US2500109A - Toggle means for jaw crushers - Google Patents

Description

March 7, 1950 Y QL|NG 2,500,109

TOGGLE MEANS FOR JAW CRUSHERS Filed March 7, 1946 mm Donald/{Young A ORNEYS Patented Mar. 7, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TOGGLE MEANS FORJAW CRUSHERS Donald Hibbard Young, Manhasset, N. Y.

Application March '7, 1946, Serial No. 652,537

3 Claims. 1

This invention is concerned with improvements in jaw crushers employed for breaking stone, ore orsimilarmaterials. Aheretoforecommonformof machine for such purposes, such as is illustrated in general by the United States Patent to Mitchell No. 947,667 of January 25, 1910, embodies a pair of opposed jaws inclined relative to each other in the form of a chute, one of the jaws being movable and supported and operated by an eccentric adjacent to the upper end and a toggle plate adjacent the lower end. Rotation of the eccentric produces a compound motion including successive crushing impulses at the upper and lower portions of the movable jaw, the number of impulses at the bottom being equal to the number of impulses at the top.

This action in the prior devices results in breaking a greater weight of material near the upper ends of the jaws than can be further broken into the smaller pieces near the lower ends in the same period. This results further in the retention of material above the lower ends of the jaws which is too large to pass when the jaws open, which in turn retards and prevents the suitably smaller material thereabove from being discharged. As a consequence, the output of the crusher is limited by the amount of material which can be broken near and discharged between the lower ends of the jaws. Also, ma-

terial of a size suitable to be discharged but which 1 is retained by the interference of larger material will be subjected to further breaking or attrition, producing an unwanted quantity of fine material and dust. Considerable work is expended, therefore, in producing a quantity of non-useful material.

The present invention serves to remedy these undesirable characteristics by a simple inexpensive arrangement capable of delivering a greater number of crushing impulses at the lower end than are delivered at the upper end of the same jaw means in the same period. Specifically, the invention provides an improved form of toggle having a plurality of pivotal bearings with corresponding effective lever arms which, in the rocking motion of the toggle, alternately come into play, each imparting a forward impulse to the movable jaw during each cycle. The net effect is a plurality of intermittent impulses at the lower end of the jaws for each impulse at the upper end. As a result, the lower end has a capacity for handling the material and performing useful work comparable to that at the upper end, and clogging is eliminated or substantially reduced. The machine as a whole is capable of delivering a greater amount of the desired size of broken material and with a reduced proportion of unwanted fines and dust.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combination of elements and an arrangement of toggle means which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a jaw crusher embodying the features of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the particular toggle means employed in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the successive positions of the movable jaw in a complete cycle;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to that of Fig. 1 but showing the toggle of Fig. l reversed as to position;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but showing a modified form of toggle means; and

Fig. 6 is a view likewise similar to Fig. 4 but showing a still different type of toggle means.

Only so much of the machine is shown in Fig. 1 as is necessary for an understanding of the principles of the invention, the machine in general being of a common well known type such as disclosed by the above-noted patent, No. 947,667. It may be briefly explained here, however, that the machines of such character embody a stationary jaw and a movable jaw inclined with respect to the stationary jaw so as to form a chute, with the space between the jaws gradually decreasing toward the bottom. The upper end of the jaw is mounted on a power driven crank, the lower part of the movable jaw being held against a rockable toggle plate.

The cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 shows, in general, such a type of machine and accordingly includes a stationary jaw 10, which may be provided with a hardened wear plate H, and a movable jaw 12, which likewise may be provided with a hardened wear plate 13. Either one or both of the two plates may be provided with corrugations or surface configurations in accordance with conventional practice. The upper end of the movable jaw I2 is supported on and operated from a crank means in the form of an eccentric 14 secured on or integral with the rotary drive shaft l5, the drive shaft being provided machine includes a back supporting frame partv and a reinforcing support plate 2|.

As thus far described, the machine'issubstantially conventional. In accordance with the present invention, however, the machine here illustrated embodies means for imparting a greater number of crushing impulses to the lower portion of the movable jaw l2 than are imparted at the top portion in the same period of time. In the specific form-shown in Fig. 1, this comprises'a toggle plate means having a forward bearing nose- 26, the rear portion' being bifurcated to form an upper leg 21 anda lower leg 28, each provided with a bearing nose adapted to be received respectively in the recesses and 3! of the supporting plate 2!. The movable jaw I2 is constantly urged into engagement with the toggle plate 25 and it, in turn, against the supporting plate 2| by means of the link 32 pivoted at 33 to the movable jaw and extending back through an opening in the rear wall, being provided exteriorly thereof with a compression spring 34, the force of which may be adjusted by a suitable nut means 35. As shown, means is employed and it correspondingly occupies a position intermediate of the ends of the toggle plate 25 and, as shown particularly in Fig. 2, a slot 36 is provided to receive the rod 32'. As Fig. 2 also shows, the toggle plate has considerable length in the direction of the axis-of shaft ii of the machine, which may bevaried but, for'purposes of strength and-balance, itslength preferably aproaches at leastthe width of the jaw l2.

Each of the legs 2'! and'28 preferably has acurved i configuration in. cross-section whereby it may further deflect and break upon excessive compression forces and thereby act as a safety factor. It is to be understood that the complete-machine may embody other details of construction and refinements the details of which need not be illustratedhere, as, forexample, the rear'toggle supporting meansmay beadjustable to vary the opening at the bottom-of the chute and accordin ly the size ofthe pieces'of the delivered'material.

As diagrammatically shown in-Fig; 3, the rotation of the eccentric produces-a back and" forth motion of the movable jaw at the-top and also an up and down motion of the jaw which, in turn, causes the nose 26 of the toggle plate -25to move up and down, rocking the toggle plate as awhole, so that first one leg and-then the other .iereof becomesthe controlling element. In the upward movement the leg 21assumes a more nearly horizontal position, forcing the jaw tothe left, the leg 28 partially withdrawing from its recess in the supporting plate 2|, and in the downward movement the toggle is restored to the position shown, which is the furthest retracted position for the jaw 12, and continued downward movement (that is, ccunter clockwise rotation of the toggle) causes the leg ZIto withdraw partially from its recess and leg 28 becomes the controlling support, again forcing the jaw outwardly to one such compression the left. During a single revolution of shaft IS, the upper portion of jaw I2 has received one crushing impulse, the extreme forward position being shown, approximately at least, in Fig. 1. The lower portion of jaw l2 has received, however, two crushing impulses.

Referring to the details of Fig. 3, the eccentric is there shown in an initial full line position approximately 180" from that in Fig. l. The path of the center of't he crank pin .orJec'centric is indicated by the smaller or innermost broken line circle 40, and the supporting shaft by the broken line circle M. The initial full line position is indicated at the respective points on the crank ,pin circle, at the upper and lower portions of the jaw and at the toggle by the numeral I. In this position the toggleplate 25 is fully seated on both legs and the top and bottom portions of the jaw are both in their fully retracted positions. Assuming the crank is rotating in a counter-clockwisedirection, at the end of the respective parts will be in the dotted line positions'indicated by the numeral 2, in which the top portion of the jaw-has been advanced to an intermediate forward position and the'bottom portion to a fully advanced' position. Continuing the rotation for another- 90 to the positions indicated by the numeral 3; the top portion of the jaw has been further advanced to-its extreme forward position and the bottom portion toits fully retracted position. Upon'a still further rotation of 90 to the position indicated'by the numeral 4, the top portion of the jaw will be moved back to an intermediate position and the bottom portion to an again fully advancedposition. A further rotation of 90 brings the parts back to the initial position I, as shown in full lines; It will be seen, therefore, that in one complete cycle or rotation of the shaft 15 the top portion of the jawwill have received one forward crushing impulse and the lower portion of thejaw two forward crushing impulses."

To produce the desired operation, the bearing points of the toggle plate seated in the recesses 3D and 3| should be spaced apart by a considerable distance; and theirangular positions about bear ing point 26-with'respect to the jaw' l2 should be such that, forexample, upon an upward swing from-the position shown in Fig. 1 as-determined bythe eccentric 14* the'lower portion of the jaw -2 will be forced out-the requisite distance, as distinguished from anarrangement in which the jaw would be caused to move in a path which was practically tangential to an are having a radius corresponding to'leg 21 of the toggleplate. This is also true as to the downward movement on leg 28of the toggle plate; Also, the two positions of maximum advance to the left should preferably be approximately the same; Similar results can lie-obtained by employing a toggle plate means having legs of different length provided the angular posit-ions for-each and the locationof the supports for the respective rear supports are properly chosen;

Various otherarrangements of toggle plate means may, be employedto achieve the result of producing a greater 'number of impulses at the bottomthan 'at'the top in a given cycle or period of time, and theratio may be varied from that of 2:1 provided by the particular means shown in Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 4 shows a toggle plate 45"sirnilar to that of'Fig. 1 but with the plate reversed as to position, so that the bifurcated ends engage with the'movable jaw l2 instead of with the supporting 'plate 2|. It will be understood, of course, that the bifurcated or V- shape employed in these two fi ures may comprise, instead, a substantially triangular shape, and the legs 65a and may be different as to length to suit the particular position occupied.

A similar result to that above described may be obtained by employing a toggle plate means which is rectangular in cross-section or in the shape of an X, as shown at 46 in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows a still further illustrative variation, in which the toggle plate means is composed of two separate plate sections 41 and d3. In this case the recesses 69 and 50 for each side or edge surface of the toggle plate elements should be of sufiicient depth to insure that either plate section does not slip out of place when in the rotation of the eccentric one section becomes effective and the other is freed.

It is to be understood that the drawings and the above description are illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that certain changes may be made in the construction and different embodiments of the invention could be made within such principles, and it is intended accordingly that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a jaw crusher, a pair of opposed jaws one of which is movable, said jaws on their opposed front sides being spaced apart and downwardly inclined with respect to each other to form a chute with the space therebetween decreasing in width toward the bottom thereof, crank means operative on the upper portion of said movable jaw about a substantially horizontal axis to cause that jaw to be swung periodically back away and forth toward the other jaw, a toggle means extending substantially parallel to the axis of said crank means and having only a single bearing means on one side thereof extending longitudinally thereof and engaging the back side of and supporting the lower portion of said movable jaw, and a relatively fixed supporting member located rearwardly of and adapted to support said toggle means, said toggle means being provided at the rear side with a plurality of longitudinally extending bearing means laterally spaced a substantial distance from each other and proportioned and arranged with respect to the throw of said crank means and said single bearing means to effect alternate engagement of said supporting member by said spaced bearing means and thereby to impart a plurality of crushing impulses to the lower portion of the movable jaw for each crushing impulse at the upper portion thereof.

2. In a jaw crusher, a pair of opposed jaws one of which is movable, said jaws on their opposed front sides being spaced apart and downwardly inclined with respect to each other to form a chute with the space therebetween decreasing in width toward the bottom thereof, a crank means rotatable about a substantially horizontal fixed axis pivotally supporting the upper portion of said movable jaw, a rigid toggle means extending across the back side of said movable jaw to support the lower portion of the latter and having only a single bearing means on the jaw-contacting side thereof arranged longitudinally substantially along a line substantially parallel to the crank aXis and a pair of major longitudinally-extending bearing means on the opposite side thereof appreciably spaced apart in a direction substantially normal to the crank axis with each of the latter bearing means being arranged along a line substantially parallel to the crank axis, means on the back side of said movable jaw providing a bearing surface for the single toggle bearing means, a relatively fixed supporting member located rearwardly of and adapted to be engaged by and support said toggle means the parts being constructed and proportioned with relation to the throw of said crank means to effect alternate engagement of said supporting member by said spaced apart toggle bearing means as said toggle means is rocked with rotation of said crank means.

3. In a jaw crusher, a pair of opposed jaws one of which comprises a movable jaw member, said jaws at their opposed front sides being spaced apart and downwardly inclined with respect to each other to form a chute with the space therebetween decreasing in width toward the bottom thereof, crank means rotatable about a substantially horizontal fixed axis pivotally supporting the upper portion of said movable jaw member, a normally fixed supporting member located rearwardly of said movable jaw member, and an elongated toggle part extending generally parallel to the crank axis interposed between the lower portion of said movable jaw member and said supporting member and adapted to engage both said members, said toggle being substantially triangular in cross section to provide an apex comprising one bearing means adapted to engage one of said members, and having diverging legs to provide a pair of laterally spaced bearing means adapted to engage the other of said members, the legs being constructed and arranged with respect to each other and the associated said members and the throw of said crank means whereby rotation of said crank rocks said toggle and said legs are alternately effective to support and determine the position of the lower part of said movable jaw member and a plurality of crushing impulses are imparted to the lower portion thereof for each crushing impulse at the upper portion thereof.

DONALD HIBBARD YOUNG.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 122,832 Hope Jan. 16, 1872 225,104 Brown Mar. 2, 1880 419,460 Krom Jan. 14, 1890 549,263 Welch Nov. 5, 1895 773,107 Wallace Oct. 25, 1904 947,667 Mitchell Jan. 25, 1910 1,098,105 Friedrich May 26, 1914 1,513,855 Phelps Nov. 4, 1924 1,611,128 Gunnison Dec. 14, 1926 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 112,680 Australia Mar. 6, 1941 4,510 Great Britain 1880 3,571 Great Britain 1882 11,052 Great Britain Aug. 8, 1884 1,632 Great Britain 1898 3,102 Great Britain 1901 495,053 Germany Apr. 2, 1930

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