US2492425A - Spinning artificial filaments - Google Patents
Spinning artificial filaments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2492425A US2492425A US612582A US61258245A US2492425A US 2492425 A US2492425 A US 2492425A US 612582 A US612582 A US 612582A US 61258245 A US61258245 A US 61258245A US 2492425 A US2492425 A US 2492425A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- cellulose
- filament
- viscose
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 38
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 29
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229940083608 sodium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229960003010 sodium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 sodium carbonate Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012571 Ficus glomerata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000365 Ficus racemosa Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100257011 Mus musculus Skil gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HLXRWTJXGMHOFN-XJSNKYLASA-N Verbenalin Chemical class O([C@@H]1OC=C([C@H]2C(=O)C[C@H](C)[C@H]21)C(=O)OC)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HLXRWTJXGMHOFN-XJSNKYLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005546 furfural resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LLWJPGAKXJBKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue B Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=[NH+]C1=CC=CC=C1 LLWJPGAKXJBKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/14—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes forming integral skin on a foamed product
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel hollow filaments of regenerated cellulose, products formed therefrom, and to processes for producing the same.
- hollow regenerated cellulose filaments of the prior art have had a common characteristic in that they have been tubular in cross-section, comprising either a hollow continuous canal, or a plurality of individual voids or lumens each taking up the entire cross-section area of the filament and spaced end to end along the length of the filament by transverse partitions.
- the hollow filaments of the prior art have numerous disadvantages. Most importantly, such filaments have extremely low tensile strength and extensibility, and, further, readily undergo considerable permanent collapse dur ing manufacture, such as when they are passed over guides, about the godets, and under their own pressure as they are being collected on bobbins or in spinning buckets.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the filaments of our invention
- Figure 2 is a View taken along the length of the new filaments
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dyed filaments, the skin only being dyed.
- our new filaments have in cross-section, a cellular type structure, the cross-section area being occupied by a plurality of partitions 2 which separate and define a plurality of voids or lumens 3.
- the partitions 2 radiate irregularly from a point or points 4 within the filament, and lay more or 5 less at random, and may have a regular or irregular contour, and the voids or lumens, which may vary in size from extremely small to much larger voids, are of varying shape, some being more elongated than others, for example, as determined by the contours of the dividing partitions.
- the voids 3 overlap one another and lie irregularly spaced along the fiber axis as shown in Figure 2.
- the separating partitions 2 present, as viewed in Fi ure 1, an essentially web-like configuration. All of the partitions radiate from a point within the filament but not necessarily all from the same point and the partitions may have a more or less complex shape constituted by a branched structure, one or more partitions branching off from one or more others which radiate from a common point, as shown in Figure l.
- the new filaments having the cellular type structure may be obtainedby extruding viscose containing a gas-developing substance, as for instance an alkali carbonate, such as sodium carbonate, into a high tenacity spinning bath which may contain a large. proportion, not less than about 5%, of an'in'organic salt of a polyvalent metal, which salt is soluble in concentrations of at least 5%'in' 6 to 15%sulfuric acid solutions.
- the salts which are useful for our purposes are inorganic acid salts of metals selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron, magnesium, chromium, cadmium, manganese, nickel and aluminum, as for instance, the sulfates of those metals.
- the salts mentioned in addition to zinc salts may be present in the spinning bath as substitutes for zinc sulfate, or they may be used in combination therewith.
- spinning baths containing about 1% of zinc sulfate and about 5% of ferrous sulfate are very satisfactory for our purposes.
- the spinning bath contains from 11.3 to 12.5% sulfuric acid; from 5 to 6% of the inorganic salt of a polyvalent metal; and from 21 to 25% sodium sulfate.
- the viscose should analyze from about 1.9 to about 2.5% total sulfur, from about 6 to 9% sodium hydroxide (based on percent Weight in viscose) from about 6 to 9% by weight cellulose, and should contain a large proportion of the gas-developing substance such as sodium carbonate, that is, from about 5 to 35% (based on the cellulose present).
- the viscose preferably should have a common salt (NaCl) point of from 5 to 6.
