US2561609A - High-frequency hair waver - Google Patents

High-frequency hair waver Download PDF

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Publication number
US2561609A
US2561609A US652042A US65204246A US2561609A US 2561609 A US2561609 A US 2561609A US 652042 A US652042 A US 652042A US 65204246 A US65204246 A US 65204246A US 2561609 A US2561609 A US 2561609A
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United States
Prior art keywords
curler
hair
mumetal
current
tress
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Expired - Lifetime
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US652042A
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English (en)
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Briggs George
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D4/00—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers
    • A45D4/08—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers for flat curling, e.g. with means for decreasing the heat
    • A45D4/12—Separate devices designed for heating hair curlers or hair-wavers for flat curling, e.g. with means for decreasing the heat heated by electricity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/48—Circuits
    • H05B6/50—Circuits for monitoring or control

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the waving of hair, more particularly the so-called permanent waving of human hair, and has for its chief object to provide a new method. of carrying out the said process and also apparatus for carrying out the said new method.
  • the rising heat process has advantages, particularly in the result produced, but it has the disadvantage that it has involved the person whose hair is being waved being tied to the waving apparatus by a number of wires for a considerable period. In other words, the head of that person is connected to the apparatus by flexible electric conductors leading to the heating elements. This has, in many cases, a detrimental psychological effect on the person in question. This is, of course, not present in the falling heat system of permanent waiving but, as stated above, this system is not in general favoured.
  • the curlers on which the tresses of hair are wound are themselves made of, or associated with elements made of, a metal into which electric currents may be induced from a non-integral high frequency source'so that the necessary heat may be quickly generated in or about the said curler to carry out the waving process.
  • FIG 1 illustrates diagrammatically the basic electrical circuit of the preferred form of apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a curler designed to prevent the occurrence of hot-spots and to secure the even heating of the tress of hair wound thereon, and
  • Figure 3 is a transverse section through the same.
  • Figure 4 is a transverse section through a wound curler provided with an outer sheath of Mumetal or the like to ensure that the tress of hair is heated both from the inside and the outside.
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the application of the present invention to the tipto-root or Croquignole system of hair waving.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are respectively a perspective view-of and a transverse section through a further form of curler that may advantageously be used in carrying out the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is the circuit diagram of a suitable protective system for use in the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a modification of such a protective system.
  • the curlers on which the tresses of hair are wound are themselves made of, or associated with elements made of, a metal into which electric currents may be induced from a non-integral high frequency source so that the necessary heat may be quickly generated in or about the curler to carry out the waving process.
  • the preferred apparatus thus comprises (referring to Figure l of the accompanying drawings) basically a H. F. generator II of a suitable form fed from the mains I2.
  • the most satisfactory frequency has been found to be 400 kcs./sec., but this may be varied without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the output I3 from the H. F. generator I I is coupled to a coil I4 which in turn is connected to the work coil I5 through a condenser I6.
  • the coil I4 is adjustable as shown for tuning purposes.
  • the work coil I5 is preferably carried in the barrel of a gun (not shown) which can be slipped over the Mumetal curlers I I on which the tresses of hair l8 are wound one by one.
  • the very intense field which can be generated by the coil I5 in the barrel of the gun enables the curler I1 to be brought up to the required heat very quickly (in a matter of seconds as distinct from minutes).
  • the overall time required to treat the whole head of hair by dealing with the wound curlers one after the other is not increased out of all proportion as would at first sight appear to be the case. In fact the time is reduced as compared with previously proposed systems.
  • the temperature gradient from the centre to the ends of the curler is so reat, particularly if the curler be made of Mumetal, that if the curler be heated for sufficiently long to raise the ends of the curler to the desired temperature the middle gets too hot and so burns the tress of hair at this point whilst, if heating be stopped when the centre of the curler has reached the desired temperature, the ends of the curler have not attained a sufficient temperature adequately to bake the tress of hair at these points.
  • a curler of the form shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings may be employed.
  • the curler base I! of Mumetal, or other material into which heating currents can be induced is surrounded by a split sheath 20 of non-magnetic metal of good heat conducting qualities, such as aluminium.
  • the outer sheath 2!] of aluminium or the like should be in good physical contact with the core I! so that it may, by reason of its good heat conducting qualities, attain the same, or substantially the same, temperature throughout the whole of its length even within the short time that the composite curler is subjected to the heating current.
  • the object of splitting the sheath 20 is to enable the heating current to reach the core l1. If the sheath 20 were not split it would act as a shield and prevent the core heating up. It is not necessary that the sheath should not extend completely around the core.
  • the edges of the sheath may, if desired, overlap provided they are electrically insulated from one another.
  • the outer sleeve 30 must be split in order to enable the high frequency heating current to reach the centre curler I! and to heat the same. If the sleeve 30 were not split it is true that it would be itself heated up but it would act as a shield to the centre curler and would prevent the same being heated up. As it is, with such an arrangement, the wound tress of hair is heated, or baked, both on the inside and the outside and a very effective curl is obtained.
  • the sleeve 30 should not extend completely around the centre curler I l.
  • the edges of the sleeve may, if desired, overlap provided they are electrically insulated from one another.
  • the sleeve may be formed from a piece of Mumetal foil or thin sheet which is wrapped around the wound tress of hair, one side of the foil or the like being provided with a layer of absorbent lint or other insulating material which serves not only electrically to insulate the overlapping l8 has been wound on the parts of the sleeve but also as a carrier for any reagents it is desired to apply to the hair during the baking process.
  • the gun form of carrier for the work coil l5 will be found to be quite satisfactory for a hair waving system where the tresses of hair are wound on to the curlers from root-to-tip. Where, however, the tresses of hair are wound on to the curlers from point-to-root, such apparatus is not practicable since the root of a tress of hair lies at the centre of a curler instead of one end.
