US2568459A - Electric discharge device - Google Patents

Electric discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2568459A
US2568459A US57164A US5716448A US2568459A US 2568459 A US2568459 A US 2568459A US 57164 A US57164 A US 57164A US 5716448 A US5716448 A US 5716448A US 2568459 A US2568459 A US 2568459A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
quartz
glaze
envelope
hydrogen
atmosphere
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US57164A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward B Noel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US57164A priority Critical patent/US2568459A/en
Priority to GB27271/49A priority patent/GB704848A/en
Priority to FR59848D priority patent/FR59848E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2568459A publication Critical patent/US2568459A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/04—Re-forming tubes or rods
    • C03B23/047—Re-forming tubes or rods by drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/207—Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings

Definitions

  • Fused quartz or quartz glass is about the most refractory light and radiation-transmitting material that is practicable for discharge envelopes, but it has the drawback of increasingly rapid devitriflcation at temperatures well below the softening point of quartz, about 1400 C. At temperatures around 900 0., more or less, devitriflcation becomes rapid enough to be a factor in limiting the useful life of the lamp. Devitrification is more rapid in devices whose electrodes are activated with somewhat volatile oxides like the etc.
  • the amount of such substance(s) in a lamp may either exceed what will vaporize durin opshown conclusively from the fact that devitrification of the highly heated inner surface of a quartz envelope containing a gaseous atmosphere chemicallyinert to quartz, such as rare gas and mercury vapor, is also inhibited when such a glaze is applied to the outer surface only of the envelope, the inner surface of which is left uncoated.
  • coating the outer surface of a glass or a quartz envelope containing an ionizable atmosphere chemically active with respect to glass or quartz would be ineffective for protecting the inner surface of such envelope from chemical attack by the gaseous atmosphere.
  • the laze must also be sufliciently permeable to or transmissive of the light or other desired radiation from the interior of the envelope, and should not seriously affect or react with the electrodes or other internal parts of the device, or with the be produced with mere fluxing material such.
  • B203 and P205 (used either singly or together), .without any higher melting material except the silica of the quartz article or part itself; onthe other hand, stable and adherent glazes have al been formed on' quartz with relatively high-melting oxides, such as alumina, thoria, zirconia,
  • glazes such as the boric oxide types mentioned in the Lemmers and Goodwin Patent No. 2,238,777, or the silica, boric oxide, and alumina glasses that are'known commercially as 790-,H glass," marketed by Corning Glass Company, and 376-F flux glass, for which the formula is hereinafter stated.
  • Many of the glazes that prevent diffusion of hydrogen through the hot quartz, and thus devitriflcatlon of quartz, will also protect it from chemical attack by metals which might .be used for the operating atmosphere of a'discharge device, such as cadmium or zinc, or their amalgams.
  • alumina tends to raise the thermal expansion ooeflicient of the glaze.
  • the crazed film may flake ofl in service, or that the cracks may so far impair its continuity as to render it ineffective against devitriflcation, or even that the cracks may extend themselves into the quartz wall under the-stress of high internal pressure in the device, and ultimately cause other oxides as glaze materials or components,
  • glaze components may be: used as batch materials,
  • NH! 2HPO4 ammonium phosphate
  • 'Borates or phosphates which do ,not break down may also be used for the same purposes as P205; and there is some question whether in practice boron'nitride or titanium nitride do or do not break down and pheric moisture.
  • the raw or batch materials may be any which at the heat which they undergo lose all constituents except such as form desired or unobiectionable glaze ingredients.
  • the tube may be held upright and filled with the liquid mixture from the bottom, and the mixture then drained out. After drying out of the liquidfrom the deposited coating, the coating may be "fired in” by externally heating the tube.
  • the glaze materials interfuse into and unite with the silica in such a waythat in the subsequent operation of the tube they do not readily evaporate and leave the silica unprotected,,even though the tube wall temperature .
  • the envelope tube I may be heated externally with an oxy-hydrogen flame. which may be passed back and forth and shifted around to play on the tube from every direction. This may done with the tube exposed to the atmosphere, and before sealing into its ends the current leads to the electrodes, or the,end pieces of seal glass that surround the leads; In this way, the tube wall may be heated nearly or approximately to the softening temperature of the quartz, thus expelling all unwanted gaseous or vaporizable matter from any thermally decomposable ingredients of. the glass batch, and uniting or combining the residues with the silica at the inner surface of the tube, as already explained.
  • the flux e.
  • Diammonium phosphate (NHelaHPOe 34.4 Acetone M 235 85% orthophosphoric acid, HJPO4 cc 15
  • the fired-in coating resulting from this formula is much less hygroscopic, and need not be used so promptly or protected so completely from atmos- Another good glaze formula islthat of the 376-1 flux glass above mentioned:
  • any B20: or P205 that is not stabilized or. held by the silica of the tube wall or by a stabilizing glaze component is gotten rid of.
  • internally glazing tubes X start less easily than unglazed ones, requiring a higher break-down voltage
  • Another method of internally glazing tubes X is to' pass through the tube an atmosphere'comprising suitable glaze constituents, and to heat the tube externalLv to cause these constituents to react, unite, or flux with the inner quartz surface.
  • suitable glaze constituents for example; methyl phosphate produced from methanol and phosphoric acid can be in mixed with air and burned in the tube to glaze it internallywith PzOs; or methyl borate can be similarly produced and applied to coat the tube with B203.
  • This method can also be employed to glaze internally a lamp bulb that has been completed except for sealing in the electrodes. etc.
  • a hollow quartz slug can be internally glazed before being drawn out into tubing, the adherent glaze stretching with the quartz so that the tubing carries a uniform internal film.
  • Such glazing may be done by any of the meth- 7 ods hereinbefore described.
  • the glaze inside the slug may be thicker than would bedesirableinthelammortheglazeinthelamp 1 iiiay be could easily be made if the glaze were first applied to the actual lamp tube.
  • the tubing After drawing to the desired bore and-wall thickness, the tubing may be cut up into suitable lamp tube lengths and made into lamps.
  • F g. -1 shows in longitudinal section one form of discharge device embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows an envelope fora discharge device also embodying the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of a lamp shaving a discharge device embodying my invention.
  • a supply of mercury which vaporizes completely at an envelope temperature slightly lower than the operating temperature of the envelope is indicated by a droplet 8.
  • the device thus operates with an unsaturated or superheated atmosphere of mercury vapor as disclosed and claimed in the U. 8.
  • the glaze I: on the outer surface of the quartz is also eflective for preventing thc-difiuslon of hydrogen through the hot quartz and thus increases the useful life of the lamp incorporating the are tube.
  • the external glaze may be applied conveniently by dipping theenvelope ll held in a horizontal position with the end caps I but notthe electrode inleads mounted thereon into a thin suspension oi" milled boric anhydr'ide (B203) in'butyl acetate and rotating the envelope to cover the area indicated in the drawing.
  • the coated tube is then heated with an pxy-hydrogen flame to' near the working temperature of quartz.
  • the resulting glaze does not craze and is not hygroscopic eral Electric Company.
  • the main discharge sup-.
  • porting electrodes 5 include .tungsten wire coils welded around the inner ends of the two inleads I, while the inner end of the extra tungsten in'lead i serves as a starting electrode.
  • exhaust tip 9 is also shown through which the envelope is exhausted of air and the droplet of mercury, together with the usual starting gas,
  • the electrodes 5 also include the usual material ofhigher electron emissivity than tungsten, such as'barium and strontium oxide or thorium metal.
  • the quartz tubular portion of theenvelope 2 is internally glazed with a vitreous film Ill (whose thickness is greatly exaggerated in the drawing) which is not involved in the seals between the ends of the quartz tube and the glass caps 3.
  • '1 have shown an envelope ll similar to the envelope 2 shown in Fig. 1 except that a glaze I2 is applied to the outer if properly applied.
  • the manufacture of the device is completed in the usual manner by mounting the electrodes in the envelope, through the openings in the glass caps 3, exhausting and then filling the envelope through the usual exhaust tube with a discharge-conducting atmosphere.
  • the en-I velope ll of the device had an inner diameter of 25 millimeters and a gap of 150 millimeters be-' tween its main electrodes.
  • the enlarged center portion of the jacket II had an outer diameter oi.v 3 inches of 88.9 millimeters and a length of approximately 8 inches.
  • the jacket ll was first exhausted and then filled with nitrogen at V: at-
  • the lamp comprises a sealed outer glass jacket ll having a screw type base It and a stem tube It at one end.
  • the dischargedevice provided with a glaze on the outer surface of the quartz portion of its envelope II in accordance with invention is supported in the jacket ll by a U-shaped wire 'mount II;
  • the mount has bridging members [8 engaging the envelope i I and is welded at one end to an inlead l 9 passingthrough the stem l6 and electrically connected at its other end to theupper electrode of the device.
  • a pair of spring braces 20 bearing against the jacket I4 and attached.
  • the starting electrode at the lower end of the device is electrically con nected to the mount I! through a resistance 2
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleteriously afiected by hydrogen in its discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere
  • a sealed envelope containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and having a quartz wall portion
  • said device being designed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen and an alkali and alkaline earth tree glaze consisting essentially of-material oi the group consisting of boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on the external surface of said quartz wall portion making it imperviousto hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen "in the atmosphere without said envelope.
  • a quartz wall portion said device being de- 45 signed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen, said atmosphere being chemically inert to quartz at said temperature, and an internal alkali and alkaline earth free glaze consisting essentially of material of the group consisting of boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said quartz wall portion making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in theatmosphere without said envelope.
