US2519842A - Treatment of wool and other animal fibers - Google Patents
Treatment of wool and other animal fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2519842A US2519842A US9333A US933348A US2519842A US 2519842 A US2519842 A US 2519842A US 9333 A US9333 A US 9333A US 933348 A US933348 A US 933348A US 2519842 A US2519842 A US 2519842A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wool
- solution
- treatment
- precondensation
- products
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 16
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title description 50
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005207 1,3-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 6
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 yarns Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C=O DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Substances ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001079625 Proteides Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUNJCFABHJZSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical class OC1=CC=C(C=O)C(O)=C1 IUNJCFABHJZSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
- D06M15/41—Phenol-aldehyde or phenol-ketone resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/02—Resin hair settings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the treatment of animal fibers and products formed therefrom. More particularly, the invention is directed to a method of improving the physical and chemical properties of wool and other animal fibers, yarns, fabrics, knitted materials andfinished articles.
- Wool One of the most important of these materials is wool because of its warmth-insulating property its comfort of wearing and the ease with which it can be spun into fibers and fulled dur-- ing processing for certain purposes. Wool also has an appreciable resistance to acids which renders it suitable for certain types of clothing used in places where protection against acid is necessary. This acid-resisting property of wool renders it suitable for filter cloth and filter bags for the filtration of acid solutions, although its durability in this respect is limited and the treatment comprehended by the present invention makes it possible to use wool more intensively for certain purposes.
- casein dissolves in a dilute ammonia solution.
- Wool for example, hydrolyzes completely under proper conditions and may be dissolved when it is treated for one houiwith a 4% caustic soda solution at 50 C.
- the normal commercial casein thread dissolves only to a very limited extent, i. e., often less than 1%.
- Another object of this invention is the production of an improved animal fiber and articles formed therefrom which has been treated with a precondensation product of an aldehyde with resorcinol or with substituted resorcinols.
- an aqueous acid precondensation solution is prepared by dissolving resorcinol in an approximately 35% formaldehyde solution in a ratio of one gram-molecule of resorcinol to at least 6 gram-molecules of formaldehyde. By heating this solution at about 60 C. for about one-half hour, it is brought to the proper stage of precondensation.
- the pH of this concentrated resorcinol formaldehyde solution should be adjusted to a value between 4.5
- the solution is diluted with water until the concentration of the originally dissolved resorcinol is 0.5% to 1.0%.
- the pH value of this dilute solution should be adjusted to a value between 45 and 5.5, at which time it is in condition for the treatment of wool.
- the precondensation solution is very stable, i. e., the condensation process continues very slowly.
- the wool is treated with the precondensation solution by immersion, preferably at an increased temperature at about 40-45 C. It was determined that the precondensation product was substantively absorbed by the fibers. After centrifuging and drying the wool product is then heated above 100 0., preferably at about 105 C., for about one-half an hour, whereby the product is hardened.
- the precondensation solution must be acid and that a large excess of formaldehyde must be used, and although this preparation can be varied within wide limits, the pH value must be maintained within the limits given above, or otherwise the condensation reaction may continue to an undesired stage both in the concentrated solution and after dilution. If the pH value of the solution lies outside of the preferred range, this value can be corrected by the addition of weak alkalies or acids. If an acid is required, lactic acid is advisable.
- the quantity absorbed increases within certain limits with the temperature applied during the treatment, the concentration of the solution and the liquid ratio.
- the quantity to be absorbed can be predetermined and regulated by the proper selection of working conditions. In any case, it is advisable to use an excess of the precondensation product.
- These precondensation products can be used with beneficial results on wool fiock, immediately after washing the wool and also on yarns, fabrics, knitted materials and even on finished articles such as wool cloth out to size, filter cloth, woolen filter bags, woolen clothing, including protective clothing, woolen carpets, and also on other animal hairs such as horse hair, cow hair, hogs hair, felt from wool or hairs, and even fieeces.
- these materials are referred to hereinafter as keratinaceous animal fibers, this term being employed to refer to such fibers whether present in the form of fibers as such or as finished articles including such fibers.
- Examples 1 and 2 were conducted under identically the same conditions with the exception that a substituted resorcinol was used instead of resorcinol, namely, 1-3-dihydroxy-6-chloro-benzene was used. In this case the quantities were modified in accordance with the difference in molecular weight between resorcinol and its substitution product.
- EXAMPLE 3 A dilute precondensation solution was prepared fffgg im gz by dissolving 5 parts of resorcinol in 40 parts of a 36% formaldehyde solution. The solution was dry Wet dry wet adjusted to a pH of 3.4 and heated for 30 minutes at 60 0. and finally diluted with cold water. kg. km W M This precondensation solution contained 10 untreated 4.3 3.5 5.0 2.2 grams of resorcinol and 80 grams of forinaldetreated hyde solution per liter calculated on the original chemicals. Finished woolen articles, 1.
- the solution was (hypochlonte) djusted to a p of heated at f
- the treated and untreated material was sub- 30 minutes and diluted with water.
- This solution 30 jected t a very intensive chlorine treatment contain d 5 em 0 f r s l and 40 grams of (bleaching operation).
- formaldehyde solutlon per liter calculated on the hi was somewhat exaggerated the untreated original chemicals.
- a fulled felt was introduced t i l Showed a number of large holes While to a p e f 25 s as m1 10h 0f the treated material still had a good appearance.