- the viscose may contain special modifying agents in addition to the sodium carbonate or other gas-developing substance, such as dyes, pigments, delustrants, etc.-, or any mixture of such materials,
- the spinning bath should have a temperature between 40 to 60 C.
- the immersion depends, to some extent, upon the denier of the filaments, longer immersion periods being productive of better results in the case of filaments of larger .total denier and denier 51391 filament.
- the filaments may'be given a stretch up to about 40 to 50% of their length, by passing them between godets or rollers operating at different speeds, or by means of any other equivalent stretching procedure, and preferably the filaments are stretched soon after leaving the coagulating medium.
- the stretching may be facilitated by passing the filaments through a plasticizing bath, such as hot water, hot acids, and the like.
- the various [factors involved in producing the fibers are correlated as indicated, and the various ingredients of the viscose and the spinning bath are 'used in proportions within the ranges stated, "but when the sodium carbonate is present'inthe viscose inthe'higher amounts, the sulfuric acid, metal sulfate, andsodium sulfate contents of "the spinning bath are not quite as critical as when the smaller quantities of sodium carbonate are employed.
- a viscose aged to'a common salt point of 5.5 and having 854% by weight sodium hydroxide, 713% c1lulose,2;3% total sulfur and to which is added "25%by weight of sodium carbonate (based on cellulose) is extruded throu'ghaspinneret to ,produce a 120-filament thread having a total denier o'i'300, into aspinningbath'maintained at 50 C. and containing 123% sulfuric acid, 22% sodiumsulfate and 513% ferrousfsulfate.
- the immersion is 2 After leaving the bath the filament-s are ,passed ov'ertwo godets in succession having a differential in speed which effects a 40% stretch of the filaments. Filaments which along their entire length show, incrosssection a cellular type structure are obtained.
- Example III A viscose aged to a .sodium chloride salt point of 5, .and having 9% by weight sodium hydroxide, 7.6% by weight cellulose, 2.3% by weight total sulfur and containing of sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a il ill-filament thread of I200 total denier, into a spinning bath maintained at 50 0., and containing 11.4% sulfuric acid, 23% sodium sulfate, and 0.85% Zincsu'lfate and 5% ferrous sulfate. 'The immersion is 14". The filaments are stretched 40% between godets. Filaments are obtained which, along 95% of their fate, and 5.3% zinc sulfate.
- Example IV A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5.5, and having 8.5% by weight-sodium hydroxide, 7.2% cellulose, 2.3% total sulfur and containing 25% sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 24-filament structure of 300 total denier, into a spinning bath containing 12% sulfuric acid, 22.5% sodium sulfate, and 6% manganous sulfate. The immersion is 64". The filaments leaving the bath are given a stretch of The filaments thus obtained show, in cross-section, at all points along the filament length,"a cellulartype structure.
- Example V A viscose aged to a common salt point of 5.5 "and having 8.4% by weight "sodium hydroxide, 7.3% cellulose, 23% 'total'sulfur a'iidto which is added'25'% by Weight of sodium carbonate (based on cellulose) is extruded through a sp'irineret to produce a 120-filament thread having a total denier of 300, into aspinning bathma'intain'ed at 50 C. and containing 12.3% sulfuric acid, 22% sodium sulfate and5.3%zinc sulfate.
- the immersion is 24".
- the filaments are passed over 'twogodet's in succession having 'a differential "in speed which effected a 40 stretch of the filaments. Filaments which along their entire length show, in crosssection, a cellular type structure are obtained.
- Example VI A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5.3, and having 8.1% by weight isodium hydroxide, 7.4% by weightcellulose, 253% by weight total sulfur and to which is added 20% of-sod-ium carbonate (based on cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 200 filament thread having :a total denier of 300, into a spinning 'bath maintained at about- 0., and containing 12% sulfuric acid; 22.5% sodium sul- The immersion is 14 inches. The filaments are stretched 40% between godets. Filaments which along 95% of the fiber axis show, cross-section, a cellular type structure are obtained.
