (en) * | 1940-07-05 | 1942-03-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge device |
US2416303A (en) * | 1941-02-05 | 1947-02-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Secondary emissive shell resonator tube |
US2402983A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1946-07-02 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electronic discharge tube |
US2459805A (en) * | 1941-12-12 | 1949-01-25 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type |
US2420314A (en) * | 1943-04-26 | 1947-05-13 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | High-frequency resonator-tube |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2702349A (en) * | 1951-02-15 | 1955-02-15 | Gen Electric | High-frequency electric discharge device and circuits associated therewith |
US2653273A (en) * | 1951-04-14 | 1953-09-22 | Research Corp | High-frequency amplifier |
US2767839A (en) * | 1952-06-07 | 1956-10-23 | Electric Eye Equipment Company | Counterchecking circuit and device |
US2910613A (en) * | 1955-12-12 | 1959-10-27 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electron tube |
US2874326A (en) * | 1957-06-05 | 1959-02-17 | Nicholas C Christofilos | Linear accelerator |
US2960658A (en) * | 1957-06-12 | 1960-11-15 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Microwave amplifiers |
US3043985A (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1962-07-10 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Reflex klystron |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE480319A (xx) | |
GB644606A (en) | 1950-10-11 |
FR929100A (fr) | 1947-12-16 |
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