US1982277A - Motor fuel and method of preparing same - Google Patents
Motor fuel and method of preparing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1982277A US1982277A US532707A US53270731A US1982277A US 1982277 A US1982277 A US 1982277A US 532707 A US532707 A US 532707A US 53270731 A US53270731 A US 53270731A US 1982277 A US1982277 A US 1982277A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitroso
- gum
- motor fuel
- preparing same
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
Definitions
- Recently a careful study of gum formation has been made by petroleum chemists-and several organic compounds have been found which, when added n small quantities to low boiling hydrocarbon oil, will retard or inhibit gum formation for periods of time varying with the nature of the compound, the oil, and other conditions.
- Another testing method consists of adding oxygen under pressure to the sample of the low boiling hydrocarbon oil to be tested in a closed vessel, and then keeping the oil at elevated temperature of say 100 C. under a pressure of oxygen of say 100 lbs. per square inch. For a certain time the pressure remains practically constant,
- the induction period The period of time during which no. pressure drop is observed.
- the test just described quicker and more 0 reliable, and gives more readily reproducible data, than the copper dish method.
- the I. P. number of an inhibitor will accordingly be used herein as a measure of its value. It will be understood, however, that the inhibitors of the present invention may be rated according to the copper dish method, or other suitable method, and will show a corresponding value. Moreover, these inhibitors .are effective in actual storage tests, that is, when added to naphtha stored in thetanks of refineries or distributors.
- aromatic nitroso compounds and such mixed derivatives as nitroso phenols and nitroso amines are good "gum inhibitors.
- mixed derivatives such as nitroso amines or nitroso phenols
- Many suitable nitroso derivatives exist such as dinitroso resorcinol, nitrosonaphthol, para-nitroso dimethyl aniline; alpha-nitroso beta-naphthol, beta-nitroso alpha-naphthol, etc.
- Some of the aromatic derivatives containing a nitroso group may also impart color to the naphtha, and dyes containing the nitroso group may also be used.
- Compounds of the class described above will give an eflicient protection against gum formation in a gasoline during ordinary storage for a long period of time when added in amounts of from 0.0005 to 0.1% by weight of the oil. The necessary amounts are best determined empirically.
- Compounds of the type described are in general sufiiciently oil soluble and may be readily distributed uniformly throughout even large bodies of oil by simple mixing. If desirable they may be dissolved in benzene or other suitable solvent from which they will not be readily precipitated by access of moisture. The solution so prepared may be mixed with the oil.
- Dimethyl ani line is a comparatively poor gum inhibitor which has an I. P. number of 35.
- Para-nitroso dimethyl aniline is a good gum inhibitor having an I. P. number of 250.
- a motor fuel comprising cracked gasoline normally tending to deteriorate and farm gum, and containing a small quantity of a gum inhibiting agent selected from the group consisting of dinitroso polyhydroxy benzenes, nitroso naphthols wherein the nitroso .and hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, and a.
- a gum inhibiting agent selected from the group consisting of dinitroso polyhydroxy benzenes, nitroso naphthols wherein the nitroso .and hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, and a.
- a motor fuel comprising cracked gasoline which normally tends to deteriorate and form gum upon storage and containing 'a small quantity of a'nitroso aniline in quantity suflicient to retard such deterioration and gum formation.
- a motor fuel comprising cracked gasoline normally tending to deteriorate and forin gum upon storage and'containing a small quantity of a nitroso naphthol selected from the group consisting of alpha-nitroso-beta naphthol and beta-nitroso-alpha naphthol.
- a cracked naphtha normally tending to form gum during storage and stabilized against gum formation by the addition of 0.0005 to 0.1
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 27, I934 UNITED STATES PATENT or 1,982,277 F ICE 1,982,277 MOTOR FUEL AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME Y Carl Winning, Elizabeth, N. J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Gasoline Antioxidant Company, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing, Application April 24, 1931, Serial lWo. 532,707
industry that low boiling hydrocarbon oils such naphtha;
Naphthas containing large quantities of gum, or constituents tending to form gum during storage, are objectionable for many purposes, such as for motor fuels, light solvents, etc. Recently a careful study of gum formation has been made by petroleum chemists-and several organic compounds have been found which, when added n small quantities to low boiling hydrocarbon oil, will retard or inhibit gum formation for periods of time varying with the nature of the compound, the oil, and other conditions.
The usual test for such gum forming constitucats is known as the copper dish method and is described on page 96 of the United States Bureau of .MinesTechnical Paper No. 323 D, revised October 21, 1927. The result of this test is expressed in milligrams of gum left in the dish on evaporation of 100 cc. of naphtha.
Another testing method consists of adding oxygen under pressure to the sample of the low boiling hydrocarbon oil to be tested in a closed vessel, and then keeping the oil at elevated temperature of say 100 C. under a pressure of oxygen of say 100 lbs. per square inch. For a certain time the pressure remains practically constant,
then it begins to drop suddenly. This drop is observed on a pressure gage. The period of time during which no. pressure drop is observed is called the induction period. The
longer this induction period, the better is the particular oil tested, and the less likely it is to form gum during storage.