- the felt was treated in thlsvat at intensive treatment, the strengths f strips of 35 o. for 6 hours. The felt was then centr fug the treated and. untreated material were measagain exposed to the impregnating solution for a, d are as follows; 30 minutes, centrifuged a second time and dried in the air, and after this, completely dried at 70 I C. Finally, the felt was hardened in a hot air t l ii w l tttif current at 105 C.
- the strip strength found at the places exposed to abrasion of the untreated and treated wool material were as follows:
- strip strength (average of 4 determinations) of untreated material 1.3 kg. Strip strength (average of 4 determinations) of treated material 4.5 kg.
- sample marked in blue refers to the material treated with formaldehyde only, whereas the sample marked in red has been treated with the precondensation products of resorcinol and formaldehyde.
- the fibers show practically no tendency to stick together, and as a result of which the products exhibit a remarkable softness.
- a process of improving the physical and chemical properties of keratinaceous animal fibers which comprises the steps of treating the fibers with a weakly acidic solution containing precondensation products of (a) formaldehyde and (b) a compound of the class consisting of resorcinol and chloro-substituted resorcinols in the preparation of which at least six mols of (a) per mol of (b) are employed, centrifuging the thus treated fibers and drying the same by heating.
- precondensation products are of formaldehyde and resorcinol.
- steps which comprise dissolving (b) a compound of the class consisting of resorcinol and chloro-substituted resorcinols in an aqueous acid solution of (a) formaldehyde having a pH value between 5 and 2.8, the molecular ratio of (a) to (b) being at least 6:1, heating the solution to a temperature of the order of 60 C.
- precondensation products are of formaldehyde and resorcinol.
- steps which comprise dissolving (b) a compound of the class consisting of resorcinol and chloro-substituted resorcinols in an aqueous acid solution of (a) formaldehyde having a pH value between 5 and 2.8, the molecular ratio of (a) to (b) being at least 6:1, heating the solution to a temperature of the order of 60 C.
- steps which comprise dissolving (b) a compound of the class coni sisting of resorcinol and chloro-substituted resorcinois in an aqueous acid solution of (a) formaldehyde having a pH value between 5 and 2.8, the molecular ratio of (a) to (b) being at least 6:1, heating the solution to a temperature of the order of 60 C.
- steps which comprise dissolving (b) a compound of the class consisting of resorcinol and chloro-substituted resorcinols in an aqueous acid solution of (a) formaldehyde having a pH value between 5 and 2.8 and in which at least 6 mols of (a) per mol of (b) are used, heating the solution at about 60 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2519842X | 1947-06-28 | ||
| NL266614X | 1947-07-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2519842A true US2519842A (en) | 1950-08-22 |
Family
ID=32232798
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9333A Expired - Lifetime US2519842A (en) | 1947-06-28 | 1948-02-18 | Treatment of wool and other animal fibers |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2519842A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE481854A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH266614A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE808705C (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR964602A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB639155A (en(2012)) |
| NL (1) | NL62727C (en(2012)) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2701749A (en) * | 1949-11-14 | 1955-02-08 | American Cyanamid Co | Process of tanning with borated methylol phenols |
| US4278659A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-07-14 | The Gillette Company | Hair setting and bodying composition and method |
| US20080066773A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2008-03-20 | Anderson Daniel G | In situ polymerization for hair treatment |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB727660A (en) * | 1951-10-26 | 1955-04-06 | British Industrial Plastics | A process for improving the felting shrinkage resistance of wool or wool-containing textile materials |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1395733A (en) * | 1921-11-01 | Tanning | ||
| US2234138A (en) * | 1937-02-19 | 1941-03-04 | George W Benz | Treatment of animal fur |
| US2240388A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1941-04-29 | George W Benz | Method of treating filamentous materials |
| US2348602A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1944-05-09 | George W Benz | Process of treating filamentous materials |
| US2390073A (en) * | 1941-02-28 | 1945-12-04 | Jose B Calva | Hair treatment |
-
0
- NL NL62727D patent/NL62727C/xx active
- BE BE481854D patent/BE481854A/xx unknown
- FR FR964602D patent/FR964602A/fr not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-09-25 GB GB26076/47A patent/GB639155A/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-02-18 US US9333A patent/US2519842A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1948-04-19 CH CH266614D patent/CH266614A/de unknown
- 1948-10-09 DE DEP17630A patent/DE808705C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1395733A (en) * | 1921-11-01 | Tanning | ||
| US2240388A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1941-04-29 | George W Benz | Method of treating filamentous materials |
| US2348602A (en) * | 1936-10-19 | 1944-05-09 | George W Benz | Process of treating filamentous materials |
| US2234138A (en) * | 1937-02-19 | 1941-03-04 | George W Benz | Treatment of animal fur |
| US2390073A (en) * | 1941-02-28 | 1945-12-04 | Jose B Calva | Hair treatment |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2701749A (en) * | 1949-11-14 | 1955-02-08 | American Cyanamid Co | Process of tanning with borated methylol phenols |
| US4278659A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-07-14 | The Gillette Company | Hair setting and bodying composition and method |
| US20080066773A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2008-03-20 | Anderson Daniel G | In situ polymerization for hair treatment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH266614A (de) | 1950-02-15 |
| NL62727C (en(2012)) | |
| FR964602A (en(2012)) | 1950-08-19 |
| DE808705C (de) | 1951-07-19 |
| GB639155A (en) | 1950-06-21 |
| BE481854A (en(2012)) |
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