US2566748A

US2566748A - Restraining wall decking

Info

Publication number: US2566748A
Application number: US688469A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ringrose Robert Hall
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1946-05-22
Filing date: 1946-08-05
Publication date: 1951-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 1968-09-04

Description

Sept. 4, 1951 R. H. RINGROSE RESTRAINING WALL DECKING 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 5, 1946 Sept. 4, 1951 R. H. RINGROSE RESTRAINING WALL DECKING 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 5, 1946 luv 6221301 121111 1 92 06a Q Sept. 4, 1951 R. H. RINGROSE RESTRAINING WALL DECKING 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 5, 1946 J l- 36 17 II /2 a m In L 812/101 .1112 b 12/ P086 ,n j

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Sept. 4, 1951 R. H. RINGROSE RESTRAINING WALL DECKING 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 5, 1946 p 1951 R. H. RINGROSE 2,566,748

RESTRAINING WALL DECKING Filed Aug. 5, 1946 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 llzz/v-fin'z op J3 1:1...Bbn 2 al I 6 Patented Sept. 4, 1951 STATES PATENT OFFICE Australia Application August 5, 1946, Serial No. 688,469

"1* "In Australia May 22, 1946 14 Claims.

1 Thisinventionrelates todeckings for restrain; wa ame1r. th se walls whi are s ne to, withstand a distributed load applied to one side face thereof. While the invention is applicablein a general way to deckings for restrain ing Walls of all kinds, such as. side walls forsilos, bins, and other containers, and the like; itis mainly intended for restraining walls in which thef'distributed load on one face of the decking is a hydrostatic load. Examples of such hydrostatically loaded deckings are those of dams for rivers and streams, and side walls for reservoirs and the like. In short, the invention is particularly directed to the provision of deckingsfo'rl small scale dam constructions but is not, limited? thereto.

restraining-wall used to hold back any materiall'gene'rally consists of two main parts; firstly the decking whichisin contact with the supportednijaterial and is required'to be impervious on substantially impervious thereto. and, secondly, abuttress assembly to, hold the decking in re: quired position. For example, a rock-fill dam is characterized by the placement of'a rock or other mass to form an embankment or buttress support and watertightness is obtained by an im-, perviou membrane'pndeck ing which is borne bylsaidbuttr'ess support and is connected to a icutsoff wall extendin into i the foundation a rial. An. a th. am s, simi a y. onstruc d exce t t atea b s us for thexbu ess a A; ibut ess am. haracter ed by b tt s generally of con and a water supporting ire arrie s mis th bu Qi th s, in enti to pro-. M rans t ng and im er us e king tar Kes r as a l c ns r t n hi h s sta cal yd termin. ta n s able to tra mi the. has inirqse fierecn t th m 5mm" 8 element wh e a th ame m being sufilciently'fl xi e tc' a l e em t or other mo merits ofthe wall without impairing ithstan ng ability and its imperviousnie'ss; i adven e t5 h sen invention is that the deck subject thereof may be easily d downw dlyinto a river'bed or the like f Wal orr ee a e r th ug i e. st u t e invention is the provin ne a const i n i wh ch the aucgaxm elements are capable of lateral is t k e ds o e l .31 to the' t ress assembl ma e atices a i th e rtrir a st ll fur htbbiew c the in en o is t p i a ter itres-train n wall de k ng s'truct qii which ma be b i up e s l a h p f m le e gd ced e ements or sections substantially irrespective of the size and shape of the required decking.

The present invention may be shortly summarised in terms or a preferred embodiment thereof, as consisting in a restraining wall decking composed of a plurality of bolsters able to rest uprightly against a buttress assembly without restraint against'lateral movability relative thereto, a plurality of deck face panels having side portions able to seat upon said bolsters, and means for sealing the adjacent side portions of neighbouring pairs of panels.

Examples of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a small-scale perspective view of a restraining wall construction incorporating a structurally built-up buttress assembly.

Figure 1A is a similar view to Figure 1 showing a restraining wall construction incorporating a rock-fill (or earth-fill); buttress'assembly.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the'construction shown in Figure '1:

Figure 3'is an incomplete plan projected from Figure 2. i

Figures 4 and 5 are fragmentary sectional views taken" on lines 4- 4 and 55 respectively in Figure 3.

Figures 6, '7, 8 and 9 are fragmentary views (similar to Figure 4) showingfsligntly modified arrangements. T

Figures 10 and 1 1 are incqmplete sectional elevations showing methods of joining between deck panel components.

