US2494947A - Engine manifold construction - Google Patents

Description

.3. KUTTNER ENGINE MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION Jan. 17, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 16, 1946 /N l/E'N7"OR JIUS KUTTNER 147' TOR/VEY Jam W 19% J. KUTTNER ENGINE MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 16, 1946 fivmsvvrve JULIUS KUTTNER 3 MA 16.9%

Patented Jan. 17, 1950 ENGINEMANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION Julius mum Beloit', Wise; assignor: to F nbanks; Morse &-.Go-.-, ,Chicagmo,zIll.-, aicorporation- Thi'sfinventlon relates t to -fluid' flow manifolds and more-especially to exhaust gas manifolds.- for=*interna1 i combustion engines;

It isknown' tfia t the most-"satis'factory exhaust gasflow condition for an" internal combustion engine'is attained by an arrangement 'of individiial exhaust gas duetsfor" each" cylinder? However; practical manifolding installations dictate that' the several individnal duets be' combined so=as to reducethebulkand space'needs' of-alare'e number" of exhaustducts; A further pra'ctical"consideratlon to be accorded" manifoldinstallations is the" need of a noisesuppressor' unmufllra Wneredm dividual duct's areprovided a separate -mnifler" is" required for -eaclrdizct; but a manifold commom to all cylinders of the" engine' requires only" one muflier and; as a" result? the bulk-*oi=tlie'-installa tion is" thereby minimized:

Accordingly; animportant object oftheinven possessing.thedesirable.featurestof compactness;

with-1. individualitye ofi passageways to; the; extent found-bestsuitedztoethe needsiandxcharacteristicst Off thee engine-i with which; the; manifold; is: 345502' I ciated;

Gther: obj reside-s 1m theta/form; construction l and arrangement and; combinatiom of; means; W-hiChi wil-hfullyi carry: out? thes above stated& ob? jects to best advantage.

A" preferred-embodiment:of: the'spresent; inventionis'disclosed in -tti'e aocompanyingzdrawingdm wniem, V

Fig". 12 is a longitudinaliside'z elevational view-i of the improved manifold-*4 in; which' certain L dee tails areindicated in' broken section",

Fig. 2 1san=end elevaftionazlivievw-ofrtliemaniiolde together with a scl-i'ematic showing-0E an engines cylinder eormeoted' thereto;

F i'ga 3' is a; fragmentars transverse: sectional tioni's to'be'fonnd in the provision'of'an'improved view--- tliroug-l i tl'ie' manifold as L taken: along line'- manifold" having? tlie' advantages of distinct iri-v dividixal" exhaust? gasdilcts 'combinedfin'. a," pram tical manifoldwssemblywlimn requires a" minimum of space'for'its installatlbn andbutaislrrgl noise suppressorormuflfr:

Itis also anobject' oftliisfinventiontofprovide an improved? manifold" for" a multi cyllnder en=- gin'e; in which the manifold is-arrangedtb define initially separ'at'veand? di'stinct'fiowt passages m Fig; 4'-is astop plan view in longitudinal sec tion showing importantfatureseof the :maniiold massociation the engine cylinders; the

Fig; Sis a transversesectional elevational' view ofthe'manifold" as'seen along-"line-5 -5*of Fig: 4%

and?

Fig; 6 is? a further transverse sectional eleven-=- lead't'o .a' common fi'ow. passage"openingifronrthe' manifold, tli'e arrangement being? such thatttfe initially separate fi'ow passages have a generalf axial trend coincidentwith the axis'of theicom- Referrin now to the drawing: tiie present manifold assembly, "I ii i'siformedofan' upper cas= ing; section II liavingt'longitudinally extending? and nanny projcting. ,fianges i2 Welded thereto."

mon flow passage thereby resultinginacompabfi at'tlie Opposite diametricalimargins, a lower-casmanifold;

Another object resides: in the improved-I ar rangement of concentrically relatedliandielon'gatix hollow members providing" an annular space therebet'ween' for the reception off a" single'lieli 4o mgr-section: 13: also.- having. flanges: l4 similarly formed=-andtattachedsassin thecasetof'tliel upper section: H 7 present-embodiment; is; formed; with; a a plurality Cally formed bam; oremsert membermwhibh; in: of openmgssor portssliasspaced alongathe-ilengthtcombination with the concentric members; de; fi'nes a continuous. passage; and in, the further arrangement" of bafile means positioned to iii-T- terrupt the 'helically defined passageendprovid'er 4 separate and. distinct" passages" each extending from an" opening in one lrollow"member to" an opening'in' the other hollow member:

