US2548526A - Mixed grain photographic emulsions - Google Patents
Mixed grain photographic emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2548526A US2548526A US715605A US71560546A US2548526A US 2548526 A US2548526 A US 2548526A US 715605 A US715605 A US 715605A US 71560546 A US71560546 A US 71560546A US 2548526 A US2548526 A US 2548526A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- sensitive
- silver halide
- color former
- coupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 4
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical class [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical class [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical class [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactopyranuronic acid Natural products OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-YBSDWZGDSA-N d-mannuronic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-YBSDWZGDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/392—Additives
- G03C7/396—Macromolecular additives
Definitions
- This invention relates to color photography and particularly to mixed grain photographic emulsions.
- mixed grain photographic emulsions that is photographic systems in which differently sensitized silver halide grains are incorporated in a single photographic emulsion layer and may be used to produce differently colored photographic images in the layer.
- Mixed grain photographic systems have a number of advantages among which are the simplicity of coating a single photographic layer and the improvement in definition secured by having the differently sensitized particles juxtaposed in a single layer. Processing the emulsion is also generally simplified.
- My method involves in general the incorporation of the sensitized silver halide grains and a color former or coupling compound in a colloidal material which is soluble in water but which may be rendered insoluble and dispersed in a water-permeable colloidal material such as gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol.
- the colloidal material in Which the silver halide and coupler are incorporated consists of a hydrophilic macromolecular compound, esspecially a polymeric six-carbon atomv aldehyde carboxylic acid such as alginic acid or oxidized cellulose.
- Alginic acid is a polymeric d-mannuronic acid and is available as the water-soluble sodium salt.
- Oxidized cellulose is a polymeric dglucuronic acid.
- the formula for alginic acid, of which algin is the sodium salt, may be represented as follows:
- hydrophilic macromolecular compounds 2 molecular I mean a colloidal or "polymeric compound.
- the general method for'the preparation of a mixed grain emulsion according to my invention involves the preparation of two'or more silver halide emulsions sensitive to diiierent regions of the spectrum. These emulsions may be prepared in gelatin as a carrier for the silver halide in the usual way or the silver halide may be dispersed directly in the algin or sodium alginate. If the silver halide is dispersed in gelatin the emulsions are separately mixed with portions of the sodium alginate.
- coupler is added to each emulsion and the emulsions are then mixed with gelatin or other water-permeable carrier containing a water-soluble salt of a metal capable of forming a colorless, insoluble salt with the sodium alginate.
- gelatin or other water-permeable carrier containing a water-soluble salt of a metal capable of forming a colorless, insoluble salt with the sodium alginate.
- This forms an insoluble salt of the alginate, and the sensitized silver halide and coupler are retained in the insoluble salt of alginate thus formed.
- the mixture is homogenized, resulting in a dispersion in gelatin or other carrier used, of particles of insoluble alginate containing sensitized silver halide and coupler.
- T'he water-soluble salt of a metal, used to form the insoluble alginate may be calcium chloride, calcium acetate, aluminum acetate or Water-soluble salts of zirconium, barium, zinc or tin.
- the coupler added to the emulsion may be one which is non-diffusing in the gelatinas described in British Patent 503,752 or the "emulsion may be prepared using a method such as that described in Jelley and Vittum U. S. Patent 2,322,027.
- the couplers listed in the Jelley and Vittum patent may be used in my process.
- the dispersion may also be made with the couplers described in Peterson U. @S. Patents-2,308,023; 2,296,306; and 2,353,754..
- the silver halide mulsions employed in my process may be sensitized to the blue, green and red regions of the spectrum With non-wandering sensitizers in the customary manner.
- a green sensitizer 5- [:3'- ethyl-2-(3)-benzoxazolylidenel ethylidene 3- n-heptyl-l-phenyl-Z-thiohydantoin may be used,
- Example 2 The general procedure of Example 1 was followed except that calcium acetate solution was added to the plain gelatin solution through a very fine orifice and the emulsion in algin solution was added dropwise simultaneously into the same gelatin solution always keeping the calcium acetate solution in slight excess in the reacting medium. The dispersion prepared in this way was coated, exposed and developed.
- Example 3 I To 100 cc. of a red-sensitive gelatino silver bromide-emulsion prepared as described in Example 1, there was added 1.0 gram of algin which was thoroughly stirred into the emulsion. This mixture was then added to 100 cc. of 5% gelatin solution in a Waring Blendor running at high speed. After a minute or two, 10 cc. of 10% calcium acetate solution were added and stirring was continued for about two minutes.
- a sensitive photographic element comprising a single emulsion layer capable of reproducing colors of different regions of the spectrum
- said layer comprising a water-permeable colloidal material containing particles of insoluble salt of a polymeric G-carbon-atom aldehyde carboxylic acid 1 having dispersed therein silver ha ide grains sensitive to a region of the visible spectrum and a color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye image, and at least one other group of separate particles of said insoluble salt having dispersed therein silver halide grains sensitive to a different region of the visible spectrum than said first-mentioned grains and a color former capable of coupling to form a different dye image than said first-mentioned color former.