Figures 12 and 13 are fragmentary iews (similar to Figure l) showing slightly modified arrangements.

As previously stated herein, a restraining wall decking requires to be supported uprightly by a buttress assembly. The term uprightly is not used herein in the limited sense or indicating vertica ly upright disposition of the decking, because deckings according hereto may be disposed with the deck face making an angle with the horizontal of from down to about 45 or even less. Thus the term uprightly is used herein as indicating a deck face having a substantial inclination from the horizontal, or in other words, a wall face whereof the angular disposition includes a vertically upright component relative to horizontal.

An essentiality in'the erection or insta lation of a decking according hereto is the provision of a buttress assembly to provide the necessary backing or support for the decking. *The buttress assembly may be or known and conventional form or design; for example, it may consist of a plurality of buttress members each built as a structural steel truss, or of a plurality of solid concrete buttress members; or merely of a hilled up mass of rock, earth or the like as shown in Figure 1A.

In Figures 1 and '2 to 5 there is shown one simple form of built-up buttress assembly. This assembly consists of a plurality of buttress members each being a roughly triangular frame composed of bearers H, struts l2, ties l3 and stays M. The buttress members are conventionally adapted for stationary erection on the site. In the illustrated arrangement, the lower ends of the bearers I l are simply deeply embedded in the earth and the lower ends of the struts l2 are embedded or socketed in a concrete base member l5. It will be appreciated that the construetional details of the deck supporting buttress assembly may be varied considerably (according to requirements of the site and the nature of structural materials readily available in the site vicinity), provided it consists of a stationary structure having a frontal bearer face, such as that constituted by the bearers l 1, against which the bolsters forming part of the decking structure may rest uprightly and without restraint against lateral movability relative to the buttress assembly. The illustrated forms of buttress assemblies are suitable for small scale dams in which timber logs or rock or earth filling are readily available in the site vicinity. The Figure l buttress assembly is also a type which, once the several members have been shaped and drilled or otherwise conditioned, may be readily erected on the site by bolting or other clamping together of the various parts.

The several buttress members are preferably cross-tied by brace members such as 16. The bearer faces of the buttress members constitute a seating for bolsters l1. These bolsters are not fixed in any way to the buttress members and, therefore, are capable of lateral movement relative thereto. The bolsters constitute seatings for the side or longitudinal edge portions of decking panels indicated generally by I 8. Each panel may consist of a single slab or sheet or of a plurality of slab'elements it) which are assembled together to constitute a panel with their meeting ends sealed with concrete, bitumen or other sealing material. One form in which these ends may be sealed is shown in Figure 10. Referring to that figure, the upper end of each element is is formed as a channel socket by provision of walls and 2|. The lower end of each element l9 has a tongue 22 able to enter the channel socket and leave space 23 within which sealing, packing or caulking material may be placed by pouring, tamping or the like. If the sealing medium is of compressible or plastic nature it may be compressed or squeezed tightly into the Joint by means of cover plates 24 and bolts and nuts 25. Where a panel such as i8 is made up of elements such as IS the edge portions are of course applied to theengaging joint portions after as sembly thereof in order to make the side portions continuous from top to bottom of the panel.

The adjacent longitudinal edge portions of side beads 26 of each neighbouring pair of panels preferably abut one against the other as shown at 21 in Figure 5, thus ensuring that all lateral forces are transmitted from panel to panel. The lateral movability of the bolsters ll relative to the bearers ll ensures that the only forces imposed on the buttress assembly are directed thereon truly normal to the bearer surfaces thereof.

The surfaces meeting at 21 are preferably rounded, as shown, in order that good rolling contact may be established notwithstand slight misaligmnent of the buttress members, A l

the points of contact the edge portions may be reinforced with metal or otherwise to. meet the stress concentration at that point. The bolsters I! may be provided with cradle grooves 28 for the reception of the side beads 26. Said bolsters may be made (for example) of timber, reinforced concrete or metal.