An approximate quantitative relation for the gum inhibiting power of a certain inhibitor may .50 be expressed by the following equation:
SB 1 I.P.B--X6 where I. P.=inhibiting power S=i nduction period of solution ,B=induction period of blank or solvent C=concentration of the inhibitor in by weight. v
The test just described quicker and more 0 reliable, and gives more readily reproducible data, than the copper dish method. The I. P. number of an inhibitor will accordingly be used herein as a measure of its value. It will be understood, however, that the inhibitors of the present invention may be rated according to the copper dish method, or other suitable method, and will show a corresponding value. Moreover, these inhibitors .are effective in actual storage tests, that is, when added to naphtha stored in thetanks of refineries or distributors. The
oxidation test described herein gives an accelerated indication ofthe performance to be expected during storage.
I have discovered that aromatic nitroso compounds and such mixed derivatives as nitroso phenols and nitroso amines are good "gum inhibitors. When mixed derivatives such as nitroso amines or nitroso phenols are used it is preferable to have the amino or hydroxyl in the para or ortho position to the nitroso group. Many suitable nitroso derivatives exist such as dinitroso resorcinol, nitrosonaphthol, para-nitroso dimethyl aniline; alpha-nitroso beta-naphthol, beta-nitroso alpha-naphthol, etc. Some of the aromatic derivatives containing a nitroso group may also impart color to the naphtha, and dyes containing the nitroso group may also be used.
Compounds of the class described above will give an eflicient protection against gum formation in a gasoline during ordinary storage for a long period of time when added in amounts of from 0.0005 to 0.1% by weight of the oil. The necessary amounts are best determined empirically. Compounds of the type described are in general sufiiciently oil soluble and may be readily distributed uniformly throughout even large bodies of oil by simple mixing. If desirable they may be dissolved in benzene or other suitable solvent from which they will not be readily precipitated by access of moisture. The solution so prepared may be mixed with the oil.
-The following example will illustrate the improvement obtained in gum inhibitors by the introduction of a nitroso group. Dimethyl ani line is a comparatively poor gum inhibitor which has an I. P. number of 35. Para-nitroso dimethyl aniline, on the other hand, is a good gum inhibitor having an I. P. number of 250.
My invention is not to be limited by any theory nor by the examples given as illustrations but only'by the following claims in which it is {my intention to claim all novelty inherent in my invention.
I claim:
1. A motor fuel. comprising cracked gasoline normally tending to deteriorate and farm gum, and containing a small quantity of a gum inhibiting agent selected from the group consisting of dinitroso polyhydroxy benzenes, nitroso naphthols wherein the nitroso .and hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, and a.
nitroso aniline.
2. The method of preserving cracked hydrocarbon distillates which deteriorate and develop gum on storage, by incorporating therein a small proportion of an organic reducing agent selected from the. group consisting of dinitroso polyhy- 'droxy benzenes, nitroso naphthols wherein the nitroso and hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, and a nitroso aniline.
3. A motor fuel comprising cracked gasoline which normally tends to deteriorate and form gum upon storage and containing 'a small quantity of a'nitroso aniline in quantity suflicient to retard such deterioration and gum formation.v
4. A motor fuel comprising cracked gasoline normally tending to deteriorate and forin gum upon storage and'containing a small quantity of a nitroso naphthol selected from the group consisting of alpha-nitroso-beta naphthol and beta-nitroso-alpha naphthol.
5. A cracked naphtha normally tending to form gum during storage and stabilized against gum formation by the addition of 0.0005 to 0.1
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US532707A US1982277A (en) | 1931-04-24 | 1931-04-24 | Motor fuel and method of preparing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US532707A US1982277A (en) | 1931-04-24 | 1931-04-24 | Motor fuel and method of preparing same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1982277A true US1982277A (en) | 1934-11-27 |
Family
ID=24122828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US532707A Expired - Lifetime US1982277A (en) | 1931-04-24 | 1931-04-24 | Motor fuel and method of preparing same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1982277A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2485696A (en) * | 1945-09-26 | 1949-10-25 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Motor fuel |
US2514018A (en) * | 1948-08-31 | 1950-07-04 | Shell Dev | Fuel compositions |
US2555509A (en) * | 1947-04-29 | 1951-06-05 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Stabilization of organic compounds |
-
1931
- 1931-04-24 US US532707A patent/US1982277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2485696A (en) * | 1945-09-26 | 1949-10-25 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Motor fuel |
US2555509A (en) * | 1947-04-29 | 1951-06-05 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Stabilization of organic compounds |
US2514018A (en) * | 1948-08-31 | 1950-07-04 | Shell Dev | Fuel compositions |
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