- a sensitive photographic element comprising a single emulsion layer capable of reproducing colors of different regions of the spectrum, said layer comprising a water-permeable colloidal material containing particles of insoluble salt of alginic acid having dispersed therein silver halide grains sensitive to a region of the visible spectrum and a color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye image and at least one other group of separate particles of said insoluble salt having dispersed therein silver halide grains sensitive to a difierent region of the visible spectrum than said first-mentioned grains and a color former capable of coupling to form a different dye image than said first-mentioned color former.
- a sensitive photographic element comprising a single emulsion layer capable of reproducing colors of diiferent regions of the spectrum, said layer comprising gelatin containing particles of calcium alginate having dispersed therein silver halide grains sensitive to a region of the visible spectrum and a color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye image, and at least one other group of separate particles of said calcium alginate having dispersed therein silver halide grains sensitive to a different region of the visible spectrum than said first-mentioned grains and a color former capable of coupling to form a difierent dye image than said first-mentioned color former.
- a mixed grain photographic emulsion comprising a gelatin layer having dispersed therein particles of insoluble salt of alginic acid containing red-sensitive silver halide grains and color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to produce a cyan dye, and separate particles of insoluble salt of algin containing greensensitive silver halide grains and color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a magenta dye.
- the method of forming a mixed grain photographic emulsion which comprises dispersing in a gelatino-silver halide emulsion sensitized to a region of the visible spectrum, a color former cap-able of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye image, mixing said emulsion with a water-soluble salt of a polymeric S-carbonatom aldehyde carboxylic acid to form a mixture, and dispersing said mixture in gelatin containing a water-soluble metal salt capable of forming a water-insoluble metal salt of said carboxylic acid, dispersing in at least one other gelatino-silver halide emulsion sensitized to a difierent region of the visible spectrum, a color former capable of coupling with the oxidation product of a primary aromatic amino developing agent to form a dye image difierent from said first-mentioned dye image, mixing said other emulsion with a second portion of water-soluble salt of polymeric
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR961836D FR961836A (en(2012)) | 1946-12-11 | ||
| BE477572D BE477572A (en(2012)) | 1946-12-11 | ||
| US715605A US2548526A (en) | 1946-12-11 | 1946-12-11 | Mixed grain photographic emulsions |
| GB30530/47A GB637030A (en) | 1946-12-11 | 1947-11-18 | Improvements in sensitive photographic elements for colour photography and in methods of forming mixed grain photographic emulsions |
| DEE2174A DE857736C (de) | 1946-12-11 | 1950-09-22 | Photographische Mischkorn-Emulsionen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US715605A US2548526A (en) | 1946-12-11 | 1946-12-11 | Mixed grain photographic emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2548526A true US2548526A (en) | 1951-04-10 |
Family
ID=24874743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US715605A Expired - Lifetime US2548526A (en) | 1946-12-11 | 1946-12-11 | Mixed grain photographic emulsions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2548526A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE477572A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE857736C (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR961836A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB637030A (en(2012)) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698794A (en) * | 1950-04-15 | 1955-01-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Mixed packet photographic emulsions |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE528163A (en(2012)) * | 1953-04-17 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2168182A (en) * | 1936-12-09 | 1939-08-01 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Photographic material for color photography |
| US2186730A (en) * | 1936-05-08 | 1940-01-09 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Multicolor photography |
| GB541511A (en) * | 1940-04-15 | 1941-11-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in photographic light sensitive materials |
| GB541514A (en) * | 1940-06-06 | 1941-11-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in photographic light sensitive materials |
| US2284877A (en) * | 1940-06-03 | 1942-06-02 | Eastman Kodak Co | Light sensitive color element |
-
0
- FR FR961836D patent/FR961836A/fr not_active Expired
- BE BE477572D patent/BE477572A/xx unknown
-
1946
- 1946-12-11 US US715605A patent/US2548526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1947
- 1947-11-18 GB GB30530/47A patent/GB637030A/en not_active Expired
-
1950
- 1950-09-22 DE DEE2174A patent/DE857736C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2186730A (en) * | 1936-05-08 | 1940-01-09 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Multicolor photography |
| US2168182A (en) * | 1936-12-09 | 1939-08-01 | Agfa Ansco Corp | Photographic material for color photography |
| GB541511A (en) * | 1940-04-15 | 1941-11-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in photographic light sensitive materials |
| US2284877A (en) * | 1940-06-03 | 1942-06-02 | Eastman Kodak Co | Light sensitive color element |
| GB541514A (en) * | 1940-06-06 | 1941-11-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in photographic light sensitive materials |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698794A (en) * | 1950-04-15 | 1955-01-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Mixed packet photographic emulsions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE857736C (de) | 1952-12-01 |
| FR961836A (en(2012)) | 1950-05-23 |
| BE477572A (en(2012)) | |
| GB637030A (en) | 1950-05-10 |
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