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleteri-- ously aiiected by hydrogen in its discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere
  • a sealed envelope containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and being made up of a quartz tube closed at each end by glass caps, said device being designed for operation with the quartz tube at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen, said atmosphere being chemically inert to quartz at said temperature, and a vitreous alkali and alkaline earth free glaze consisting essentially of material of the group consisting of boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said tube making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in the atmosphere without said envelope.
  • a gaseous electric discharge 'devicedeleteriously ailected by hydrogen inits discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere comprising a sealed envelope containing a discharge conducting 5 gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and having a quartz wall portion, said device being designed ior operation with the said quartz,wall
  • an alkali and alkaline earth free glaze consisting essentially oi material of the group consisting of boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said quartz wall portion making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in the atmosphere without said envelope.
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleterim ously aflected by hydrogen in its discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere
  • a sealed envelope containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere freefrom hydrogen and having a quartz wall portion
  • said device being designed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen, said atmosphere being chemically inert to quartz at said temperature and including mercury the vapor of which is luminosity producing during operation of the device, and an alkali and alkaline earthfree glaze consisting essentially of material or the'group consisting oi' -,boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said quartz wall portion making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature tovkeep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in the atmosphere withoutsaid envelope.
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleteriously aflected by'hydrogen in its discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere
  • a sealed envelope containing cooperating main discharge supporting electrodes and a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and having a quartz wall portion
  • said device being designed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen, said atmosphere being chemically inert to quartz at said temperature, and an alkali and alkaline earth free glaze consisting essentially of material of the group cone sisting of boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said quartz wall portion'making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in the atmosphere without said envelope.
  • a high pressure gaseous electric discharge lamp deleteriously affected by hydrogen in its discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere comprising a sealed vitreous jacket and a sealed envelope enclosed within said jacket and containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and having a quartz wall portion, said device being designed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which 55 quartz is pervious to hydrogen, saidv atmosphere being chemically inert to quartz at said tempera-' ture, and an alkali and alkaline earth iree glaze consisting essentially of' material of the group consisting o; boric oxide and phosphoric oxide on said quartz wall portion making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within saidenvelope free from casual hydrogen in the jacket.
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleteri- 76 ously aflected by hydrogen in its discharge conii a ducting gaseous atmosphere comprising a pealed envelope containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and having.
  • a quartz wall portion said device being designed for operation with the said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen and an alkali and alkaline earth free glaze consisting oi boric oxide on said quartz wall portion making it impervious to hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere within said envelope free from casual hydrogen in the atmosphere without said envelo e.
  • a gaseous electric discharge device deleteri- Iously aflected byhydrogen in itsdischarge conducting'gaseous atmosphere comprising a sealed envelope. containing a discharge conducting gaseous atmosphere free from hydrogen and hav-..
  • a quartz wall portion said device being designed ior operation with said quartz wall portion at a temperature at which quartz is pervious to hydrogen, said atmosphere being chemically inert alkaline earth free glaze on said quarts wall portion' making it impervious to. hydrogen at said temperature to keep the gaseous atmosphere.
  • said glaze being composed of material selected fromthe group consisting of boric oxide, phosphoric oxide. silicaand alumina andcontaining at least one or the first two of said materials.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US57164A 1948-10-29 1948-10-29 Electric discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2568459A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57164A US2568459A (en) 1948-10-29 1948-10-29 Electric discharge device
GB27271/49A GB704848A (en) 1948-10-29 1949-10-24 Improvements in and relating to high pressure electric discharge devices
FR59848D FR59848E (fr) 1948-10-29 1949-10-26 Perfectionnements aux tubes à décharge

