US2536093A - Method for spinning artificial filaments - Google Patents

Method for spinning artificial filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US2536093A
US2536093A US750946A US75094647A US2536093A US 2536093 A US2536093 A US 2536093A US 750946 A US750946 A US 750946A US 75094647 A US75094647 A US 75094647A US 2536093 A US2536093 A US 2536093A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bath
filaments
filament
spinning
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US750946A
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English (en)
Inventor
James W Coleman
James W Hall
Howard D Merion
Jr Sanford A Moss
Pedlow John Watson
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Akzo Nobel UK PLC
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American Viscose Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL71391D priority Critical patent/NL71391C/xx
Priority to BE482687D priority patent/BE482687A/xx
Application filed by American Viscose Corp filed Critical American Viscose Corp
Priority to US750946A priority patent/US2536093A/en
Priority to GB13007/48A priority patent/GB661098A/en
Priority to FR966893D priority patent/FR966893A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2536093A publication Critical patent/US2536093A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in methods for spinning artificial filaments. More particularly this invention relates to improvements in methods for spinning artificial filaments wherein filament forming material is extruded into a liquid bath.
  • the filament forming material is extruded into a liquid bath
  • the filament forming material is extruded beneath the surface of the liquid bath and the filaments that are formed are drawn from the liquid bath by a positively driven. roller or other rotary device the peripheral speed of which is a factor in determining the spinning speed. Thereafter the filaments are usually subjected to stretching and liquid treatments.
  • a solution of cellulose xanthate is extruded through a spinneret positioned in a regenerating bath generally comprising dilute sulphuric acid, sodium sulphate and other metal salts such as zinc sulphate and the like.
  • the bath chemically reacts with the viscose solution to form filaments or regenerated cellulose.
  • the chemical reaction takes place while the viscose solution and the filaments being formed are passing through the bath and the bath carried by the filaments after they emerge from the bath continues the reaction.
  • the coagulation of the viscose and regeneration of the cellulose comprising a filament first take place in the outer layer of the filament and proceed inwardly.
  • the filaments are subjected to a positive stretching step by positively-driven rollers or other rotary devices after a suflicient preliminary set up and regeneration of the cellulose has taken place.
  • the filaments after being stretched are further set up, washed, processed and finally dried.
  • This invention has for its principal object to provide improvements in methods for spinning artificial filaments that overcome objections and disadvantages found in the prior art.
  • This invention has for another object to provide improvements in methods for spinning artificial filaments that produce filaments or high quality and uniform physical properties.
  • This invention has for a further object to provide improvements in methods for spinning artificial filaments that produce filaments of high quality, uniform physical properties and improved tensile strength and extensibility.
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view with parts shown in section of a form of apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged elevational view of a portion of a form of apparatus similar to that showninFlsureiandinwhichadirectional Figure 4 is an enlarged view ofa portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 and comprising the spinneret, draw off wheel and means for collecting the used spinning bath.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the face of a spinneret that may be used in practicing this invention.
  • Figure 6 is an elevational view showing diagrammatically the bath currents and flow present in conventional spinning of artificial filaments with so-called horizontal immersion.
  • Figure 7 is an elevational view showing diagrammatically the bath currents and now present in conventional spinning of artificial filaments with so-called vertical immersion.
  • the tensile strength generally measured in grams per denier and the extensibility are also important physical characteristics. I'br certain purposes, such as in crepe yarn, it is desired that k the filaments have a high extensibility while for other purposes, such as tire cord, it is desired that the filaments have a low extensibility ands high tensile strength. For any purpose it is desired that the number obtained by multiplying the tensile strength by the extensibility be high. This number is hereinafter referredto as the quality index.
  • immersion the length of travel of the filaments in the bath (immersion) and the speed at which they are drawn through the bath.
  • immersions are adjusted merely to provide sufficient set up for subsequent stretching and handling of the filaments.
  • Figure 6 of the drawing shows diagrammatically the manner in which the bath is moved and swept along by the filaments with a horizontal immersion of the usual length.