Another object resides in the improved ar= rangement of means definingseparate passages of helical conformation opening to* a commoncentral passage concentrically related therewitli andin position-to provide the axis' of revolu tion for the-*helica1 passages thereby-resulting in a" simple; easilyformedend assembled manifold and an exhaust-tube -21 extending therefromzton thereon. as shown iniFigs. landh i In transverse t sectionthe-rlocation'iofi ones-such part I tiissclearlyr shown-imFi-g; 5i Thea'numbert oftsuch portsis cylinders and: in: Fig.2 1;,theamanifold I Bas oon-- structedforflusewith a =fivercylindert engine,

With rparticularz; reference toLEi'gs: 1; 2 ,4: and: 5gthe spresentzmanifold l 0. is;positioned relativer 5mto engine: Eltoi extend longitudinallyxand: at one side ofrth'e-i. cylinders; I11 The?respectivescylins ders I] are: provided; with; an: exhaust gas; 001; lector box-.1 l 8am which a olosurei plate: I 9 is; suite a bly securedieach plate havingimports! 0 (Eig: 5);-

Ti'ie: loweri casing section,-. in. the;

oi .:course; dependent upon theinumb'er of t engine welded connection with a corresponding port l of the manifold. Each tube 2| is shown in Fig. 4 to have a convergent section in plan, and in Fig. 5 to have a uniform section in elevation. Any other configuration may be employed, however, to meet the conditions of engine-manifold assembly. It is particularly important to observe that each exhaust tube 2| joins with its respective manifold port It for directing the exhaust gas flow in a tangential direction relative to the axis of the manifold casing sections II and I3.

The manifold assembly further includes an interior exhaust gas collecting conduit which is exemplified by the tubular number 22 (Figs. 4 and 5) concentrically disposed within the casing sections H and l3 and extending the length thereof. Thus the casing sections and the member 22 coact to define an annular chamber 23 into which the exhaust gas flow from each cylinder tube 2| is tangentially directed. As the exhaust gas stream enters the annular space or chamber 23 from each tube 2| at port I5, it not only follows a tangential path therein but is simultaneously directed along a helical path by means of the baifle member 24 (Fig. 4) which extends continuously along the length of the manifold chamber 23 and is helically formed to define a flow path between the flights of the baffle for exhaust gas, as indicated by the arrows.

Beginning with the left hand cylinder IT in Fig. 4, it will be noted that an initial flow directing bafile plate 25 is secured between the adjacent flights of the helical baffle member 24 to provide an interior continuation of the engine exhaust tube 2| for confining the flow of exhaust gas tangentially inwardly and below the collector conduit 22. Following the arrows, the exhaust gas flow follows the helical path around the conduit 22 and between the bafile flights for approximately two and one half revolutions or until it reaches a cut-01f baifie plate 26, at which zone the 001180- tor conduit 22 is provided with a port 21 (Fig. 6) for admitting the exhaust gas stream in teriorly thereof. At approximately a one quarter revolution beyond the cut-off baffle plate 26, a second flow directing baflie plate 25a is secured between the flights of the helical member 24'for directing the exhaust gas stream from the next cylinder ll into a distinctly separate path which is substantially similar to that for the first cylinder. The second stream also makes two and one half revolutions about the member 22 and is directed through a port 21a by cut-off baffle plate 26a into the common conduit member 22 where it joins the first stream for eventual exhaust as is indicated by the arrows.

This arrangement of directing baffles 25 and cut-off baffles 26 within the helical passage formed by the member 24 together with the exhaust ports 2'! in conduit 22 is repeated for each cylinder of the engine E, and accordingly the last such arrangement of baflles and ports may be identified by the reference characters 25X, 26X and 21X respectively. Thus, each cylinder of the engine E is provided with a distinctly separate exhaust gas flow passage within the manifold assembly, and each such stream follows a helical course which may have any desired length but which is desirably compacted within a single manifold of the character disclosed. The present embodiment shows that each such helical course makes two and one half revolutions of the conduit 22 before reaching the common collecting passage within the same. A longer or shorter flow path may be provided by repositioning the cut-off bafiles, by increasing the pitch of the helical bafile flights, or by any combination of either variable factor.

Turning now to the details of construction of the present manifold, it will be observed in Figs. 1 and 4, that the casing sections H and i3 are closed at one end (the right hand end in Fig. 4) by a removable cover 30 secured to flanges 28 on each section, and that the opposite end carries a cover 3i secured to flanges 29 and having a central aperture 32 to receive a tail pipe 33 leading away from the manifold to a muffler (not shown) or to a point of exhaust. Each cover carries a pair of lugs 34 located in diametrically spaced relation and at one side of the true diameter thereof (see Figs. 5 and 6). When the conduit 22 is positioned within the casing sections H and I3, a pair of diametrically spaced lugs, 35 welded thereto and located to one side of the true diameter abut the lugs 34 and prevent relative turning movement therebetween. Prior to positionment of the conduit 22 within the casing sections ii and it, the helical baffle member 24, with its several balile plates 25 and 26 are secured in assembly on the conduit. The manifold assembly may then be completed by the attachment of the individual exhaust tubes 2| and plates l9 to afford a unitary structure adapted for ready securement to the engine exhaust gas boxes l8. The tail pipe 33, having a flange 36, may then be mounted on cover plate 3| as shown in Fig. 4.

