Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel fuel compositions. More specifically, this invention pertains to gasoline fuels for spark ignition internal combustion engines containing therein an additive having the property, inter alia, of reducing combustion chamber deposits.
• An object of this invention is to provide fuel compositions which eliminate, or at least materially inhibit and/or reduce, the combustion chamber deposits of spark ignition internal combustion engines. Another object is to provide fuel compositions which decrease lacquer formation, ring sticking, and oil consumption. Other objects and their achievement in accordance with the present invention will be apparent from the following specification.
• R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals.
• Suitable radicals include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, aryl, alicyclic or cyclo-oleflnic radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, normal butyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, hexyl, iso-octyl, dodecyl, cetyl, stearyl, trimethyl octadecyl, allyl, methallyl, crotyl, oleyl, cyclopentyl, methyl cyclopentyl, cyelohexyl, isopropyl cyclohexyl, endomethylene cyclohexyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, but
• R1 and R2 may be connected to form a ring, together with the nitrogen atom which is also attached to the nitroso group.
• the present compounds are those wherein the total number of carbon atoms in both R1 and R2 is from about 5 to about 40, and preferably from 6 to about 20.
• Dicyclohexyl nitrosamine is an example of such compounds, and when incorporated in gasoline, forms therewith a preferred fuel composition of the present invention.
• diisopropyl nitrosamine di-n-butyl nitrosamine, din-propyl nitrosamine, diisobutyl nitrosamine, methylpentyl nitrosamine, methylcyclohexyl nitrosamine, diphenyl nitrosamine, bis(3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyi) nitrosamine, methylbenzyl nitrosamine, allylbutyl nitrosamine, n-propylcyclohexenyl nitrosamine, and the like.
• the additives incorporated in gasoline to form the fuel compositions of the present invention have a nitroso group attached to a nitrogen atom which in turn is attached to two hydrocarbon radicals.
• gasoline fuel which generally has a boiling range of from about 100 F. to about 400 F.
• gasoline hydrocarbons gasoline fuel, "gasolines and terms of similar import, as used herein, is meant mixtures of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, namely, from about 100 F. to about 400 F., and which are normally employed in the operation of spark ignition internal combustion engines.
• the present additives are dissolved in the gasoline hydrocarbons.
• the total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 of the above general formula is preferably at least 5, and preferably the total number is less than about 40.
• the present nitroso compounds may be dispersed Or emulsified in the fuel where necessary or desirable, in which case emulsifying agents, such as triethanolamine oleate, the alkali .metal sulfonates, and the like, may be employed if desired. Solutizers may also advantageously be employed in some instances.
• the quantity .of the present additives to be incorporated in gasoline fuels may be varied between about .001 and about 1% by weight, and good results obtained therewith, but preferably from about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight is employed, since excellent results are economically obtained therewith. However, larger or smaller amounts of the additive, or mixtures thereof, may also be used.
• oxidation inhibitors such as alpha naphthol may be incorporated in the compositions of the present invention without adversely affecting the action of the additives of the present invention, and the beneficial effects of such additional additives are obtained.
• Example I Dicyclohexyl nitrosamine was dissolved in an 80 octane number leaded gasoline to form a 0.02% by weight solution thereof. The resulting fuel composition was compared to the same gasoline in the absence of the dicyclohexyl nitrosamine. This comparison was efiected in a Franklin aircraft engine (four cylinder spark ignition air cooled engine of 4 inch bore and 3 inch stroke) operated at 2200 R. P. M. under a load of 37 B. H. P. for 50 hours using a non-additive S. A. E. grade 30 lubricating oil.
• Example II Example I was repeated using an S. A. E. grade lubricating oil containing 0.25% by weight as the sulfate ash, and 0.05% by weight of the calcium salts of oil soluble petroleum sulfonlc acids, calculated as the sulfate ash.
• Example III Example III is repeated except that diisopropyl nitrosamine is substituted for dicyclohexyl nitrosamine as the gasoline additive.
• this gasoline composition is compared to the same gasoline without the diisopropyl nitrosamine, the results of Example I are substantially duplicated, i. e., by the incorporation of diisopropyl nitrosamine in the gasoline a significant increas in the period of engine operation before spark plug fouling necessitates a shutdown, a decrease in combustion chamber deposition, and a decrease in oil consumption is observed.
• Example I is repeated except that N-nitroso diphenylamine is substituted for dicyclohexyl nitrosamine as the gasoline additive.
• This gasoline composition when compared to the same gasoline without the N-nitroso diphenylamine under the operating conditions described in Example I, gives substantially identical results as described therein for dicyclohexyl nitrosamine, namely, a substantial increase in the length of engine operation before spark plug fouling, a decrease in combustion chamber deposition, and a decrease in oil consumption.
• a significant and unobvious advantage obtained by engine operation in accordance with the present invention is the decrease in deposition in spark ignition engines operating on leaded fuels, and in the decrease in oil consumption by the operation of such engines, as demonstrated in the above examples.
• a further advantage is the change in properties of the combustion chamber deposits from a rough, hard, and uneven deposit to a soft, smooth de osit, caused by the presence in the gasoline of an additive containing a nitroso group attached to an organic radical through a nitrogen atom. This latter effect isof considerable importance.
• the hard deposit tends to become fused, heated to red heat, and by retaining the heat through the engine cycle .tends to cause pre-ignition of'the fuel in the subsequent cycles, whereas the soft deposit does not so tend to cause pre-ignition.
• a gasoline fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons boiling from about 100 F. to about 400 F. and from about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight of dicyclohexyl nitrosamine.
• a gasoline fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons boiling from about 100 F. to about 400 F. and from about 0.001% to about 1% trosamine.
• a gasoline fuel for spark ignition internal combustion-engines comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons boiling from about 100 F. to about 400 F. and from about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight of diisopropyl nitrosamine.
• a gasoline fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons boiling from about 100 40 F. to about 400 about 1% F. and from about 0.001% to by weight of dilsopropyl nitrosamine.
• a gasoline fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons boiling from about F. to about 400 F. and from about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight of diphenyl nitrosamine.
• a gasoline fuel comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons and from about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight of a compound having the formula wherein R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals having together a total of from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• a gasoline fuel comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons and from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of an N-nitroso di(aliphatic hydrocarbon) secondary amine containing a total of from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• a gasoline fuel comprising a leaded mixture of gasoline hydrocarbons and from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of an N-nitroso di(saturated hydrocarbon) secondary amine containing a total of from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE490883D patent/BE490883A/xx unknown
• 1948
  • 1948-08-31 US US47133A patent/US2514018A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1949
  • 1949-08-31 GB GB22582/49A patent/GB685764A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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