  • Figure 7 illustrates this movement of the bath by the filaments where the filaments are spun vertically with the usual immersion length. Both illustrations indicate the large volume of bath being moved by the filaments and the turbulence of the bath where the filaments emerge from the bath and the back flow of the bath along the filaments to demonstrate the work the tender filaments are called upon to perform while still in a semi-viscose condition.
  • This movement of the bath commences immediately at the point where the individual viscose streams emerge from the race of the spinneret.
  • the rate of drawing the filaments through the spinning bath is increased with the usual immersion length it is found that the stresses imposed on the filaments are increased and at higher speeds the quality and physical characteristics of the filaments are not satisfactory.
  • an immersion length that is, path of the filaments from the face of the spinneret to the surface of the spinning bath of not more than 2" and more particularly of from 1%" to 56".
  • the filaments pass from the spinneret to a positively driven draw on means such as a sodet, roller, thread store device or the like, the peripheral speed of which is a factor that determines the spinning speed.
  • an immersion length of from 1 V to it the filaments smoothly emerge from the spinning bath without turbulence and substantially all of the spinning bath that is withdrawn by the filaments from the bath is carried in a clearly'orm and smooth colunm along with the filaments without any apparent back flow o! the bath along the filaments or dripping oi!
  • the path of the filaments from the spinneret to the draw oif wheel may be direct or with only a directional guide means lightly contasting the filaments and the filaments during this travel are subjected to approximately only the tensile stress caused by their own weight and that of the spinning bath that is carried up with them.
  • the filaments may be in contact with the draw oif means for less than 360 of its periphery or may be wrapped in successive turns to provide storage and thus time for additional regeneration of the partially set up filaments.
  • the filaments then pass to the means for positively stretching the filaments.
  • the stretching means may comprise a godet. roller or thread store device positively driven at a speed higher than the draw oil means or spaced godets.
  • the filaments may be subjected to additional spinning bath or other setting up treatment by passing them through a supplementary bath after they pass over the draw oi! means. or spinning bath or other active setting up materials may be applied on a plurality of turns of the filaments on means a thread stora taper corresponding to a 01 the filaments of the or with this procedure t as device which has a relaxation or shrinkage dot of 3 to 5%.
  • he spinning bath liquid that is carried out or the spinning bath with the filaments does not perceptibly drip ad or flow back along the filaments. but substantially all of the liquid withdrawn by the filaments from the bath remains with the filaments in the form of a uniform column until the filaments contact the directional guide means where one is used or the draw ofi means. to stay on the draw all means to approximately the position where the filaments leave the draw of! meam in passing to the positive stretching means.
  • the spinning bath that is withdrawn from the bath with the filaments nou products such as water.
  • sodium sulphate, sulfur, thionic acids and gaseous products that ordinarily dilute or contaminate the spinning bath and inhibit the initial setting up reaction.
  • the present method of spinning as they are formed.
  • Example 1 150 er. 60 filament 5k immersion 30% stretch 8 through the surface the bath when the immerscinoascare at no: less the: said criticmt. mm a 1 2; an a at 9 Ellen P P i denier per filament, nlament count and spacing m 0! holes in the spinneret face.
  • This amount of immersion may be m 1 0 deni r. 6 filament called the critical immersion. It has been found it" mm n that dyeing properties of the filaments are uni- Stretch form and the other physical properties are not speed 0! w 1 wh m-8 .5 m-lmlnmaterially ailected at any spinning speed it the load on each filament carrying bath in the form is m Hole Spacing w l m n 0! a smooth column from the surface of the 500 2120? 00m spinning bath to the draw on wheel does not Circle! Hole] Minn Column Inch" exceed 0.002 to 0.0025 gram per inch of length but is preferably in the range from 0.00025 to 0.0015 gram per inch of length.