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US57164A US2568459A (en) 1948-10-29 1948-10-29 Electric discharge device

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2965698A (en) * 1956-08-30 1960-12-20 Gen Electric Quartz tube pinch seal
US3030538A (en) * 1957-06-28 1962-04-17 Philips Corp Ionisation chamber
US3073985A (en) * 1960-04-21 1963-01-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Arc tube and method
US3128169A (en) * 1953-11-25 1964-04-07 Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze Process for making quartz glass casings
US3275879A (en) * 1961-07-31 1966-09-27 Ohmega Lab Capsulated bulb and method of making the same
US3350598A (en) * 1965-12-29 1967-10-31 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure electric discharge device containing a fill of mercury, halogen and an alkali metal and barrier refractory oxide layers
US3377498A (en) * 1966-01-03 1968-04-09 Sylvania Electric Prod In a high pressure lamp, protective metal oxide layers on the inner wall of the quartz envelope
US3390298A (en) * 1965-03-31 1968-06-25 Gen Electric Electric discharge lamp envelope having molten inner surface at operating temperature
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3536946A (en) * 1967-12-07 1970-10-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Temperature-resistant reflective coating for quartz envelope
US3758802A (en) * 1970-01-23 1973-09-11 Nippon Electric Co Improved cathode ray tube having a glass envelope coated with crystallized glass
US3787780A (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-01-22 Rca Corp Electron tube having internal glass member coated with crystalline ceramic material
US3879625A (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-04-22 Gen Electric Zirconia reflector coating on quartz lamp envelope
DE2524410A1 (de) * 1974-06-05 1975-12-11 Gen Electric Glasartiges siliziumdioxyd mit einer sperrzone aus aluminiumsilikat
US3927697A (en) * 1968-02-22 1975-12-23 Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze Quartz glass elements
US3988628A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-10-26 General Electric Company Metal halide lamp with titania-silicate barrier zone in fused silica envelope
US4056751A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-11-01 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Metal halide discharge lamp having optimum electrode location
US4574218A (en) * 1979-12-20 1986-03-04 General Electric Company Metal vapor lamp having internal means promoting condensate film formation
US4985275A (en) * 1986-06-05 1991-01-15 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing a fused silica envelope for discharge lamp
US5394057A (en) * 1992-08-07 1995-02-28 General Electric Company Protective metal silicate coating for a metal halide arc discharge lamp
US5866983A (en) * 1996-11-25 1999-02-02 General Electric Company Protective metal silicate coating for electrodeless HID lamps
CN104496182A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2015-04-08 上海润源化工机械有限公司 一种用于氮化钢制容器的耐高温搪瓷釉浆
CN112142328A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-29 佛山市三水新明珠建陶工业有限公司 一种具有精细模具纹理瓷片的制造方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191888A (en) * 1986-06-05 1987-12-23 Ushio Electric Inc Fused silica envelope for discharge lamp

