US2438452A - Diesel engine fuels - Google Patents
Diesel engine fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2438452A US2438452A US573812A US57381245A US2438452A US 2438452 A US2438452 A US 2438452A US 573812 A US573812 A US 573812A US 57381245 A US57381245 A US 57381245A US 2438452 A US2438452 A US 2438452A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- diesel engine
- engine fuels
- carbamate
- nitro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 21
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 e. g. Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SKKTUOZKZKCGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl carbamate Chemical compound CCCCOC(N)=O SKKTUOZKZKCGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- GTCAXTIRRLKXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carbamate Chemical compound COC(N)=O GTCAXTIRRLKXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAUBWLYZCDDYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N(C)N=O CAUBWLYZCDDYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- CKHGSDZSNACBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethyl-n-nitrocarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N(CC)[N+]([O-])=O CKHGSDZSNACBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAGGRUKAQFFMBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-nitro-n-propan-2-ylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N(C(C)C)[N+]([O-])=O GAGGRUKAQFFMBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
- C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
Definitions
- 'l'hisi-invention relates to internal combustion engine fuels and relates more particularly to fuels for compression ignition engines and to methods and means for improving their ignition qualities.
- the invention consists in the novel steps, compositions, combinations and improvements herein described.
- Objects of this invention are to make possible the raising of the'cetane number of fuels for compression ignition engines without lowering, or without substantial lowering of the flash point of the fuel and with some lowering of the pour point of the fuel; and, to accomplish the foregoing through the use of an addition agent or additive material which is stable and will not decompose under normal storage conditions, which is non-toxic and non-explosive and is non-inflammable at room temperature and which is liquid even at very low temperatures such, for example, as -60 F. .and which does not increase NHsCOaR wherein R is an alkyl group.
- R above is the ethyl group, Cal-Is, the resulting ethyl carbamate, NHzCOzEb, is commonly termed urethane.
- R above is analkyl group other than the ethyl group, e. g., methyl, propyl, butyl, etc.
- R above is analkyl group other than the ethyl group, e. g., methyl, propyl, butyl, etc.
- the alkyl carbamate, NHzCOaCHa is termed methyl carbamate;
- R and R' are alkyl radicals which may be the same or diiferent and of which N-nitro N-b'utyl urethan; N-nitro N-isopropyl urethan;
- N-nitro N-ethyl urethan N-nitro N-methyl urethan and N-nitro N-butyl, butyl carbamate
- the incorporation is preferably eflected by mixing the addition agent directly with the fuel which may then be fed to the combustion zone of the engine in the usual manner.
- the agent may be introduced with the intake air in small amounts separate from the main fuel spray or may be injected a few degrees ahead of the main spray.
- the quantity of the agent to be added is advantageously in the order of one percent (1%) by weight of the fuel treated, although a greater or less quantity may be employed to effect a greater or less change in the cetane number of the fuel as may be desired.
- Flash Point P. M.- 203 F 113 F 23 F. Pom Point -.-l2 F -16 F -21. F. visms it (Baybolt). at v 85.2 secs. 35.6 secs".-- 85.4 secs. Water and Sediment--. nil niL- nil. flniini'. 0.22 0 0.21 Carbon Residue 0.01 V 0. 0. Cr 'bon Residueonlm 0.217, 0. a 1. nil. nil nil. Ocrrosion at 212 F--... Passea.-.-. Faust.-- Passes. Distillation P 582 F 683 F 684 F.
- a fuel for compression ignition engines comprising a hydrocarbon Diesel oil containing a small quantity, at least sufiicient to increase the cetane rating of said 011, of a material having the formula wherein R and R are alkyl radicals.
- a fuel for compression ignition engines c'omprising a hydrocarbon Diesel oil containing about.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
. Patented Mar. 2 3,
UNITED: STATES PATENT OFFICE DIESEL ENGINE FUELS Robert T. Pollock, New York, N. Y.
No Drawing.