  • the curler could be of substantially the same shape as that heretofore used for pointto-root winding and be made of Mumetal (or another suitable metal).
  • the apparatus would be provided with two small current carrying or work coils 40, 4
  • high frequency heating currents would be induced only into the ends of the curler.
  • temperature gradients would be set up from the ends of the curler to the centre, with the result that lon before the centre of the curler had been heated sufficiently to bake the hair at this point the edges of the coil-of hair on the curler would be burnt. What is required is some means of ensuring that the curler is heated evenly, or substantially evenly, throughout the whole of its length.
  • the curler is not in the form of a rod of Mumetal or the like but, as shown in Figure 5, comprises a split sleeve 5
  • Plugs 52 of soft iron or the'like may be provided about the ends of the wires, theseplugs being spaced from the ends of the curler so as not to heat the same by direct conduction.
  • the split in the outer aluminium or like sleeve will ensure that the heating currents are induced into the wires and by suitably choosing the number of wires and arranging their packing it can beensured that the centre of the curler will be heated up by conduction at the samerateas the other parts of the curler which are heated partially by conduction and partially by radiation, the ends of the outer sleeve within the heatin coils preferably being heated by radilation from the plugs only.
  • a solid core may be employed.
  • the curler. I! may be providedwith a sleeve or covering 55 which keeps the hair out of contact with the metal of the curler.
  • the sleeve 55 may be made of fabric and be slipped over the curler or, alternatively, the covering may be provided by a strip of asbestos braid or the like which is Wound about the curler.
  • the sleeve or covering is preferably porous so that it may serve as a carrier for the reagents used in treating the hair and, if desired, sleeves or coverings of different thicknesses may be provided so that different amounts of reagents may be used to vary the time of steaming of the tresses of hair.
  • each tress of hair may be surrounded by a rubber or other resilient sleeve which at one end is adapted to grip the tress of hair tightly at the roots and at the other end is adapted to take over a ridge on the forward end of the gun, thereby preventing the egress of steam from the forward end of the barrel.
  • the resilient sleeve may be provided with a rubber or like pad adapted to rest on the scalp.
  • the resilient sleeve may be carried by the forward end of the gun.
  • the tress of hair is steamed out very much more quickly than with the previously proposed methods of waving hair, since the Mumetal or like curler or similar element may be heated up very rapidly. In fact it is a matter of seconds only before the steaming out process is complete. Now it will be obvious that this advantage brings with it a corresponding disadvantage since, if the current be left on even for a short time after the steaming out process is complete, the Mumetal or like curler Will continue to rise in temperature and will rapidly burn the hair. It is preferable, therefore, in carrying out the present invention to provide means for interrupting the current supply immediately the desired steaming out or cooking process is completed. It is also desirable to provide a protective system which will automatically cut off the current in the event of any fault occurring in the apparatus.
  • the input current from the A. C. mains Hill is adapted to charge up a condenser H3! through a rectifier 102 and a resistance I93 which may, if desired, be adjustable, as shown.
  • this condenser I0! is discharged through one winding 104 of a relay H14, I535, the contacts I06 of which close to complete the circuit of a relay Hl'l through a thermal delay switch H18.
  • This relay has one pair of contacts I 99 adapted to close the input circuit of a transformer M0 for supplying H. T.
  • the secondary H5 of this transformer is adapted to charge up through a rectifier I iii a further condenser H7 in parallel with which is a gas discharge tube H8 and the second winding H35 of the relay I04, I 05, this winding $05 being connected up in opposition to the first Winding I04.
  • the lead from the rectifier I I6 is taken through an adjustable resistance ll9 to an adjustable point on a potentiometer I20 shunted across the condenser. The purpose of these adjustable resistances will be described hereinafter.
  • a second condenser gas-discharge tube assembly l2l, I22 maybe :arranged to'be charged from the secondary H .of the current transformer, this assembly including a relay I23, thedouble contacts 124 of which are included one in-each of the mains leads.
  • the gas-discharge tube I22 of this assembly would be arranged by means of the potentiometer I25 to strike at a higher potential than the first gas-discharge tube H8.
  • such a second assembly is unnecessary, its sole function being to protect the apparatus 'in the event of failure of the first assembly.
  • the first condenser gas-discharge tube assembly may be operated by the rise inthe high frequency voltage in the work circuit, the condenser being charged up by the rectified high frequency current.
  • the system according to the present invention has the further advanta e that it is possible to cut off the supply at any time irrespective of the temperature of the Mumetal. For this purpose it is merely necessary to remove the gun from about the curler when the cut-out will operate to switch off the current.
  • Apparatus for use in carrying out the waving of hair which comprises: a plurality of curlers of a high permeability alloy in which high frequency heating currents can be induced to heat said curlers rapidly; a generator for generating high frequency currents; a high tension supply to said generator; at work coil fed from said generator, said work coil freely embracing one of said curlers having a tress of hair wound thereon to induce high frequency electromagnetic heating currents in said curlers; and switch means opcrating to automaticallyswitch off at least .
  • Apparatus foruse'incarrying out the-waving of hair which comprises: a plurality of curlers of a high permeability alloy in which high frequency heating currents can be induced to heat said curlers rapidly; a generator for generating high frequency currents; a-high tension supply to said generator; a work coil fed from said generator, said work coil freely embracing one of said curlers having a tress of hairwound thereon to induce high frequency electromagnetic heating currentsin said curlers; the reactance of said curler within said work coil being-reduced as its temperature increases, whereby there is .a rise in the high frequency current flowingin said work coil, in the input circuit and in the anode .circuit of said generator; and switch means provided in .oneof said .circuits operating to automatically switch off at least the high tension supply to the generator when the current inthe .circuit in question reaches a predetermined value.
  • Apparatus according to'claim 2 in which the high tension supply to the generator is controlled through the intermediary .of a double woundrelay, one winding of which is energized to close the relay contacts when the apparatus is switched on, and the winding of which is in opposition to the first winding, the second winding being connected in series with a gas discharge tube and a condenser which is charged :up by voltages derived from one of the circuits, the arrangement being-such that at the required time the gas discharge tube strikes and the second winding is energized to overcome the energization of the first winding and open the relay-loontacts.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Hair Curling (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US652042A 1945-10-31 1946-03-05 High-frequency hair waver Expired - Lifetime US2561609A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB28878/45A GB617245A (en) 1945-10-31 1945-10-31 Improvements in and relating to the waving of hair