Means for sealing the side portions of the panels may take various forms. For preference these means consist, or primarily consist in providing the beads 26 with stepped portions as at 29 so as to provide a packing space 38. Space 3!) may be filled or tamped with any conventional packing or sealing material but preferably it is provided with a grummet 3| which extends for the full length of the panel side joint. The grum met may be made of rubber or other sealing medium and it incorporates a rod 32 which extends throughout the length of the grummet. The rod 32 has a plurality of studs 33 fixed thereto. These extend through slots in the bead sides and holes gasket strips 31 and bolt pressure is spread along the plates by inflexible clamping strips 38. The cover plates 34 have one or more longitudinal corrugations such as 39 or other provision therein to provide for lateral flexibility,

Thejoint shown in Figure 6 is substantially the same as that shown in Figures 4 and 5 with the exception that a rod such as 32 (Figures 4 and 5) is replaced by a tube 40 havingfeed-holes 4i therein. With this arrangement the space 30A may be tightly packed with hemp or the like and then permeated (or from time to time reper-' meated) with tar, pitch, bitumen, tallow, grease or other fluid or semifiuid imperviating material fed thereto under pressure through the tube 40 and holes 4|. To facilitate this feeding the upper end of the tube 46 may be fashioned as a nipple or union, with or without a non-return valve therein, to which a grease-gun or other force feed device may be applied.

The panels, or the constituent sections or elements [9 thereof, illustrated by Figures 1 to 6,

are made of concrete preferably reinforced in conventional manner. The panels or elements may, however, consist of plain or corrugated or fluted metal plates 42 (Figure '7) having their side edges embedded in side beads 43. Figure 7 also illustrates a slightly modified bolster44 from which cradle grooves (such as 23Figure 4 have been omitted; the joint bolts 46 being relied on to maintain required disposition of the beads 43 in Loose bolts 52 may be.

relation to the bolster 44. provided to hold the panels together. The grum-, met rod 45 (which may be a solid rod such as 32, in Figure 4, a holed tube such as 40 in Figure 6, or a plain tube as shown) has the joint bolts 46 and additional bolts 4'! anchored thereto. These bolts may be anchored to the rod 45 by being welded thereto, or if said rod is tubular it may be furnished with key-hole slots which enable the bolt heads to be entered thereinto. In this arrangement the grummet 37A isadapted to seat against the side surfaces 48 which partly define the space 36A. The additionalbolts 4'! carry ead s e d to e g ammar 31 Panels: such as 42* may e madegirozn sing-1e.- sheetsof: plate metal ortheymay'be; mad rrom, a plurality of sheet. elements. It a plurality of ele-. ments are employed they may be joined together by welding; or otherwise. For example, they may be joined as shown in Figure 10,, in which two elements IJQA arelapped and bolted-together with a. gasket 50. therebetween. Where. a panel, such as 42. is made up of elements such, as 18A,, the beads; 43; are, of course, applied to, the lapping joint portions after assembly thereof, inordertto.

malts the beads continuous from bottom totop of, thepanel.

Figure 8 illustrates slightly modified means for sealing and abutting side edges of a pair of panels. This; construction, to some, extent, incorporates features of the two forms shown in Figures 4 and 7, in that it includes a bolster 44A which is similar to,.tha,t numbered, 54 in Figure 7 buthas hallow cradle grooves 28A therein. Again, the grung -.1 met type sealing devices 51 are substantially similar to those shown in Figure 7, with the main exception; that the grummet, is in two strips. 53. held in shoes. 54 mounted on a grummet rod 45A furnished with joint bolts itA. The shoes 54 may be of; channel cross-sectional shape as show-n, or they may be of semi-circular or other cross-sectional shape. The pull of the joint bolts 46A is preferably resiliently applied through springs suchas 55..

Figure 9 shows a modification of the grummet type sealing devices. These are substantially the same as those shown in Figure 8 in comprising two grummet strips 53A, shoes 54A and a grummet rod can. The rod 453 in this arrangement is loaded by compression spring 55A bearing against a bridge plat 56, and is capable of load adjustment by operation of loading bolt 51 threaded in the bridge plate 56 which is free to move in holes 58 in side portions 26A. This arrangement is particularly useful where it is required to set or adjust the grummet loading from the front of the restraining Wall instead of from the back as is necessary with the arrangement shown in Figure 8.

It will be appreciated that by the use of cradle grooves in the bolsters it is not essential for the panel beads to abut one against the other, as, with such grooves present, panel side thrusts may be transmitted from one panel to another per medium of the grooved bolster. The width of the bolster may in fact be made as wide as required for stability of the buttress assembly as shown in Figure 12, where a bolster 59 laterally movable relative to a buttress assembly (50) accommo dates the adjacent side portions 6| in a pair of cradle grooves 62, and sealing of portions BI is effected as indicated (for example) at 63.