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1558524A (en) * 1920-01-06 1925-10-27 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Sealing device
US1968822A (en) * 1931-01-17 1934-08-07 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2001504A (en) * 1933-03-08 1935-05-14 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2135663A (en) * 1936-06-27 1938-11-08 Gen Electric Glass composition
US2238777A (en) * 1934-08-23 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Protection of metal vapor lamp bulbs and the like for alkali metal attack

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1558524A (en) * 1920-01-06 1925-10-27 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Sealing device
US1968822A (en) * 1931-01-17 1934-08-07 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2001504A (en) * 1933-03-08 1935-05-14 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2238777A (en) * 1934-08-23 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Protection of metal vapor lamp bulbs and the like for alkali metal attack
US2135663A (en) * 1936-06-27 1938-11-08 Gen Electric Glass composition

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3128169A (en) * 1953-11-25 1964-04-07 Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze Process for making quartz glass casings
US2965698A (en) * 1956-08-30 1960-12-20 Gen Electric Quartz tube pinch seal
US3030538A (en) * 1957-06-28 1962-04-17 Philips Corp Ionisation chamber
US3073985A (en) * 1960-04-21 1963-01-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Arc tube and method
US3275879A (en) * 1961-07-31 1966-09-27 Ohmega Lab Capsulated bulb and method of making the same
US3390298A (en) * 1965-03-31 1968-06-25 Gen Electric Electric discharge lamp envelope having molten inner surface at operating temperature
US3350598A (en) * 1965-12-29 1967-10-31 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure electric discharge device containing a fill of mercury, halogen and an alkali metal and barrier refractory oxide layers
US3377498A (en) * 1966-01-03 1968-04-09 Sylvania Electric Prod In a high pressure lamp, protective metal oxide layers on the inner wall of the quartz envelope
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3536946A (en) * 1967-12-07 1970-10-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Temperature-resistant reflective coating for quartz envelope
US3927697A (en) * 1968-02-22 1975-12-23 Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze Quartz glass elements
US3758802A (en) * 1970-01-23 1973-09-11 Nippon Electric Co Improved cathode ray tube having a glass envelope coated with crystallized glass
US3787780A (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-01-22 Rca Corp Electron tube having internal glass member coated with crystalline ceramic material
US3879625A (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-04-22 Gen Electric Zirconia reflector coating on quartz lamp envelope
DE2524410A1 (de) * 1974-06-05 1975-12-11 Gen Electric Glasartiges siliziumdioxyd mit einer sperrzone aus aluminiumsilikat
US4047067A (en) * 1974-06-05 1977-09-06 General Electric Company Sodium halide discharge lamp with an alumina silicate barrier zone in fused silica envelope
US3988628A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-10-26 General Electric Company Metal halide lamp with titania-silicate barrier zone in fused silica envelope
US4056751A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-11-01 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Metal halide discharge lamp having optimum electrode location
US4574218A (en) * 1979-12-20 1986-03-04 General Electric Company Metal vapor lamp having internal means promoting condensate film formation
US4985275A (en) * 1986-06-05 1991-01-15 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing a fused silica envelope for discharge lamp
US5394057A (en) * 1992-08-07 1995-02-28 General Electric Company Protective metal silicate coating for a metal halide arc discharge lamp
US5866983A (en) * 1996-11-25 1999-02-02 General Electric Company Protective metal silicate coating for electrodeless HID lamps
CN104496182A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2015-04-08 上海润源化工机械有限公司 一种用于氮化钢制容器的耐高温搪瓷釉浆
CN112142328A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-29 佛山市三水新明珠建陶工业有限公司 一种具有精细模具纹理瓷片的制造方法
CN112142328B (zh) * 2020-09-22 2022-09-13 佛山市三水新明珠建陶工业有限公司 一种具有精细模具纹理瓷片的制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB704848A (en) 1954-03-03
FR59848E (fr) 1954-08-23

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