US2539314A - Nozzle - Google Patents

Description

T. W. MURPHY Jan. 23, ,1951

NOZZLE Filed bei] 2s, 1944 y Y Patented Jan. 23, )1951 'UNITED STATES OFFICE y NOZZILE` Thomas Mur-phy, Narberth, fPa., assigner .to

V'Monarch Manatacturing orks, inc., .Einsiedelv unghia, Ba., acorporationof Delaware Application ALctcber 28, 1944, Serial `N 0. 560,748 2 Claims.. (Cl.4 2v99-.114,)

This invention relates to 'spray or atomi-zing 4nozzles to he for 'the dispersion :of ,liquids rior wariousmurnoses though the invention is ypar- -tcularly applicable to the a'tomizationof fuel foil for oil burners.r

:I-Iferetofore, :nozzles ,for the zsprayingor atom-ization of liquids. by the use of elastic duids .have :usually involved the breaking up of :the liquid by the elastic ,duid within the bod-y of the nozzle itself. A:Under such conditions it will be evident of large drops which, in ythe case of a furnace,-y

,may result in liquid striking a back wall thereof where carbonization and building up of carbon will result. In other nozzles jets of elastic uid may breakup 'liquid externally of 'the nozzle but these have not lbeen completely satisfactory for various reasons.

In accordance with the `present invention there is provided a spray or atomizing nozzle in which the dispersion may be 4eiected by the action of elastic iiuid'supplied `under hirgh 'pressure Without the necessity for imposing any corresponding pressure upon the liquid to be dispersed. In brief, this is accomplished by setting up exteriorly to `the nozzle `a swirling jet ci elastic fluid creating a 'region wherein low `pressure exists so that the liquid is drawn thereinto by ciector action and then 'is picked up by elastic fluid 1and mixed therewith and dispersed by icontact. The 'pressure existing in the region Where the ejection occurs may 'be substantially fsu'b- .atmospheric to :the end that not :only may :added reassure on' the liquid be avoided vbut the vliquid .may he raised b y suction from .a supply below .level of atomization.

h specific,hjectsparticularly related to detail will become .apparent ,from the followiption read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which.:

Figure 1 is an axial section through'a ,pre-

yJerredform vof nozzle constructed .in accordance with `the invention;

l@Figure ,2 is a transverse section taken inside .the

conicalsurface of .a .cap member and showing inv 4,oarticuler various ela-Stic fluid passages;

regoiug general object of :the invention 52 Rieu-re 3 .is a section Ataken ion the plane :findi- .catedat inigure 1.;

'e is :an axial section taken through a vifi-acdi"fled:formof nozzles also 4embodying the "prin- `-ci p1es..a'f the invention; .and

Fig-.ure 5 fa ltrefusa/ferse section fon'the #plane indicated :at-5 5 in Figure d.

Referring first -t-o 4the :modificati-on shown .in

.Figur-es 1 2 and 3, ,the nozzle comprises 'a mainhody 2 provided with lan annular groove'l sur,- .rounded Joy a metallic ring '5 havingthreaded ini-etanol outlet openings n for the entrance :and `exi-t of heated froid, -for example, steam. If vthe .ringe is welded, as indicated, to the nozzle body, the arrangement provides a jacket fzor the heating of the nozzle and the liquid which is being fed therethrough. This is particularly :desirable theliquid is of a highly viscous material as in the case A.of-.heavy fuel oils. As will be evident hereafter, Vtlre .nozzle is adapted .not only for the of liuel oils but for .any other liquids .or mixtures :of liquids and solids lin the form .of sludges which it may be desired todisperse.

The liquid enters the body of the nozzle at '8 .and approaches-the dispensing elements through central passage l0..

The nozzle .proper comprises'an inner member f2 provi-ded with a central bore I4 having tangentially arranged kopenings therein communicating with the passage iB and adapted to be closed to .the desired extent for control :of the liquid ovv .by ,means of needle val-ve .t6 of conventional construction adapted to be moved .axially by reason `oi" its threaded mounting when rotated. .A clearance space 2E about the :shank of the member Vi2 permits .the entrance of the liquid into the openings 5,8. Their tangential arranaement irnparjts some degree of rotation to the .liquid in its new through .the .passage 14. T he lpassage I4, it will he noted. has an unrestricted exit as illustrated at lthe left of Figure .1.

'The elastic duid used for the dispersion, which .may he air or other ,gas under high I.pressure or steam under'h'ig'h pressure, enters atzandpasses through' a connection '2li to an annular passage 2,6 with which communicate openings Z3 extending to annular groove 30 'in lthe conical face of the member lf2. A ridge .34 'located .inwardly of the .groove .3B has a series of grooves or slots Y:i2 cut .tanaentially therein and communicating With `an ,annular Vgroove 3.6 which, in turn, commun-icatee with an .annular space 3S in the central portion of a .cap member e9.. The tubular Aextension 4.2 of the passageway I4 has a-slight clearanceas indicated at la with the edges of a central opening in the cap member through which it-extends.

A group of openings 44 furnish communication between space 38 and the passageway I4.