  • n; 1 shown t a critical t, 5 wheel of 112.5 meters per minute with a V4" reached where the immersion length is approxiimmersion but similar beneficial results are obmately 2 inches. Immersion lengths greater than tained at other deniers and higher or lower spinthis are shown to have a marked effect on the hing speeds. extensibility and tensile strength of the filaments.
  • the following 'Ihble VI shows the effect of immersion lengths when spinning 150 denier, 40 filament count using a spinneret with 0.010" hole to hole and 0.010" circle to circle spacing and with the speed oi the draw oi! wheel 97.5 meters per minute. In this case a critical point is reached at approximately V At greater immersion depths the back flow and increased drag of the bath have a deleterious efl'ect on the extensibility and tensile strength or the filaments.
  • Table VII shows the eilect of immersion lengths when spinning denier, 40 filament count using a spinneret with a 0.010" hole to hole and 0.010" circle to circle spacing and with-a draw oil speed of 97.5 meters per minute.
  • the critical point is reached when the immersion length is approximately 34''.
  • reference character I indicates generally a trough containing a spinning bath in which is positioned a spinneret 2 mounted on a suitable rounder 3 or other suitable connection to a source of spinning solution.
  • the rounder passes through the bottom of the spinning trough through a seal which permits the spinneret to be positioned at selected distances below the surface of the spinning bath although other forms of rounder may be used.
  • the filaments that are formed in the spinning bath are drawn upwardly through the bath to the positively driven draw oi! wheel I which is rotating in the direction shown by the arrow and remain in contact therewith for at least a portion of its periphery.
  • the filaments lightly contact the directional guide means 5 positioned above the spinneret and between the surface of the bath and the draw ofl' wheel.
  • the guide means may be either rotatable or stationary and is inclined with respect to the horizontal so that any liquid removed from the filaments by the guide means will run along the guide means and away from the path of the filaments and may be collected.
  • the speed of the wheel is a measure of the final spinning speed. As shown the spinneret is positioned relatively close to the surface of the spinning bath so that the immersion length is short, not more than two inches and preferably between 1%" and /8.
  • the draw 01! wheel may be rotated at normal peripheral speeds around 40 to 60 meters per minute as well as speeds greatly in excem thereof such as speeds of the order of 120 to 160 meters and more per minute.
  • the filaments emerge from the bath without any turbulence at the surface of the bath and substantially all of the liquid withdrawn from the bath by the filaments is carried upwardly by the filaments without drip or back flow.
  • the filaments pass from the draw of! wheel to the positive stretching means which, as shown, comprises the positively driven godets B and Ill, the godet it being driven at a higher speed than the godet t.
  • the trough member I is provided. While the draw ofi wheel l may be slightly fluted in order to draw the filaments upwardly, the filaments are free to shrink in passing from the, spinneret to the godet 8 either on the draw of!
  • the wheel may be tapered, with the filaments passing over the wheel a plurality of times from the larger end toward the smaller end.
  • the godet may be driven at slightly lower speed than the draw of! wheel 4.
  • the parts and their arrangement are substantially the same as in the apparatus shown in Figure 1 except that the filament directional guiding means I is between the surface of the bath and the draw on wheel and laterally spaced from the spinneret.
  • the guide means may be either rotatable or stationary and may be inclined with respect to the horizontal so that any liquid removed from the filaments by the guide means will run along the guide means and away from the path of the filaments and may be collected.
  • the path of the filaments through the spinning bath from the spinneret it which is the same as the spinneret 2 shown in Figure l is short. not more than 2" and preferably from Y to 1%". Liquid is withdrawn from the bath and carried by the filaments without drip or back flow along the filaments.
  • reference character it indicates generally a trough containing a.v
  • the spinning bath in which is positioned a spinneret I! mounted on a suitable rounder It or other suitable connection to a source of spinning solution.
  • the rounder passes through the bottom of the spinning trough through a seal which permits the spinneret to be positioned at selected distances below the surface of the spinning bath although other forms of rounder may be used.