Although the panels may be flat between the side beads thereof, the concrete panels are preferably arched or convex in the direction of load pressure as shown in Figures 1 to 6 and 8 of the drawings, and the plate panels are preferably similarly arched or convex, as well as preferably being corrugated as shown in Figures 7 and 10. For circular reservoirs the panels may be concave in the direction of load pressure as indicated at 64 in Figure 13, thus causing them to be in tension. With this arrangement a buttress assembly as previously described herein may be employed to support the bolsters (65). Alternatively the bolsters 55 may be extended upwardly beyond the tops of the panels, and the buttress assembly therefor may then consist of radial tie rods connected to a post in the centre of the reservoir, and

. qiemstriseltie rice y oem te bodiment of. h int tion arer ei vd rected to a dam construction. However, the invention generally applicable for; use in restraining wall construct for ample, the; pa e may be. stQQd. vertically upright (instead of inclined as. hown). for the uildin of, a? y in r cal: r e ensu ar s lo or-water holdinef' s lga n. the wall panels maybe wedge shaped to. enable cont-.- cal retaining walls to be built therewith.

What I. claim, is:

1 A restraining wall; comprising a plurality oi bolsters, a buttress assembly for supporting said bolsters uprightly and; without restraint against, lateral movability thereof, a plurality of inflexible panels havin ide por on ll sea d upon said bolsters, and resilient means for seals the adja ent side po tio f a h nei hbou ing pair of said panels.

restr inin wall comprising a plur i y of. bolsters, a buttress assembly for supportin said bolsters uprightly and Without restraint; against lateral moi ability thereof, a plurality of inflex ible. panels having side. portions rollably seated upon said bolsters with the adjacent side, portions of each neighbouring pair ofside; panels in abutment, and resilient means, for sealing said abutting side portions.

3. A restraining wall comprising a plurality of bolsters having cradle grooves formed therein, a buttress assembly for supporting said bolsters uprightly and without restraint against lateral movability thereof, a plurality of inflexible panels having rounded side beads rollably seated in said cradle grooves, and resilient means for sealing the adjacent side portions of each neighbouring pair of said panels.

4. A restraining wall comprising a plurality of bolsters having cradle grooves formed therein, a buttress assembly for supporting said bolsters uprightly and without restraint against lateral movability thereof, a plurality of inflexible panels having rounded side beads rollably seated in said cradle grooves with the adjacent side beads of each neighbouring pair of said panels in abutment, and resilient means for sealing said abutting side portions.

5. A restraining wall comprising a plurality of bolsters, a buttress assembly for supporting said bolsters uprightly and without restraint against lateral movability thereof, a plurality of inflexible panels having side beads rollably seated upon said bolsters and having longitudinal steps in said beads to form packing spaces between said beads, and grummet sealing means in said packing spaces.

6. A restraining wall comprising a plurality of bolsters, a buttress assembly for supporting said bolsters uprightly and without restraint against lateral movability thereof, a plurality of inflexible panels having side beads rollably seated upon said bolsters, seatings formed on said beads, flexible cover plates which rest on neighbouring pairs of said seatings, means for liquid-tightly clamping said cover plates on said neighbouring seatings, steps in said beads to form packing spaces therein, and grummet sealing means disposed in said packing spaces.

'7. A restraining wall according to claim 3 wherein said panels have said beads moulded integrally therewith.

8. A restraining wall according to claim 3 of elements and means for sealing the meeting ends of said elements comprising channel sockets on the upper ends of said elements and tongues on'the lower ends of said elements.

11. A restraining wall according to claim 3 wherein each of said panels consists of a plurality of plate elements having their side edges embedded in said beads and means for sealing the meeting ends of said elements comprising overlapping portions of said elements and devices for clamping said overlapping portions together with a gasket therebetween.

12. A restraining wall according to claim 5 wherein said grummet sealing means each' comprise a grummet and means for compressing said grummet within its said packing space.

13. A restraining wall according to claim 5 wherein said grummet sealing means each comgrummet rod whereon said shoes are mounted,

joint bolts which pass through said grummet rod and said bolster and springs which resiliently bear on said grummet rod sleeved on said jointbolts.

14. A decking according to claim 5 wherein said grummet sealing means each comprise a grummet and means for compressing it within its said packing space comprising a pair of grummet strips, shoes to hold said strips, a grummet rod whereon said shoes are mounted, compression springs able to bear against said grummet rod, loading bolts for said springs and bridge plates for supporting said loading bolts in relation to said panel beads.

ROBERT HALL RINGROSE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS