US2543689A - Process for the separation of solids of different specific gravity and grain size - Google Patents

Process for the separation of solids of different specific gravity and grain size Download PDF

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Publication number
US2543689A
US2543689A US664320A US66432046A US2543689A US 2543689 A US2543689 A US 2543689A US 664320 A US664320 A US 664320A US 66432046 A US66432046 A US 66432046A US 2543689 A US2543689 A US 2543689A
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United States
Prior art keywords
specific gravity
particles
separation
cyclone
grain size
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Expired - Lifetime
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US664320A
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English (en)
Inventor
Krijgsman Centinus
Jan N J Leeman
Antje G Driessen
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Directie van de Staatsmijnen in Limburg
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Directie van de Staatsmijnen in Limburg
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
    • B03B5/34—Applications of hydrocyclones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/005—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for coal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new and improved process for separating solid materials of diflerent specific gravity and dverent grain size into fractions.
  • the dimcuity of this process is that the resultant force which acts on the particles and which in the separating vessel determines the path of a particle having a specific gravity differing only little from the specific gravity of the separating fluid, is very small. This force is also very small for very small particles of higher specific gravity (which must sink), because the resistance against motion increases as the ratio 01' area to volume.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically in axial section a form of cyclone such as shown in said Driessen article
  • Figures 2 to 6 are graphs illustrating characteristics of separating actions.
  • the cyclone ill is here shown, Figure 1, as disposed on a vertical axis. It includes a shallow top cylindrical portion II and a lower conical portion l2. Portion I I has a top central opening i3, and debouching into this portion at It is a tangential delivery conduit Ii. Portion I! has an apex opening it restricted by means such as shown in Figure 18 or said Driessen article.
  • the fraction which is discharged at the apex contains the larger particles, whereas the fraction leaving the cyclone at the opposite end contains only the smaller particles because the specific gravity 01' all particles is the same.
  • a gas containing fiy-ashes consisting or dverent specific gravity and different grain size is cleaned by means or a cyclone, there is found in the dust caught at the apex besides particles of higher specific gravity, larger particles of lower specific gravity, whereas the cleaned gas, leaving the cyclone at the opposite end, contains besides the particles, also very small particles 01 higher specific gravity.
  • the present invention enables the characteristic performance of a cyclone to be changed in such a way that it becomes possible to separate from a mixture oi solid materials of different specific gravity and different grain size a fraction consisting only of particles below or above a certain specific gravity (the specific gravity of separation).
  • the mixture to be separated is treated in a cyclone with so much fine material of a specific gravity higher than the specific gravity of separation, that the fraction leaving the cyclone at the apex contains practically no particles of a lower specific gravity than the specific gravity of separation.
  • the fraction leaving the cyclone opposite the apex now contains besides the particles of a specific gravity below the specific gravity of separation. a small part of the particles of a. higher specific gravity than the specific gravity of separation. However, these are only the very small particles. According to the invention and the method described above, it is possible to obtain with the help of the cyclone besides fractions of a specific gravity above the specific gravity of separation, those fractions having a specific gravity below the specific gravity of separation.
  • Curve ABC shows the normal characteristic performance of the cyclone.
  • the area 20 represents the fraction which is discharged at the apex of the cyclone containing only particles above the specific gravity of separation.
  • the fraction discharged the cyclone at the opposite end is represented by the curve DBCFA.
  • Raw fine coal 0-15 mm. to which loess is added in the proportion 1 part of loess to 2 parts of coal is treated with water in a cyclone having a maximum inner dia. of 200 mm. and a maximum height of 470 mm.
  • the lighter fraction, leaving the cyclone opposite the apex is screened on mm. and shows the following analysis:
  • the continuous method of separating solid particles of different specific gravity and particle size comprising feeding under pressure tangentially into one end portion or a confined circular space a suspension in a liquid of a mass of such particles to move in a cyclonic vortex witho in the circular space wherein centrifugal forces will be substantially in excess of gravitatienal forces, a portion of the mass of particles being of substantially finer size than the remainder of the particles and of a specific gravity higher than c.
  • predetermined specific gravity of separation discharging liquid and separated particles under pressure created by said feed from two outlets coaxial of the circular space, one of the outlets opening directly from the end portion of the space which is adjacent the point of inieed while the second outlet is located at the non-infeed end of the circular space, saidportion of substantially finer particles being supplied in such quantity and the discharge from the second outlet being so restricted that a concentration of the substantially finer and higher specific gravity particles will be created and maintained in a zone adjacent the second outlet oi.
  • the method of separating solid particles of diiferent specific gravity into fractions comprising mixing the particles to be separated with a liquid and particles of a size substantially finer than, and of a material foreign to, the bulk of the particles to be separated and having a specific gravity higher than a predetermined specific gravity of separation, feeding under pressure the resultant suspension tangentially into one end portion of a confined circular space to move in a cyclonic vortex within the circular space wherein centrifugal forces will be substantially in excess of gravitational forces, discharging liquid and separated particles under pressure created by said feed from two outlets coaxial of the circular space, one oi the outlets opening directly from the end portion of the space which is adjacent the point of infeed while the second outlet 'is located at the non-infeed end of the circular space.
  • said portion of substantially finer particles being added in such quantity and the discharge from the second outlet being so restricted that a concentration of the substantially finer and higher specific gravity particles will be created and maintained in a zone adJacent the second outlet of the circular space to obstruct discharge of the particles of a specific gravity lower than said specific gravity of separation from the second discharge outlet so that the fraction discharged from said first discharge outlet will contain substantially all particles or a specific gravity lower than said specific gravity or separation and the fraction discharged at the second discharge outlet will contain substantially only particles of a specific gravity higher than said specific gravity of separation.

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US664320A 1942-07-21 1946-04-23 Process for the separation of solids of different specific gravity and grain size Expired - Lifetime US2543689A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL601063X 1942-07-21

Publications (1)

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US2543689A true US2543689A (en) 1951-02-27

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US (1) US2543689A (xx)
CH (1) CH271303A (xx)
DE (1) DE870981C (xx)
FR (1) FR925151A (xx)
GB (1) GB601063A (xx)
LU (1) LU28225A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL58482C (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692677A (en) * 1951-02-09 1954-10-26 Dorr Co Process for classifying magnetized or magnetizable solids
US2693878A (en) * 1951-10-30 1954-11-09 Stamicarbon Method of producing a separating suspension
US2696299A (en) * 1949-09-20 1954-12-07 Stamicarbon Continuous process for the separation of mixtures of solid particles into two fractions
US2726766A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-12-13 Rakowsky Victor Separation of solids mixtures
US2726765A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-12-13 Rakowsky Victor Density separation-method and apparatus
US2743815A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-05-01 Centrijig Corp Continuous centrifugal jig separator
US2767624A (en) * 1950-07-30 1956-10-23 Dorries A G Vorm Maschinenfabr Tubular hydroextractor for the purifying of suspensions, especially suspensions containing fibrous material
US2793748A (en) * 1951-04-24 1957-05-28 Stamicarbon Method of separation employing truncated cyclone
US2804206A (en) * 1954-06-03 1957-08-27 Prep Ind Combustibles Process for separating by size and specific gravity solid materials in suspension in a fluid
US2829771A (en) * 1953-01-06 1958-04-08 Dorr Oliver Inc Process and apparatus for classifying solid materials in a hydrocyclone
US2958420A (en) * 1957-05-27 1960-11-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocyclone and process
US3759385A (en) * 1969-06-18 1973-09-18 Cribla Sa Method and apparatus for separating mixtures of fine grain materials
US4280718A (en) * 1975-03-24 1981-07-28 Henkel Corporation Pressure sensitive recording sheet containing size classified cereal starch granules

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE474832A (xx) * 1946-12-09
DE927201C (de) * 1948-03-23 1955-05-02 Stamicarbon Trennung von Stoffgemischen in einem Zyklon
DE972047C (de) * 1954-06-30 1959-05-14 Bataafsche Petroleum Verfahren zur Trennung von Gemischen fester Teilchen unterschiedlicher Porositaet

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1149463A (en) * 1913-05-02 1915-08-10 Frank Pardee Apparatus for separating coal, ore, &c.
US1197946A (en) * 1913-05-02 1916-09-12 Frank Pardee Apparatus for separating coal, ore, &c.
US1392401A (en) * 1918-07-08 1921-10-04 Henry M Chance Method and apparatus for classifying materials
US1629182A (en) * 1923-02-21 1927-05-17 Stull Process Company Whirlpool classifier and classifying process
US2052004A (en) * 1931-06-19 1936-08-25 Hydrotator Company Process of separating mixed materials
US2104537A (en) * 1937-02-12 1938-01-04 Ellis Russell Scott Method of and means for separating particles of solid material by flotation
US2287115A (en) * 1940-03-14 1942-06-23 Sibley B Mccluskey Process of concentrating ores
US2364799A (en) * 1941-03-24 1944-12-12 Du Pont Concentration of slurries

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1149463A (en) * 1913-05-02 1915-08-10 Frank Pardee Apparatus for separating coal, ore, &c.
US1197946A (en) * 1913-05-02 1916-09-12 Frank Pardee Apparatus for separating coal, ore, &c.
US1392401A (en) * 1918-07-08 1921-10-04 Henry M Chance Method and apparatus for classifying materials
US1629182A (en) * 1923-02-21 1927-05-17 Stull Process Company Whirlpool classifier and classifying process
US2052004A (en) * 1931-06-19 1936-08-25 Hydrotator Company Process of separating mixed materials
US2104537A (en) * 1937-02-12 1938-01-04 Ellis Russell Scott Method of and means for separating particles of solid material by flotation
US2287115A (en) * 1940-03-14 1942-06-23 Sibley B Mccluskey Process of concentrating ores
US2364799A (en) * 1941-03-24 1944-12-12 Du Pont Concentration of slurries

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2696299A (en) * 1949-09-20 1954-12-07 Stamicarbon Continuous process for the separation of mixtures of solid particles into two fractions
US2767624A (en) * 1950-07-30 1956-10-23 Dorries A G Vorm Maschinenfabr Tubular hydroextractor for the purifying of suspensions, especially suspensions containing fibrous material
US2692677A (en) * 1951-02-09 1954-10-26 Dorr Co Process for classifying magnetized or magnetizable solids
US2793748A (en) * 1951-04-24 1957-05-28 Stamicarbon Method of separation employing truncated cyclone
US2726766A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-12-13 Rakowsky Victor Separation of solids mixtures
US2726765A (en) * 1951-08-14 1955-12-13 Rakowsky Victor Density separation-method and apparatus
US2693878A (en) * 1951-10-30 1954-11-09 Stamicarbon Method of producing a separating suspension
US2743815A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-05-01 Centrijig Corp Continuous centrifugal jig separator
US2829771A (en) * 1953-01-06 1958-04-08 Dorr Oliver Inc Process and apparatus for classifying solid materials in a hydrocyclone
US2804206A (en) * 1954-06-03 1957-08-27 Prep Ind Combustibles Process for separating by size and specific gravity solid materials in suspension in a fluid
US2958420A (en) * 1957-05-27 1960-11-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocyclone and process
US3759385A (en) * 1969-06-18 1973-09-18 Cribla Sa Method and apparatus for separating mixtures of fine grain materials
US4280718A (en) * 1975-03-24 1981-07-28 Henkel Corporation Pressure sensitive recording sheet containing size classified cereal starch granules

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE870981C (de) 1953-03-19
FR925151A (fr) 1947-08-27
GB601063A (en) 1948-04-27
LU28225A1 (xx)
CH271303A (de) 1950-10-31
NL58482C (xx) 1900-01-01

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