- Example 'VII A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5, and having 9% by weight sodium hydroxide, 7. 6% by weight cellulose, 2.3% by weight total sulfur and to which has been added 25% of sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose) is extruded through a spinnere't to produce a 490 filament thread of 1200 total denier, into a spinn'ing bath maintained at (3., and containing 11.4% sulfuric acid, 23% sodium sulfate, and 5.5% zinc sulfate. The unmers'icn is 1'4'". The filaments are stretched 450% between godets. Filaments are obtained which, along cf "their length show, in cross-section, a cellular type structure.
- Example VIII A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point 5.5, and having 855% by weight sodium hydroxide, 712% cellulose, 2.3% total sulfur and to which has been added 25% sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 24 filament structure of 300 total denier, into a spinning -'b'a-th containing 12% sulfuric acid, 22.5% sodium sulfate, and 6% V, zinc sulfate. The immersion is 64". The filamerits leaving the bath are given a stretch of 40%. The filaments thus obtained show, in cross-section, at .all points along the filament length, a cellular type structure.
- the filaments obtained as described have dry tensile strengths of approximately 2 or more grams per denier, and wet extensibilities of about 30%.
- the individual filaments produced in accordance with this invention have in cross-section a' cellular type structure at points along at least a substantial portion of the filament length which comprises a plurality of voids or gas pockets which are separated by partitions forming an internal support for the filaments.
- the hollow continuous filaments of cellular cross-section initially obtained may be cut to staple length.
- the filament bundles proceeding from several spinnerets over stretching godets may be combined into tows of 1200 up to 400,000 or so denier.
- the tows while still wet are cut to staple fibers, which are allowed to fall into a liquid bath which may serve merely to effect opening of the fiber clumps, or may also serve the purpose of an additional liquid treatment, such as washing or desulfurizing.
- the opened staple fibers are wet-treated, and finely dried in any appropriate manner.
- a skin of substantial thickness is set up on the filaments, as shown at 5 ( Figures 1 and 3).
- the skin may be differentially dyed by the following procedure: A microtome section of one or more of the filaments mounted in a wax block is taken and mounted on a slide with Meyers albumin fixative. After de-waxing in xylene, the section is placed in successive baths of 60% and 30% alcohol fora few moments each, and it is then stained in 2% aqueous solution of Victoria Blue BS cone. (General Dyestuffs Corp.) for 1 to 2 hours. At this point, the entire section is blue.
- the thick skin which is continuous and unbroken, completely surrounds each filament, aids in protecting the voids against collapse under compressional force and is, in turn, supported by the web-like cellular internal structure.
- the rigidity of the filaments is such that while they are flexible enough to enable their being easily manipulated and adaptable to various textile working processes, they do not tend to collapse even under the influence of very high compressional forces. Under such conditions, the filaments give but do not permanently collapse and upon removal of the compressing forces the inflated condition is immediately recovered.
- the filaments are characterized b a tensile strength which is unprecedentedly high for hollow filaments.
- the tensile strength is, generally, of the order of the tensile strength of standard viscose fibers and sharply distinguishes the new filaments over hollow filaments of the prior art.
- the filaments or fibers have a delustered appearance, give full, deep dyeings in dull shades, and are characterized by a soft hand and feel, excellent water retentivity, light weight, and enhanced covering power.
- Those filaments that are made without much stretching are generally substantially cylindrical or long and oval in crosssection, depending upon the type of spinneret utilized, while those which have been given a greater amount of stretching exhibit numeraus points of necking down along their length, and due to this irregularity of configuration possessed by some of the filaments they exhibit fulling and felting properties resembling natural wool.
- the new hollow fibers may be used in the production of textile yarns and knitted or woven fabrics which are especially useful in the manu-' facture of wearing apparel or bed clothing where lightness in weight, buoyancy, and protection from cold or heat are important factors.