An alternate arrangement of the tailpipe assembly is indicated in Fig. 4 wherein the covers 3| and 38 may be interchanged to provide for reverse exhaust gas discharge from tailpipe 33a, shown in phantom. The varying engine installation provisions may at times require the location of the tailpipe at one end and at other times at the opposite end. Hence, the removable and interchangeable character of covers 30 and 3| will facilitate and make this variation feasible.

A further feature of the present manifold includes the provision of fluid cooling means in the nature of jacket sections 38 and 39 secured to the casing sections II and 53 respectively (Fig. 1). It may not be necessary, in all cases, to have manifold cooling, but where such cooling is desired or necessary the present jacket will provide adequate cooling thereof. The respective jackets 38 and 39 are formed and secured to the respective casing sections I and i3 as indicated in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 to define fluid flow chambers 40 and 4| which are placed in communication at a plurality of zones by transfer box means 42 (Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 6). Each transfer box 42 includes an upper section 43 open to the chamber 40 through a suitable port 44 formed in the upper jacket side wall, and a lower section 43 open to the lower jacket chamber 4| by means of port 43. Registering apertures 41 and 48 in the flanges l2 and M of the casing sections H and i3 respectively serve to conduct the cooling fluid between the transfer box sections 43 and 45. As may be seen in Fig. 1 an inlet tube 49 for cooling fluid and an outlet tube therefor are provided for connection with the upper jacket 38 near opposite ends thereof. The cooling fluid flow into the lower jacket is by gravity through certain of the transfer boxes 42 and by pressure lift to the outlet 50 through others of such boxes 42.

Having now fully described a preferred, but not the only embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated that the engine exhaust gas from each cylinder is initially treated as though a separate exhaust pipe were provided, and that 76 a desired degree .of exhaust conduit length is obtained. Thus a nearly ideal arrangement is achieved without materially increasing the space requirements therefore by the improved arrangement of concentric members having a plurality of helically defined and distinctly separate flow paths, extending from inlet to outlet. The resulting compactness of manifold and the further provision of an exhaust gas tailpipe of interchangeability, end for end results in an engine installation arrangement having great flexibility as to space required and location. The present manifold has been described as for exhaust gas fiow from an internal combustion engine, but it will be appreciated that it may have other uses and that the direction of fluid flow through the separate helical paths may be reversed if desired for adaption of the manifold to such other uses.

Certain variants and modifications may come to mind in view of the foregoing disclosure, and it is the aim to include such variants and modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A manifold comprising a tubular conduit having a plurality of longitudinally spaced ports formed therein, a casing surrounding said conduit, means for closing the ends of said casing to provide a closed chamber between said conduit and casing, said casing having a plurality of longitudinally spaced ports formed therein, a continuous bafile member of helical conformation disposed in the chamber to provide a helical passageway extending the length thereof, the pitch of said helical baffle being selected such that said ports open between adjacent flights thereof, a first set of baifie elements positioned one adjacent each of said casing ports, and a second set of baffle elements positioned one adjacent each of said conduit ports, said baflle member and sets of bafile elements serving, with the walls of said casing and conduit, to define distinctly separate passageway sections of a predetermined length between adjacent casing ports, each being closed intermediate its ends, but extending between a port in said casing and a port in said conduit and each being of substantially equal length.

2. A manifold structure comprising a conduit open at its ends, of uniform cross-section throughout its length and providing longitudinally spaced ports; a casing providing longitudinally spaced ports and surrounding said conduit in spaced relation to form an elongate annular chamber therewith; a continuous and helically formed baffle member disposed in the annular chamber to define a helical passageway along the length of the manifold, the pitch of the helix and the spacing of said conduit and easing ports being such as to locate each of said ports between adjacent fiights of the baflle member; a first set of baffle elements extending between adjacent flights of the baffle member and each such element being located adjacent a casing port; a second set of bafile elements extending between adjacent flights of the baffie member and each such element being located adjacent a conduit port, said baflle memher and sets of bafiie elements cooperating to define distinctly separate helical passages of a predetermined length between adjacent casing ports, and each passage being closed intermediate its ends but extending from a casing port as an inlet to a conduit port as an outlet; means closing one end of the annular chamber between said casing and conduit; and other means closing the opposite end of the annular chamber and the adjacent end of said conduit.

JULIUS KUTTNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,034,119 Shebat Mar. 1'7, 1936 2,211,795 Sauer Aug. 20, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 772,076 France Aug. 6, 1934 782,076 France Mar. 11, 1935 342,257 Great Britain Jan. 26', 1931

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