US2521272A - Refrigerator car - Google Patents

Refrigerator car Download PDF

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Publication number
US2521272A
US2521272A US745747A US74574747A US2521272A US 2521272 A US2521272 A US 2521272A US 745747 A US745747 A US 745747A US 74574747 A US74574747 A US 74574747A US 2521272 A US2521272 A US 2521272A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
compartments
storage space
wall
tanks
lading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US745747A
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English (en)
Inventor
Beverly E Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JBS USA LLC
Original Assignee
Swift and Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR964875D priority Critical patent/FR964875A/fr
Application filed by Swift and Co Inc filed Critical Swift and Co Inc
Priority to US745747A priority patent/US2521272A/en
Priority to GB9460/48A priority patent/GB642271A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2521272A publication Critical patent/US2521272A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0072—Means for cooling only
    • B61D27/0081—Means for cooling only of wagons for transporting refrigerated goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/005—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies combined with heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
    • F25D3/06—Movable containers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the refrigerating art and more particularly to a method and means for controlling the temperature of the lading storage space in a railroad refrigerator car, refrigerated transit van, or like refrigerated transportation unit.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved wall structure for enclosing a storage space for perishable products.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an improved refrigerating wall structure for cooling perishable products and method for using the wall.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide improved means for cooling the lading storage space in transportation units such as railroad rolling stock, transit or lift vans, and the like.
  • Another object is to provide an improved method and means for maintaining a substantially constant and uniform temperature within such a transportation unit.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method for cooling the walls of a portable storage space for perishable products and maintaining a low temperature within the space defined by the walls.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method for chilling the lading held in a storage space.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a transportation unit body having the improved wall structure of this invention
  • Figure 2 is a sectional perspective View of a section of the Wall of the unit showing a louver arrangement over the face of the wall;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of a modified wall structure for such a unit.
  • the slow speed characteristics of the conven-* tional refrigerator car is an objectionable feature in itself, but when considered more particularly:
  • barometric pumping causes the air inside a package to be. exchanged for air outside of the package. tends to dehydrate the product and sometimes produces a shrinkage amounting to as much as L per cent of the weight of the product. Fruits and vegetables are particularly susceptible to damage of this type.
  • This barometric pumping action is not limited to the interchange of air in individual packages of food products, but is a 5 encountered in using the conventional. refriger-..
  • ator cars and also to improve the conditions under which a perishable product may be transported in railroad cars and other form of transporting means.
  • the delays and labor required to service a conventional refrigerator car are substantially eliminated, resulting in the more efficient use of railroad equipment and distribution of perishable products.
  • the invention of this disclosure makes it feasible to process a perishable product at a central point in the farming areas, freeze it and ship it to the points of consumption more rapidly and with less loss than has ever been possible in the past. And more especially, in using the herein-disclosed structure and with the speed-up in transportation which can be accomplished, the deficiencies of the prior art means are substantially eliminated.
  • This invention carries forward the original teaching of Williams patent, No. 2,381,796, dated A Augustfl, 1945, making use in part of the principles ofthe Williams car and adding thereto a more efficient wall structure to maintain the temperature within the lading storage space and having improved sources of refrigeration to provide additional cold as the unit is in'transit.
  • the present invention provides a unit body havingan: outer layer of thermal insulation which maybe of any conventional sort, such as rock wool, fibre glass, foam glass, vermiculite, expanded nylon, etc., coupled with an inner hollow wall-structure taking the form of a plurality of separate tanks or containersarranged in side by" side relationship. Certain of the tanks form channels through which heat exchange medium maybe circulated to chill the loaded unit, such as 'a:cold.liquid or an expanding gas. Thereafter'these tanks'may be connected to vacuumproducing means and evacuated'to provide additional insulation as disclosed insaid Williams patent.v
  • the last mentioned wall tanks may: be'provided with expansion valves 'so that a suitable refrigerant may be driven into the tank and expanded in two stages, first into the tank and then directly into the lading storage: space. The refrigerant is then at least partially evaporated in the immediate proximity of the product.
  • a series of tanks Positioned at spaced intervals between the above-described tanks are a series of tanks that are preferably maintained full of an eutectic solution, and the refrigerant flowing in the'firstmentioned tanks may be directed against a portion'of the outer surfaces of these filled tanks to freeze the eutectic solution.
  • the eutectic solution held in these spaced tanks is frozen, so that during the periods when the refrigerant supply-is cut off, the temperature of the lading storage space will bemaintained substantially constant at the melting point of the eutectic solution.
  • Every other channel can conveniently bemade into an eutectic storage chamber, thus providing a relatively large wall space packed with frozen eutectic, whereby a greatly enlarged cold wall surface is provided so that the fluctuation of the temperature inside the product storage chamber is substantially eliminated.
  • the particular eutectic solution may be selected to have a melting point close to the desired temperature to be maintained in the lading. storage space and the same constant meltingltemperature prevails at all times until the eutectic solution is substantially all melted since it is not diluted by the melting of any ice as is the case of the conventional brine cooling system.