Publications (1)

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US2561609A true US2561609A (en) 1951-07-24

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US652042A Expired - Lifetime US2561609A (en) 1945-10-31 1946-03-05 High-frequency hair waver

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Country Link
US (1) US2561609A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR923884A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB617245A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL65349C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752474A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-06-26 August F P Stenzy Electrical heating unit
US2938716A (en) * 1956-05-28 1960-05-31 Harold B Conant Apparatus for producing copper oxide cells
US4499355A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-02-12 Clairol Incorporated Heated personal care appliances

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1260056B (de) * 1956-07-25 1968-02-01 Dallas D Weatherholt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen, Formen oder Dauerwellen von Haaren oder dergleichen Haarbehandlung

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1697148A (en) * 1926-08-14 1929-01-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetic pyrometer
US1734536A (en) * 1927-09-29 1929-11-05 Ugine Infra Electric furnace
US1892106A (en) * 1923-11-15 1932-12-27 Shelton Jancke Corp Apparatus for use in waving hair
US1993876A (en) * 1933-06-10 1935-03-12 Us Appliance Corp Hair waving apparatus
US2009973A (en) * 1932-05-16 1935-07-30 Western Union Telegraph Co Protecting electrical instruments from excessive electrical surges
US2118594A (en) * 1933-12-28 1938-05-24 Rca Corp Permanent wave machine
US2137189A (en) * 1938-01-19 1938-11-15 Stewart C Whitman Electrical discharge tube hair waving device
US2177881A (en) * 1939-10-31 Permanent waving
US2184534A (en) * 1937-11-26 1939-12-26 Harry B Smith Pipe welding and heat-treating process and means
US2284863A (en) * 1939-03-28 1942-06-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Permanent hair wave indicator

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2177881A (en) * 1939-10-31 Permanent waving
US1892106A (en) * 1923-11-15 1932-12-27 Shelton Jancke Corp Apparatus for use in waving hair
US1697148A (en) * 1926-08-14 1929-01-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetic pyrometer
US1734536A (en) * 1927-09-29 1929-11-05 Ugine Infra Electric furnace
US2009973A (en) * 1932-05-16 1935-07-30 Western Union Telegraph Co Protecting electrical instruments from excessive electrical surges
US1993876A (en) * 1933-06-10 1935-03-12 Us Appliance Corp Hair waving apparatus
US2118594A (en) * 1933-12-28 1938-05-24 Rca Corp Permanent wave machine
US2184534A (en) * 1937-11-26 1939-12-26 Harry B Smith Pipe welding and heat-treating process and means
US2137189A (en) * 1938-01-19 1938-11-15 Stewart C Whitman Electrical discharge tube hair waving device
US2284863A (en) * 1939-03-28 1942-06-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Permanent hair wave indicator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752474A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-06-26 August F P Stenzy Electrical heating unit
US2938716A (en) * 1956-05-28 1960-05-31 Harold B Conant Apparatus for producing copper oxide cells
US4499355A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-02-12 Clairol Incorporated Heated personal care appliances

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR923884A (fr) 1947-07-21
NL65349C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB617245A (en) 1949-02-03

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