  • the filaments that are formed in the spinning bath are drawn directly upwardly without the use of guides or the like to the positively driven draw oil wheel 24 which is rotating in the direction shown by the arrow and remain in contact therewith for at least a portion of its periphery.
  • the distance between the bath surface and the point of contact of the filaments with the wheel indicated by reference character H in Figure 4 of the drawing may be from 6 to 30 inches but is preferably in the range of 12 to 18 inches.
  • the speed of the wheel is a measure of the final spinning speed. As shown the spinneret is positioned relatively close to the surface of the spinning bath so that the immersion length is short. not more than two inches and preferably between 1 and V
  • the draw oil wheel may be rotated at normal peripheral speeds around to meters per minute as well as speeds greatly in excess thereof such as speeds of the order of to meters and more per minute.
  • the filaments emerge from the bath without any turbulence at the surface of the bath and substantially all of the liquid withdrawn from the bath by the filaments is carried upwardly by the filaments without drip or back flow until the filaments contact the draw of! wheel at the position shown by reference character It.
  • the spinning bath tends to remain with the filaments on the draw of! wheel until the point where the filaments leave the draw of! wheel shown by reference character it.
  • the liquid is thrown off the wheel by centrifugal force at substantially this point and is collected in the trough-like membcr ii that surrounds a portion of the bottom of the wheel and the side opposite the side to which the filaments are directed from the bath.
  • the spinning bath collected in the trough il maybesentbythepipefl toabathreclaim or may be discharged as waste.
  • the filaments pass from the draw oil wheel to the positive stretching means which, as shown, comprises the positively driven godets II and II. the godet 2
  • the trough member I! is provided. While the draw ofi wheel 24 may be slightly fluted in order to draw the filaments upwardly, the filaments are free to shrink in assing from the spinneretto the godet I! either on the draw oil wheel and/or after leaving the wheel.
  • the wheel may be tapered. with the filaments passing over the wheel a plurality of times from the larger end toward the smaller end.
  • the godet is may be driven at slightly lower speed than the draw oi! wheel 24.
  • the filaments emerge from the spinning bath and move directly to the draw oii wheel.
  • path of the filaments may be vertical or inclined to the vertical so long as the path of the filaments from the spinneret to the draw oi! wheel is direct. straight and free and guide means are not used.
  • Figure 5 of the drawing is shown a plan view of the face of the spinneret that is found useful in the practice of this invention.
  • the holes are grouped close to the center of the spinneret with the distances between the holes in the same circle shown by reference character A and that between holes in adjacent circles shown by reference character B kept to the minimum allowed in the manufacture of the spinneret. It is found in actual practice that preferred results are obtained where these dimensions are of the order of 0.005 to 0.015 inch.
  • this invention comprises spinning artificial filaments by extruding filament forming material into a liquid bath and drawing the filaments from the bath to a draw of! means with substantially no tension on the filaments.
  • the invention is practiced with an immersion length, speed of the draw oif means. distance of draw ofi means to the surface of the spinning bath and spacing of the holes in the spinneret such that spinning bath is carried by the ills.- ments out of the bath with substantially no appreciable back fiow along the filaments or drip oi the bath from the filament after they have emerged from the bath.
  • the immersion depth, speed of draw of! and spacing of holes in the spinneret be such that the load of spinning bath carried by each filament alter leaving the spinning bath does not exceed from 0.002 to 0.0025 gram per inch of length per filament between the point of contact oi the filaments with the draw oil wheel and the surface oi the spinning bath and is preferably between 0.00025 and 0.0015 gram per inch of length per filament.
  • viscose regenerated cellulose filaments may be spun in a spinning bath at a temperature up to '15 C. and above. In the short period the filaments are in the hot bath the hot bath does not have a harmful efi'ect on the filaments.