  • a preferred form embodying this invention is disclosed in the drawings, and the outer shell ID of the wall structure, as above stated, may be packed with any suitable insulation.
  • Fibre glass, spun glass, vermiculite, spun nylon and foam glass have been found to be quite satisfactory, since they are quite inert, waterproof, vermin-proof, and do not absorb odors.
  • the thickness of the shell is preferably maintained at about two inches, and a certain amount of heat can be turned away from the car by providing a surface of reflecting material on the outside of the car body, and, conversely, heat may be extracted rapidly from products held in the lading storage space by using a dull surface on all the walls of the shell structure facing inwardly toward the lading.
  • Tanks to receive the refrigerant and eutectic solution are positioned inside the shell, the tanks, for example, being best shown as H, I2, [3, l4, and I5 in Figure 1.
  • the tanks are substantially rectangular in cross section and are arranged side by side with their adjacent surfaces juxtaposed in good heat exchange relationship.
  • alternate tanks l2 and M are adapted to be filled with an eutectic solution, and the other tanks II, l3, l5, etc., are designed to serve alternately as refrigerant and vacuum chambers.
  • the wall tanks may all be selectively connected to a refrigerant supply or vacuum producingv means.
  • the vacuum connection with the tanks is preferably made at the bottom through a centralheader 20, positioned in the floor of the car, the header having an outlet pipe 2
  • the vacuum pump may be any conventional type and may be driven from the axle of the car, or connected with the power plant of an auto truck, or may be plugged into the power line at a loading platform.
  • the containers or wall tanks that are connected to the refrigerant supply are coupled at the top to a refrigerant supply header 25 through individual inlet means 26 connected between the supply header 25 and each of the tanks.
  • a refrigerated brine solution such as calcium chloride, or other heat transmission liquid, such as tetracresylsilicate, may be circulated through these tanks to cool the unit and freeze the eutectic solution, and then withdrawn to the refrigeration source through a valve-controlled outlet 26' in line 2
  • expansion valves 21 are positioned at the inlets to these tanks to control the expansion of such'a refrigerant into the wall tanks, and if it is desired to further expand the refrigerant from the wall tanks into the lading storage space, a plurality of expansion valves 30 may be provided on the face of each tank.
  • alternate tanks will usually be filled with brine or eutectic solution which is frozen by circulation of the cold heat transfer medium, such as tetracresylsilicate, or by theexpansion of a refrigerant in the remaining alternate tanks as described above. If a refrigerant of the latter type is also expanded directly into' the lading storage space, part of it may be blown across the faces of the brine or eutectic containing tanks being chilled to more quickly extract the heat from the tanks to freeze the brine or eutectic solution. After the car has been loaded and the brine has been frozenin all of the tanks, the car is then ready to travel and may be connected to a train.
  • the cold heat transfer medium such as tetracresylsilicate
  • Tetracresylsilicate is mentioned as an example of the class of tetra-aryl silicates disclosed for use as liquid heat exchange media in U. S. Patent to Lotte I-I. Johnston, No. 2,335,012, dated November 23, 1943. Any other suitable type of liquid heat exchange medium may be used.
  • the initial chilling and freezing of the brine in the wall tanks may be accomplished at a central servicing station where refrigerating means are readily available.
  • the brine solution in the tanks slowly melts and maintains the desired inside temperature and, due to the large surface area exposed, a much more constant low temperature condition is maintained throughout the entire lading area than has ever been possible with the older ice bunker structure heretofore used.
  • the temperature control medium may be substantially higher in temperature than theoutdoor temperature, but the temperature of the. control medium, such as brine or tetracresylsilicate is calculated and regulated to be such as to give the desired temperature result to both the walls of the car or van and also to the lading interior and to the product itself.
  • the alternate tanks used for the refrigerant may subsequently be vacuumized after the car has been serviced so that a composite wall structure results which has a much lower coefficient of heat transfer.
  • the lading storage space is then protected against heat transfer by the outer layer of insulation and an inner layer substantially equal to the thickness of the wall tanks and comprising sections that are either vacuumized or filled with frozen eutectic.
  • the lading storage space is preferably separated somewhat from the wall of the car by a suitable louvered bulkhead means 4E3.
  • the bulkheads are spaced slightly from the wall tanks to form a temperature equalizing air space so that inequalities in wall surface temperatures may be leveled out by the resulting convection currents that are set up within this space between the walls and the louvers, and further, the production of these ajlr currents tends to eliminate the drying of the air by condensation of. moisture on said walls. This ensures that the temperature of the storage space will be maintained substantially con-- stant and the relative humidity maintained at a high per cent.
  • the headers 25 and 20 can be readily reconnected to a refrigerant supply and vacuumizing means in a simple servicing. operation, or a supply of compressed liquefied re frigerant mayibe carried in orunderthe unit (ill and released by automatic meansv to be expanded.
  • thermostatic control means may be used to release the refrigerant as desired.
  • Figure 3 shows a modified tank wall structure.
  • This structure provides a maximum surface for exposure of the frozen eutectic to the lading storage space and the refrigerant circulating passage, but has a minimum of the frozen eutectic surface area exposed to the warmer outside surface of the car.
  • the wall between the eutectic cham-' her and the refrigerating chamber may be corrugated to provide an increased proportion of surface area between the tanks for heat transfer, or fins 5
  • Such units may be cooled and loaded at a central point in the packing plant or other processing factory, orin farm-producing areas, etc. After-the chilled product has been placed in the unit, it is sealed and finally chilled to the desired temperature with freezing of the brine tanks (if they are being used); The refrigerant supply means is then disconnected and the refrigerant withdrawn and a vacuum drawn on the remaining walltanks. The unit is then ready for transportation, and because of its very light-weight construction and because of the elimination of the necessity of icing in transit, the loaded unit may be delivered rapidly from the loading point to the consumer. In the case of railroad cars,