- Carded mats of the material may be used as fillers for the production of comforts, wearing apparel, cushions, life preservers, vibration damping, sound insulating or generally as a heat insulat-- ing material for filling spaces between the walls: of buildings or other structures to be insulated, such as ice boxes, cold rooms, ships, railway cars, automobiles, airplanes, and the like, and for any of these uses, where desired or necessary, the mats may be provided with a waterproof wrapping or the filaments may be impregnated with a resin, such as phenol-aldehyde and phenol-ketone resins, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol-diphenylol propaneformaldehyde or ketone resins, phenol-furfural resins, aromatic sulfonamide-aldehyde resins, benzophenone aldehyde resins, and the polymerized vinyl resins.
- a resin such as phenol-aldehyde and phenol
- the filaments either per se or in the form of a yarn-like bundle, or in the form of a mat, carded or otherwise, may be crimped by effecting shrinkage, which increases the bulk of the products. Further the filaments may be rendered potentially self-crimpable by stretching them while in a plasticized condition, removing.
- the plasticizer while the stretched condition is maintained, fabricating the stretched filaments or fibers and permitting the development of crimp therein in situ in the fabricated structure by activating the filaments, as during a fullin or felting operation, and permitting the crimped filaments or fibers to dry while relaxed.
- a process for producing an inflated regenerated cellulose fiber showing in cross-section along at least a substantial portion of its length a web-like network constituted by a plurality of distinct radiating partitions which provide internal support for the peripheral wall of the fiber and separate and define a plurality of distinct individual voids between an internal point and.
- said peripheral wall which comprises extruding viscose having a common salt point of from 5 to 6 and containing from .9 to 2.5% by weight total sulfur, from 6 to 9% sodium hydroxide, from 6 to 9% cellulose, and from 5 to 35% added sodium carbonate based on the cellulose, into a spinning bath consisting of an aqueous solution of from 1.3 to 2.5% sulfuric acid, from 21 to sodium sulfate, and at least 5% but not more than 6% of a mixtures of 'such' sulfates;,at a temperature of 5 from.40 to 60"C., withdrawing the fibers from the bath, andsubjecting the fibr'sto a'stretclr of about-40'%'to 50%.
- a spinning bath consisting of an aqueous solution of from 1.3 to 2.5% sulfuric acid, from 21 to sodium sulfate, and at least 5% but not more than 6% of a mixtures of 'such' sulfates;,at
- Process foiffiproducing inflated filamentsof regenerated cellulose having a; skin'of substan' tial thickness surrounding a solid portion,whichoccupies only 'a part of the filament cross' se'ction and extends j longitudinally of the filament tlfesolid portion being joined to the inner surface of ithejthickfskin by partitions lying" between the solid portion and the skin anddfining an irre'gular cellular structure, which comprises extrud' in giviscose having acommon s'altpoint of" 5.5; and containing 2.3% total sulfur, 8.4% sodium hydroxide,- 713 cellulose; and 25%' adddso'di um carbonate, based on cellulose, into ana'que-' o'us acid' spinning bath consisting 9f 2 3'%' sul furicacid, 22% sodium sulfate and-5.3% zincf sulfate, withdrawing the filaments from the bath" and subjecting the filaments to a stretch of-40 6.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
Dec. 27, 1949 w HALL ET AL SPINNING ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS Filed Aug. 25, 1945 I N VEN TORS BYfi fl QM Patented Dec. 27, 1949 SPINNING ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS James W. Hall, Marcus Hook, and Alfred W. Hunter, Chester, Pa., assignors to American Viscose Corporation, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application August 25, 1945, Serial No. 612,582
6 Claims. -(o1. 18-54) This invention relates to novel hollow filaments of regenerated cellulose, products formed therefrom, and to processes for producing the same.
It has been proposed, heretofore, to produce hollow filaments by methods involving the emulsification of air in viscose prior to extrusion thereof, or the incorporation in the viscose of substances, commonly alkali carbonates, capable of reacting with acid to develop a gas, and extrusion of the mixture into an acid spinning bath.