In the operation of the nozzle the elastic fluid supplied at 22 under pressure enters the annular groove 30 and from it the slots 32, emerging in the form of a series of high velocity jets into the annular spaces 33 and 38. Accordingly, in these spaces a high rotational velocity is set up and the swirling elastic fluid emerges with the velocities thus produced while passing through the clearance 40 over the edge of extension 42 where iinal expansion to the surrounding atmospheric pressure occurs. As the elastic fluid thus emerges about the tubular extension 42 a low pressure region is created in the outlet of the passageway I4 giving rise to an effective ejector action, drawing from the passageway I4 the liquid which might be under atmospheric or subatmospheric pressure though, of course, some pressure may be imposed thereon, though generally speaking such pressure is desirably not high to avoid any possibility that drops may emerge without being dispersed. At any rate, the liquid ejected from the passageway I4 meets the high Velocity elastic uid and is almost immediately picked up by it and dispersed in the form of a very fine spray. Because of the vacuum produced in the center of the annular rotary jet issuing at 40, the rotatio-n is maintained for some distance beyond the extension 42. This rotation added to that (described below) already existing in the mixture of elastic fluid and liquid which is emerging from 40 causes the liquid droplets to move outwardly centrifugally to be entrained by the elastic fluid thus providing the spray.

To render even more effective the atomization of the liquid the openings 44 are provided to permit a small portion of the elastic fluid to enter the passageway I4 at its outer end. While the elastic iiuid as it enters may be at elevated pressure the entry occurs very close to the end of the passageway which is under a partial vacuum due to the ejector action, so that, as a matter of fact, no back pressure is set up upon the liquid in the passageway I4. The elastic fluid as it enters the liquid through the openings 44 will expand to the low pressure existing thereat and in doing so will effect primary atomization of the liquid so that the droplets of the liquid reaching the main jet of the fluid will already be very ne. The rate of feed of the liquid is, of course, under the control 'of the needle valve I5, adjustment of which will control concentration and to some extent the shape of the final dispersion. It will be evident that the arrangement precludes any possibility that the liquid may be projected from the passageway i4 without dispersion inasmuch as the pressure on the liquid in the passageway need be at most only slightly above atmospheric pressure and generally will be less than atmospheric pressure. Preferably, the liquid will not fiow at all except due to the ejecting action of the elastic fiuid jet.

The same general principles may be embodied in Various typ-es ofnozzles of which avery simple form is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, Suitable, for example, for oil burning where a minimum complexity of structure is desired. According to the modication, a block 46 is provided with a threaded transverse bore in which are located the members 48 and 513. The latter is provided with a central passageway 54 extending through a tubular extension 56, liquid being fed to the 4 passageway through the entrance 52. The elastic fluid enters at 58 and passes through an oiTset or tangential opening 60 into a swirl chamber 52 provided between the members 48 and 5I] and extending into the member 48 as will be evident from the drawing. The member 48 is provided with a central opening through which the tube 5B projects with slight clearance as indicated at 64. A series of openings 66 serves to provide communication between the swirl chamber and the bore 54.

It will be evident that the operation of this nozzle is substantially identical with that previously described, a swirling action in chamber 62 being set up by the passage of relastic fluid through the tangential opening B0, the uid emerging in the form of an annular high velocity jet through the clearance space S4 and exerting, as it leaves, an ejector action on liquid which may be partially dispersed through the action of elastic fluid entering it at 66.

v.[t will be evident that numerous variations of the invention will be made without departing from the principles thereof as defined in the following claims.

What I claim and desire to protect by'Letters Patent is:

l. A nozzle comprising means providing a passageway for liquid, said passageway having an open end, means for delivering liquid transversely tangentially to said passageway, means located adjacent to the open end of said passageway providing a swirl chamber annularly arranged with respect to said passageway and pro-- viding an annular passage extending from said swirl chamber toward the open end of said passageway, and beyond which said passageway extends, means for directing elastic fluid tangentially inwardly into said swirl chamber to set up a high speed of rotation of elastic iluid therein, issue of an annular jet from said annular passage with the creation of Vsuction at the open of the passageway to suck liquid from said passageway to be atomized in the jet, means providing communication between said swirl chamber and said passageway adjacent to said swirl chamber to admit elastic iiuid into the passageway to aid in dispersing the liquid into the jet, said passage way having a constant diameter between the open end thereof and said communication providing means, and means for controlling the fio-w oi liquid through said passageway.

2. A nozzle comprising an inner member having a conical end surface, having tangntially arranged grooves in said conical end surface, and having an axial passageway for liquid extending outwardly beyond said conical surface in the form of a tubular extension having an open end, means for delivering liquid to said passag-eway, a cap member arranged to surround said inner member and provided with a central opening and a conical seating surface surrounding said opening, the conical end Surface of said inner member engaging the conical seating surface of said .cap member, said inner member tubular extension extendingy through and beyond said central opening providing an annular passage of limited clearance between said tubular extension and said cap member, and means for delivering elastic fluid to said tangentially arranged grooves, said grooves defining passages for elastic iiuid causing it t0 flow at high velocity to the central said clearance about the tubular extension as a jet creating a suction upon liquid in the passageway to suck liquid from said passageway to be atomized in the jet, said tubular extension being vprovided with at least one opening inwardly of its open end to receive elastic fluid to aid in REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file'of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 391,865 Schutte Oct. 30, 1888 622,245 Luttrell Apr. 4, 1899 Breckenridge May 4, 1909 Number 6 Name Date Nicholson July4, 1916 Eckart Sept. 9, 1919 Binks Oct. 24, 1922 Crane May 22, 1923 Bliss July 24, 1923 Adolphsen Dec. 25, 1923 Kutis Nov. 3, 1925 Hannah Dec. 1, 1925 Moore Apr. 20, 1926 Loepsinger July 20, 1926 McKean et al July 20, 1926 Egan Sept. 6, 1927 Mulholland Oct.\25, 1927 Remey Feb. 17, `1931 Ladisch June 23, 1931 Buck Sept. 13, 1932 Neely Aug. 11, 1936

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