  • the lighter weight structure makes it possible to couple a car full of frozen food products to the faster moving trains, and the product may be delivered to the consumer much more quickly and, therefore, with less likelihood of damage.
  • portable units such as transit or price of various products to deteriorate, are
  • the more even temperature conditions minimize the damage inherent in the barometric pumping process mentioned above.
  • the quantity of frozen brine or eutectic required to hold a given temperature may be provided to produce the optimum conditions for transporting a frozen product under constant and appropriate temperature conditions.
  • I claim 1 The method of refrigerating a transportation unit, including a wall having compartments containing liquid to be frozen and adjacent refrigerating sections, which comprises freezing the liquid in said compartments and chilling said sections and the lading space by circulating a cold heat exchange medium in said sections,.and then stopping the circulation of said medium and disconnecting said sections from the supply thereof for subsequent transit of said unit, during which the low temperature within the unit is maintained by the melting of the frozen liquid in said compartments.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising a plurality of compartments, certain of said compartments containing a liquid to be frozen and being in heat exchanging relationship with the rest of the compartments, and means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising a plurality of compartments, certain of said compartments containing a liquid to be frozen and being in heat exchanging relationship with the rest of the compartments, means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading S o e space and freeze said liquid, and louvered bulkheads spaced from the inner 8. surfaces of said compartments and defining the lading storage space.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation and an inner layer composed of a plurality of compartments, certain of said compartments containing a liquid to be frozen and being in heat exchanging relationship with the rest of the compartments, and means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a Wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation and an inner layer composed of a plurality of compartments, certain of said compartments containing a liquid to be frozen and being in heat exchanging relationship with the rest of the compartments, means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid and louvered bulkheads spaced from the inner layer and defining the lading storage space.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising a plurality of compartments arranged substantially in a side by side heat exchanging relationship one with another, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozen to certain of said compartments, and header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation and an inner layer composed of compartments arranged substantially in a side by side heat exchanging relationship, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozenv to certain of said compartments, and header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation and an inner layer composed of compartments arranged substantially in a side by side heat exchanging relationship, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozen to certain of said compartments, header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid, and louvered bulkheads spaced from said inner layer and defining the lading storage space.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation, the sides at least of said wall structure having an inner layer composed of a plurality of vertical compartments arranged side by side in heat exchange relationship, inlet and outlet connections at the top and bottom of each compartment, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozen through said connections to certain of said compartments, and header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through said connections to the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a wall structure enclosin the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation, the sides at least of said wall structure having an inner layer composed of a plurality of vertical compartments of substantially rectangular cross section arranged side by side with their adjacent surfaces juxtaposed in heat exchange relationship, inlet and outlet connections at the top and bottom of each compartment, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozen through said connections to certain of said compartments, and header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through said connections to the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising an outer layer of insulation, the sides, at least, of said wall structure having an inner layer composed of a plurality of vertical compartments of substantially rectangular cross section arranged side by side with their adjacent surfaces juxtaposed in heat exchange relationship, inlet and outlet connections at the top and bottom of each compartment, header means for supplying a liquid to be frozen through said connections to certain of said compartments, header means for circulating a heat exchange medium through said connections to the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid, and louvered bulk- 10 heads spaced from said inner layer and defining the lading storage space.
  • a wall structure for surrounding the lading storage space in a refrigerator means comprising a hollow partition formed of a plurality of compartments arranged substantially side by side, certain of said compartments having an eutectic solution sealed therein, the remainder of said compartments being adapted for the expansion of a refrigerant, means to supply a compressed but normally gaseous refrigerant, and expansion valve means to initially expand said refrigerant into said remaining chambers and additional expansion valve means to permit further expansion of said refrigerant into the lading storage space to fiow across the face of said certain compartments.
  • a wall structure enclosing the lading storage space and comprising a plurality of compartments, said compartments being generally trapezoidal in their transverse cross section, certain of said compartments containing a liquid to be frozen, said certain compartments being disposed so that the Wider bases of their said transverse cross sections are disposed adjacent said space, and means for circulating a heat exchange medium through the rest of the compartments to chill the wall and lading storage space and freeze said liquid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
US745747A 1947-05-03 1947-05-03 Refrigerator car Expired - Lifetime US2521272A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR964875D FR964875A (ko) 1947-05-03
US745747A US2521272A (en) 1947-05-03 1947-05-03 Refrigerator car
GB9460/48A GB642271A (en) 1947-05-03 1948-04-05 Improvements in or relating to a refrigerated transportation unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US745747A US2521272A (en) 1947-05-03 1947-05-03 Refrigerator car