2 Claims.
'l'hisi-invention relates to internal combustion engine fuels and relates more particularly to fuels for compression ignition engines and to methods and means for improving their ignition qualities.
Objects and advantages of the invention will.
be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the steps, compositions, combinations and improvements pointed out in the appended claims.
The invention consists in the novel steps, compositions, combinations and improvements herein described.
Objects of this invention are to make possible the raising of the'cetane number of fuels for compression ignition engines without lowering, or without substantial lowering of the flash point of the fuel and with some lowering of the pour point of the fuel; and, to accomplish the foregoing through the use of an addition agent or additive material which is stable and will not decompose under normal storage conditions, which is non-toxic and non-explosive and is non-inflammable at room temperature and which is liquid even at very low temperatures such, for example, as -60 F. .and which does not increase NHsCOaR wherein R is an alkyl group. Where R above is the ethyl group, Cal-Is, the resulting ethyl carbamate, NHzCOzEb, is commonly termed urethane. However, where R above is analkyl group other than the ethyl group, e. g., methyl, propyl, butyl, etc., it is customary to identify the alkyl carbamate by reference to the particular alkyl group employed. Thus, the alkyl carbamate, NHzCOaCHa, is termed methyl carbamate; the
Application January 20,1945, Serial No. 573,812
alkyl carbamate, NHzCOzCsHl, is termed. propyl V carbamate; the alkyl carbamate, NH2CO2C4H9, is termed butyl carbamate, and so on. To the accomplishment of the foregoing ends 5 and objects andin accordance with this invention, there is incorporated in a hydrocarbon oil constituting the fuel whose cetane rating is to be raised a small quantity of an addition agent, having the formula:
wherein R and R' are alkyl radicals which may be the same or diiferent and of which N-nitro N-b'utyl urethan; N-nitro N-isopropyl urethan;
N-nitro N-ethyl urethan; N-nitro N-methyl urethan and N-nitro N-butyl, butyl carbamate,
are typical.
The incorporation is preferably eflected by mixing the addition agent directly with the fuel which may then be fed to the combustion zone of the engine in the usual manner. Alternatively, the agent may be introduced with the intake air in small amounts separate from the main fuel spray or may be injected a few degrees ahead of the main spray.
The quantity of the agent to be added is advantageously in the order of one percent (1%) by weight of the fuel treated, although a greater or less quantity may be employed to effect a greater or less change in the cetane number of the fuel as may be desired.
As may be seen by reference to the following table of comparative data of a typical Diesel engine fuel in 9. treated and untreated state, the presence of a small quantity of the addition agent results in the treated fuel having a materially higher cetane number than the neat fuel. This increase in the cetane number is accompllshed without reduction in the flash point of the fuel, or at most with a relatively minor lowering of the flash point. A corollary advantage, moreover, resides in the fact that the pour point 3 of the fuel is lowered thus improving the utility of the fuel for general industrial and military 1 Ne t l'uel N f in ea M 1% Add. 2% 'Add.
Flash Point (P. M.)- 203 F 113 F 23 F. Pom Point -.-l2 F -16 F -21. F. visms it (Baybolt). at v 85.2 secs. 35.6 secs".-- 85.4 secs. Water and Sediment--. nil niL- nil. flniini'. 0.22 0 0.21 Carbon Residue 0.01 V 0. 0. Cr 'bon Residueonlm 0.217, 0. a 1. nil. nil nil. Ocrrosion at 212 F--... Passea.-.-. Faust.-- Passes. Distillation P 582 F 683 F 684 F.
(N. P. A 4 5 4 5 4.5. Octane Number 89 50 ,66. Diesel index 42.4. .7- 40.8.
Poin 132.8" F.-.-. 182.8 F 131.9 F Gravity 81.9. .4 80.9. Temperature Distilla- 1 113 .P 420 F 435" F 428 F 5% oil 448 F 467 F 454 F 455 F 465' F 404 F.
470 F 477 F 478 F.
40 493 F 406 F 406 F.
60 517 F 517 F 621 F.