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprising continuously extruding streams of filament-forming material with the centers of adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into a liquid coagulating bath wherein the streams of filament-forming material produce by-products in their vicinity as they are coagulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulatcd upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulating bath a distance up to two inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing lay-products from the coagulating bath as they are produced, by forming by-products containing coagulating liquid of the bath in the vicinity of the traveling filaments into a smooth continuous column of liquid weighing up to 0.0025 gram per inch per filament flowing entirely under conditions of viscous flow from the surface of the bath with and around the filament bundle to said position above the bath, removing by-products containing liquid from the filament bundle at said position above the bath, collecting the liquid as it is removed from the filament bundle, directing the removed liquid away from
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprisin continuously extruding streams of filament-forming material with the centers of adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into a liquid coagulating bath wherein the streams of filament-forming material produce lay-products in their vicinity as they are coagulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulated upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulating bath a distance up to two inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing by-products from the coagulating bath as they are produced, by forming by-products containing coagulating liquid of the bath in the vicinity of the traveling filaments into a smooth continuous column of liquid weighing up to 0.0025 gram per inch per filament flowing entireiy under conditions of viscous fiow from the surface of the bath with and around the filament bundle to said position above the bath, removing by-products containing liquid from the filament bundle at said position above the bath by centrifugal force, collecting the liquid as it is removed from the filament bundle, directing
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprising continuously extruding stream oi viscose with the centers of the adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into a dilute acid coagulating bath wherein the streams of viscose produce reaction products in their vicinity as they are coagulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulated upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulating bath a distance of from V; to 1 inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing reaction products from the coagulating bath as they are produced, by forming reaction products containing coagulating liquid 01' the bath in the vicinty of the traveling filaments into a smooth continuous column of liquid weighing from 0.00025 to 0.0015 gram per inch per filament flowing entirely under conditions of viscous flow from the surface of the bath with and around the filament bundle to said position above the bath, removing reaction products containing liquid from the filament bundle at said position above the bath by centrifugal force, collecting the liquid as it is removed from the
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprising continuously extruding streams of viscose with the centers of adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into an acid coagulating bath wherein the streams of produce reaction products in their vicinity as they are coagulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulated upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulating bath a distance up to 2 inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing reaction products from the coagulating bath as they are produced, by forming reaction products containing coagulating liquid of the bath in the vicinity oi the traveling filaments into a smooth continuous column of liquid weighing up to 0.0025 gram per inch per filament flowing entirely under conditions of viscous flow from the surface of the bath with and around the filament handle to said position above the bath, and remo ing reaction products containing liquid from the filament bundle at said position above the bath.
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprising continuously extruding streams of viscose with the centers of adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into an acid coagulating bath wherein the streams of viscose produce reaction products in their vicinity as they are coasulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulated upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulating bath a distance of from to 1% inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing reaction products from the coagulating bath as they are produced, by forming reaction products containing coagulating liquid of the bath in the vicinity of the travcling filaments into a smooth continuous column oi liquid weighing up to 0.0025 gram per inch per filament flowing entirely under conditions of viscous fiow from the surface of the bath when and around the filament bundle to said position above the bath, and removing reaction products containing liquid from the filament bundle at said position above the bath.
