Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process of stabilizing rayon and rayon-containing textile fabrics so as to render such fabrics resistant to shrinking, stretching or distortion when they are subjected to laundering or dry cleaning.
• the process of the invention can be employed to improve dyeing qualities, and in a preferred embodiment to render the fabric resistant to creasing.
• the process of the invention can also be used to produce artificial crinkle or seersucker effects as well as two-tone dyeing efi'ects on rayon or rayoncontaining textile fabrics.
• the degree of polymerization of the undegraded cellulose molecule is of the order of 2,500 to 3,000 whereas that of viscose rayon staple fiber, for example, is of the order of 250 to 430.
• the macrodimensions of the cellulose molecule in cotton are so long, that although treatment with strong alkali will cause it to swell and shrink in length, very little if any of the molecule will go into solution. Due, at least in part, to its comparatively low degree of polymerization, viscose rayon, for example, dissolves extensively in a 10% alkali solution at low temperature.
• the primary object of this invention is to provide a method of pre-treating rayon fibers and fabrics in such a manner that they can be stabilized by the action of caustic alkali without being deleteriously affected, 1. e., rendered resistant to shrinking, stretching and distortion when they are subjected to laundering or dry cleaning.
• Another object is to improve the dyeing qualities of rayon and rayon-containing fabrics.
• Still another object of a preferred embodiment of the invention is to provide a method of making rayon and rayomcontaining fabrics resistant to creasing simultaneously with the stabilization.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing artificial seersucker or crinkling effects in rayon and rayon-containing fabrics.
• This process can be applied to any rayon material.
• the process is likewise applicable to other cellulosic fabrics-for example: cotton, linen, hemp, ramie, etc. containing a substantial proportion of such rayon material.
• the protective material used in this process may be any resin that becomes insolubilized during the treatment with, and by the action" of, the alkali and remains in the fabric after said treatment and after the usual finishing operations to 3 which the fabric is subjected.
• these resins are the lactic acid-urea-formaldehyde and lactic acid-urea-melamine resins of the type disclosed in co -pending applications Serial Nos. 619,-
• An aqueous solution of a resin typical of such resins may, for example, be prepared in the fol lowing manner: 46.! grams of 40% aqueous form'- aldehyde and 50.3 grams of 50% lactic acid are mixed and heated to 160 F. with agitation and refluxed for one hour. The reaction mass is then cooled to 140 F. and 14.0 grams of urea are added. Heating with agitation is continued until the reaction mass attains a temperature of 205 F., and it is maintained at this temperature, with agitation, for one hour and fifty minutes. The reaction mass is then cooled to 110 F., grams of ethylene glycol are added with agitation and then the reaction mass-is cooled to 70 F. The reaction product has a pH of 4. It is clear, straw colored, slightly viscous and soluble in water in all proportions.
• any of these or other resins, or combinations thereof with one another or with other materials may be applied in the form of solutions or dispersions of resin or resin-forming materials.
• resin or protective colloid may be modified with any plasticizer or softener that is removable subsequently or remains fixed with the resin.
• the protective material is applied to the fabric uniformly, preferably by padding.
• the caustic is likewise applied to the fabric uniformly, preferably also by padding. If on the other hand, the object of the treatment is to obtain a seersucker effect or a two-tone dyeing effect, then the protective material is applied to the fabric uniformly, preferably by padding, but the caustic treatment is applied non-uniformly, for example in stripes, designed patterns, by machine printing, stencil, block or screen printing.
• the resin When the resin is applied uniformly to the fabric, it will not only modify uniformly the action of the alkali on the fabric but its precipitation or condensation in the fibers will also effect creaseproofness in the finished product. If. on the other hand, the resin is applied uniformly to the fabric, but the action of the caustic is localized, the shrinking will take place only in the places where the caustic has-been applied, and a crinkle effect will result and the fabric will acquire non-uniform dyeing properties. Those p01- 4 tions of the fabric which have been shrunk by the action of the alkali are found to have a greater affinity for dye,- with the result that excellent two-tone efiects can be obtained in one simple dyeing operation.
• the gray goods from the loom are padded with a solution or dispersion containing theprotective material in an amount to prevent dissolution of the rayon by the alkali.
• the amount will vary depending on the particular protective material arid to some extent on the protection desired. Generally a concentration of from 3 to by weight is suitable.
• the preferred embodiment is to use resins that are condensed and insolubilized by the action of the alkali itself.
• the advantages of this preferred embodiment of the invention are that it eliminates the use of catalysts, which ordinarily have a tendency to tenderize the fabric, and eliminates the high temperatures of 290 F. to 350 F. necessary for curing.
• Such resins for example, are the lactic acid-urea formaldehyde and lactic acidmelamine formaldehyde resins mentioned hereinbefore.