7 532 F 532' F 632 F.
so m F 550 F 564 F, I 90. 582 F 583 F 684 F.
95. 608 F 618 F 610 F.
E Pi: 640 F inc-18%---. sic-98.6%.
In the foregoing table the addition agent employed is N-nitro N.-butyl urethan and it will be messes observed that the addition of 1% wt. of this compound (col. I11 raised the'cetane number of the neat fuel (col. 1) from 39 to the. generally recognised permissible minimum of 50. A further addition of 1% (col. III) raised the cetane num-' ber still further to above the permissible mini:
. mum, without degradation of the flash point and with a further beneficial lowering of the pour point. a v
Other members of the class having the general formula above mentioned exhibit the same general beneficial properties with variations in minor iegree and are equally suitable for the purpose.
Number The invention in its broader aspects is not limitedto the specific steps, compositions, combinar tions and improvements described but departures may be'made' therefrom within the scope of the accompanyingclaims without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its. chief advantages.
WhatIclaimis: f
1. A fuel for compression ignition engines comprising a hydrocarbon Diesel oil containing a small quantity, at least sufiicient to increase the cetane rating of said 011, of a material having the formula wherein R and R are alkyl radicals. 2. A fuel for compression ignition engines c'omprising a hydrocarbon Diesel oil containing about.
1% by weight of a material having the formula 1 wherein R and R. are allwlradicals.
The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
' UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 2,274,629 Ellis Feb. 24, 1942 2,274,665 Clark Mar. 3, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 405,658 Great Britain Feb. 5', 1934
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US573812A US2438452A (en) | 1945-01-20 | 1945-01-20 | Diesel engine fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US573812A US2438452A (en) | 1945-01-20 | 1945-01-20 | Diesel engine fuels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2438452A true US2438452A (en) | 1948-03-23 |
Family
ID=24293487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US573812A Expired - Lifetime US2438452A (en) | 1945-01-20 | 1945-01-20 | Diesel engine fuels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2438452A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2592435A (en) * | 1949-05-14 | 1952-04-08 | Shell Dev | Decomposition product deposit reduction |
| US2842433A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1958-07-08 | Texas Co | Motor fuel composition |
| US2879230A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1959-03-24 | Texas Co | Motor lubricating oil composition |
| US2885274A (en) * | 1956-12-11 | 1959-05-05 | Texas Co | Motor fuel composition |
| US2927012A (en) * | 1957-12-18 | 1960-03-01 | Gulf Research Development Co | Fuel oil composition |
| US4105417A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1978-08-08 | Coon Marvin D | Fuel additive |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB405658A (en) * | 1932-08-05 | 1934-02-05 | Donald Albert Howes | Improvements in or relating to fuel oil |
| US2274629A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1942-02-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Nitro-type ignition promotor for diesel fuels |
| US2274665A (en) * | 1938-10-11 | 1942-03-03 | Texas Co | Diesel fuel |
-
1945
- 1945-01-20 US US573812A patent/US2438452A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB405658A (en) * | 1932-08-05 | 1934-02-05 | Donald Albert Howes | Improvements in or relating to fuel oil |
| US2274665A (en) * | 1938-10-11 | 1942-03-03 | Texas Co | Diesel fuel |
| US2274629A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1942-02-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Nitro-type ignition promotor for diesel fuels |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2592435A (en) * | 1949-05-14 | 1952-04-08 | Shell Dev | Decomposition product deposit reduction |
| US2842433A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1958-07-08 | Texas Co | Motor fuel composition |
| US2879230A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1959-03-24 | Texas Co | Motor lubricating oil composition |
| US2885274A (en) * | 1956-12-11 | 1959-05-05 | Texas Co | Motor fuel composition |
| US2927012A (en) * | 1957-12-18 | 1960-03-01 | Gulf Research Development Co | Fuel oil composition |
| US4105417A (en) * | 1974-04-11 | 1978-08-08 | Coon Marvin D | Fuel additive |
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