  • the method of producing artificial filaments comprising continuously extruding streams oi viscose with the centers of adjacent streams spaced between 0.005 and 0.015 inch apart into a coagulating bath wherein the streams of viscose produce reaction products in their vicinity as they are coa'gulated to form a bundle of filaments, drawing the filaments as they are coagulated upwardly in a straight free path through the coagulatin bath a distance of from 56 to 1% inches and then through space to a position above the bath, removing reaction agulating bath as they are produced, by forming reaction products containing coagulating liquid of the bath in the vicinity of the traveling filaments into a smooth continuous column of liquid weighing from 0.00025 to 0.0015 gram per inch per filament flowing entirely under conditions of viscous fiow from the surface of the bath with and around the filament bundle to said position above the bath, and removing reaction products containing liquid from position above the bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US750946A 1947-05-28 1947-05-28 Method for spinning artificial filaments Expired - Lifetime US2536093A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL71391D NL71391C (fr) 1947-05-28
BE482687D BE482687A (fr) 1947-05-28
US750946A US2536093A (en) 1947-05-28 1947-05-28 Method for spinning artificial filaments
GB13007/48A GB661098A (en) 1947-05-28 1948-05-12 Method and apparatus for wet spinning artificial filaments
FR966893D FR966893A (fr) 1947-05-28 1948-05-27 Procédé et appareil pour le filage de filaments artificiels

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US750946A US2536093A (en) 1947-05-28 1947-05-28 Method for spinning artificial filaments

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US2536093A true US2536093A (en) 1951-01-02

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US750946A Expired - Lifetime US2536093A (en) 1947-05-28 1947-05-28 Method for spinning artificial filaments

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US (1) US2536093A (fr)
BE (1) BE482687A (fr)
FR (1) FR966893A (fr)
GB (1) GB661098A (fr)
NL (1) NL71391C (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2775505A (en) * 1952-06-05 1956-12-25 American Viscose Corp Spinning regenerated cellulose filaments
US2799895A (en) * 1951-11-17 1957-07-23 American Enka Corp Spinning apparatus
US2818606A (en) * 1952-10-27 1958-01-07 Glastic Corp Manufacture of articles from thermosetting materials
US2852808A (en) * 1953-10-05 1958-09-23 British Celanese Apparatus for manufacture or treatment of artificial filamentary materials
US2895790A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-07-21 British Celanese Production and treatment of artificial filamentary materials
US2911674A (en) * 1953-09-02 1959-11-10 British Celanese Wet spinning apparatus including filament wiping means
US2980493A (en) * 1959-07-07 1961-04-18 American Viscose Corp Method of operating a tow machine
US3058151A (en) * 1956-09-26 1962-10-16 Onderzoekings Inst Res Cellulose film treating system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2788256A (en) * 1952-06-02 1957-04-09 American Viscose Corp Method of spinning filamentary strands

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1683200A (en) * 1925-06-20 1928-09-04 Lilienfeld Leon Artificial material and process for making same
US2229092A (en) * 1939-09-27 1941-01-21 Ind Rayon Corp Method of and apparatus for manufacturing thread or the like
US2341555A (en) * 1939-01-05 1944-02-15 Baker & Co Inc Extrusion device
US2465408A (en) * 1944-02-15 1949-03-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning artificial fibers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1683200A (en) * 1925-06-20 1928-09-04 Lilienfeld Leon Artificial material and process for making same
US1820811A (en) * 1925-06-20 1931-08-25 Lilienfeld Leon Artificial material and process for making same
US2341555A (en) * 1939-01-05 1944-02-15 Baker & Co Inc Extrusion device
US2229092A (en) * 1939-09-27 1941-01-21 Ind Rayon Corp Method of and apparatus for manufacturing thread or the like
US2465408A (en) * 1944-02-15 1949-03-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning artificial fibers

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2799895A (en) * 1951-11-17 1957-07-23 American Enka Corp Spinning apparatus
US2775505A (en) * 1952-06-05 1956-12-25 American Viscose Corp Spinning regenerated cellulose filaments
US2818606A (en) * 1952-10-27 1958-01-07 Glastic Corp Manufacture of articles from thermosetting materials
US2911674A (en) * 1953-09-02 1959-11-10 British Celanese Wet spinning apparatus including filament wiping means
US2852808A (en) * 1953-10-05 1958-09-23 British Celanese Apparatus for manufacture or treatment of artificial filamentary materials
US2895790A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-07-21 British Celanese Production and treatment of artificial filamentary materials
US3058151A (en) * 1956-09-26 1962-10-16 Onderzoekings Inst Res Cellulose film treating system
US2980493A (en) * 1959-07-07 1961-04-18 American Viscose Corp Method of operating a tow machine

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GB661098A (en) 1951-11-14
BE482687A (fr)
FR966893A (fr) 1950-10-20
NL71391C (fr)

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