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US2521272A true US2521272A (en) 1950-09-05

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US745747A Expired - Lifetime US2521272A (en) 1947-05-03 1947-05-03 Refrigerator car

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FR (1) FR964875A (ko)
GB (1) GB642271A (ko)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3159982A (en) * 1962-03-28 1964-12-08 Max H Schachner Refrigerated container having primary and secondary cooling circuits
US5445213A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-08-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heat accumulator for heat energy and cold energy accumulating system
US5993310A (en) * 1996-02-26 1999-11-30 John Donovan Enterprises-Florida, Inc. Air return bulkhead
WO2005077713A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-25 Mærsk Container Industri As A reefer with integrated evaporator
US7351136B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2008-04-01 Fg Products, Inc. Air return bulkhead with quick release mounting system
US20120325455A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Newman Michael D In transit refrigeration heat transfer apparatus

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE907185C (de) * 1951-11-17 1954-03-22 Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik Offener Gueterwagen
FR2652885B1 (fr) * 1988-09-14 1994-05-20 Rene Grandi Dispositif a echangeur accumulateur de frigories a raccord rapide, avec nourrice d'accumulation a reserve pour compensation de perte de gaz refrigerant.
WO1992010711A1 (fr) * 1989-10-11 1992-06-25 Grandi Rene Dispositif echangeur-accumulateur de frigories a raccord rapide avec reserve pour compensation de perte de gaz refrigerant
BR9204865A (pt) * 1992-11-25 1993-04-13 Nordon Ind Metalurgicas Equipamento de refrigeracao de recipientes para uso industrial e processo de refrigeracao de recipientes para uso industrial utilizando dito equipamento
AUPM523894A0 (en) * 1994-04-21 1994-05-19 Bassett, Desmond James Refrigeration system
CN111055861B (zh) * 2018-10-16 2021-07-23 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种车辆空调系统及控制方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3159982A (en) * 1962-03-28 1964-12-08 Max H Schachner Refrigerated container having primary and secondary cooling circuits
US5445213A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-08-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heat accumulator for heat energy and cold energy accumulating system
US5993310A (en) * 1996-02-26 1999-11-30 John Donovan Enterprises-Florida, Inc. Air return bulkhead
US6626753B2 (en) 1996-02-26 2003-09-30 Illinois Tool Works Inc Air return bulkhead
WO2005077713A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-25 Mærsk Container Industri As A reefer with integrated evaporator
US7351136B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2008-04-01 Fg Products, Inc. Air return bulkhead with quick release mounting system
US8870638B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2014-10-28 Fg Products, Inc. Air return bulkhead with quick release mounting system
US20120325455A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Newman Michael D In transit refrigeration heat transfer apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
FR964875A (ko) 1950-08-26
GB642271A (en) 1950-08-30

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