• the range of concentration of the caustic may be from about 10 to 35%, depending upon the particular rayon, the temperature, and other conditions, although I prefer to use concentrations of from about 18 to 28%.
• the concentration of caustic should be at least sufiicient to obtain the desired stabilizing effect. Higher concentrations of caustic are unnecessary unless special effects, such as increased stiffness in the finished fabric, are desired, in which event concentrations of from 30 to usually suffice.
• the temperature of the caustic solution may vary depending upon the concentration of the solution and the time of treatment. In general it will fall within the range of to 100 F., but for a commercial process in present day operation, I prefer to use a temperature of from to F.
• the time of the caustic treatment should be sufficient to secure the desired effect, and may vary according to the type and weight of the goods, between thirty seconds and about ten min utes. It is to be understood, of course, that concentration of caustic, temperature and time of treatment are interrelated and may be varied to suit the purpose in view.
• the goods are rinsed and neutralized with any neutralizing agent, such as bicarbonate of soda or the like, rinsed and processed in any other manner conventionally used to treat goods subjected to treatment with caustic.
• any neutralizing agent such as bicarbonate of soda or the like
• the fabrics may be boiled off, bleached, dyed or otherwise processed in any conventional manner.
• they are slack dried, cold framed to finished width, decatized, and calendered if necessary. Goods so processed will not shrink or 5 stretch more than 1% in subsequent laundering operations.
• Example 1 A fabric woven with pigmented filament rayon both for filling or weft and warp, count 92/68, greige width 40 inches, to be finished and stabilized at 38 /2 inches, was treated in the greige with a lactic acid-urea formaldehyde type resin solution having a concentration of '7-8%. The pick-up was between 80 and 90%. The'fabric was then frame dried at 190 to 200 F.
• Example 2 Another fabric woven from spun rayon thread and cotton threads, count 70/42, greige width 42 inches, to be finished and stabilized at 38 inches, was treated in the same manner as the fabric in Example 1.
• the finished and stabilized fabric was given five washing tests using the cotton method of testing of 40 minutes boil, min- The tensile strength, the seam slippage resistance, the abrasion resistance and creaseproofing were excellent and superior to those of a piece of the same cloth finished in the ordinary way without stabilization.
• Example 3 Another fabric woven from 80% viscose staple fibers and 20% cellulose acetate staple fibers was treated in the same manner as the fabric of Example 1. The count of this fabric was 104/68, the greige width 40 /2 inches, to be finished and stabilized at 38 inches. The finished and stabilized fabric was given 5 washing tests using the same method as with fabric in Example 1. The following changes in dimensions were noted upon measurement after each successive washing test:
• a water-soluble reaction product of an aldehyde I an alpha-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, an alpha-substituted ethanol and a member selected from the group consisting of urea, thicurea
• a process which comprises treating fabric containing synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose fibers with an aqueous solution containing from 3 to. 25% by weight of a water-soluble reaction product of formaldehyde, lactic acid, an alpha-substituted ethanol and urea, drying the treated fabric at a temperature up to about 200 F., and stabilizing the treated fabric by treating it, for aperiod of from about thirty seconds to about ten minutes and at a temperature between about 50 and 100 F., with an alkali solution having a concentration of from about 10 to about 35%.
• a process which comprises treating fabric containing synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose fibers with an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 25% by weight of a water-soluble reaction product of formaldehyde, lactic acid, an alpha-substituted ethanol and melamine, drying the treated fabric at a temperature up to about 200 F., and stabilizing the treated fabric by treating it, for a period of from about thirty seconds to about ten minutes and at a temperature between about 50 and 100 F., with an alkali solution having a concentration of from about 10 to about 35%.
• a process which comprises treating fabric containing synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose fibers with an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 25% by weight of a water-soluble reaction product of an aldehyde, an alpha-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid,
• cuprammonium and nitrocellulose fibers with an 1 aqueous solution containing from 3 to 25% by weight of a water-soluble reaction product of formaldehyde, lactic acid, an alpha-substituted ethanol and urea, drying the treated fabric at a temperature up to about 200 F,, and stabilizing the treated fabric by treating it, for a period of from about thirty seconds to about ten minutes and at a temperature between about 60 and 70 F., with a caustic alkali solution having a concentration of from about 13 to about 28%.
• a process which comprises treating fabric containing synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose fibers with an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 25% by weight of a' water-soluble reaction product of formaldehyde, lactic acid, an alpha-substituted ethanol and melamine, drying the treated fabric.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Citations (15)

• 0
  • BE BE471098D patent/BE471098A/xx unknown
• 1946
  • 1946-04-24 US US664689A patent/US2524113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1947
  • 1947-02-10 FR FR944333D patent/FR944333A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (15)

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