All of the hollow regenerated cellulose filaments of the prior art, however produced, have had a common characteristic in that they have been tubular in cross-section, comprising either a hollow continuous canal, or a plurality of individual voids or lumens each taking up the entire cross-section area of the filament and spaced end to end along the length of the filament by transverse partitions. The hollow filaments of the prior art have numerous disadvantages. Most importantly, such filaments have extremely low tensile strength and extensibility, and, further, readily undergo considerable permanent collapse dur ing manufacture, such as when they are passed over guides, about the godets, and under their own pressure as they are being collected on bobbins or in spinning buckets. Even after drying, should there be any appreciable residual inflation in the filaments having the tubular voids or lumens, additional permanent deflation occurs whenever articles formed therefrom such as cushions, mattresses, wearing apparel, etc., are subjected to compression, with a noticeable loss of buoyancy and increase in weight of the articles.
In our pending application Serial No. 557,004, filed October 3, 1944, now Patent Number 2,476,- 293 we have disclosed new hollow filaments of regenerated cellulose which, in cross-section, have a unique structure by virtue of which they are sharply distinguishable from hollow filaments of the prior art. Such filaments are illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which,
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the filaments of our invention;
Figure 2 is a View taken along the length of the new filaments, and
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the dyed filaments, the skin only being dyed.
Referring to Figure 1, it will be seen that our new filaments have in cross-section, a cellular type structure, the cross-section area being occupied by a plurality of partitions 2 which separate and define a plurality of voids or lumens 3. The partitions 2 radiate irregularly from a point or points 4 within the filament, and lay more or 5 less at random, and may have a regular or irregular contour, and the voids or lumens, which may vary in size from extremely small to much larger voids, are of varying shape, some being more elongated than others, for example, as determined by the contours of the dividing partitions. The voids 3 overlap one another and lie irregularly spaced along the fiber axis as shown in Figure 2. The separating partitions 2 present, as viewed in Fi ure 1, an essentially web-like configuration. All of the partitions radiate from a point within the filament but not necessarily all from the same point and the partitions may have a more or less complex shape constituted by a branched structure, one or more partitions branching off from one or more others which radiate from a common point, as shown in Figure l.
The new filaments having the cellular type structure may be obtainedby extruding viscose containing a gas-developing substance, as for instance an alkali carbonate, such as sodium carbonate, into a high tenacity spinning bath which may contain a large. proportion, not less than about 5%, of an'in'organic salt of a polyvalent metal, which salt is soluble in concentrations of at least 5%'in' 6 to 15%sulfuric acid solutions. The salts which are useful for our purposes are inorganic acid salts of metals selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron, magnesium, chromium, cadmium, manganese, nickel and aluminum, as for instance, the sulfates of those metals. The salts mentioned in addition to zinc salts may be present in the spinning bath as substitutes for zinc sulfate, or they may be used in combination therewith. For example, spinning baths containing about 1% of zinc sulfate and about 5% of ferrous sulfate are very satisfactory for our purposes.
The spinning bath contains from 11.3 to 12.5% sulfuric acid; from 5 to 6% of the inorganic salt of a polyvalent metal; and from 21 to 25% sodium sulfate.
Generally, the viscose should analyze from about 1.9 to about 2.5% total sulfur, from about 6 to 9% sodium hydroxide (based on percent Weight in viscose) from about 6 to 9% by weight cellulose, and should contain a large proportion of the gas-developing substance such as sodium carbonate, that is, from about 5 to 35% (based on the cellulose present). The viscose preferably should have a common salt (NaCl) point of from 5 to 6. The viscose may contain special modifying agents in addition to the sodium carbonate or other gas-developing substance, such as dyes, pigments, delustrants, etc.-, or any mixture of such materials,
The spinning bath should have a temperature between 40 to 60 C. The immersion depends, to some extent, upon the denier of the filaments, longer immersion periods being productive of better results in the case of filaments of larger .total denier and denier 51391 filament.
If desired,the filaments may'be given a stretch up to about 40 to 50% of their length, by passing them between godets or rollers operating at different speeds, or by means of any other equivalent stretching procedure, and preferably the filaments are stretched soon after leaving the coagulating medium. When necessary, the stretching may be facilitated by passing the filaments through a plasticizing bath, such as hot water, hot acids, and the like.
Generally, the various [factors involved in producing the fibers are correlated as indicated, and the various ingredients of the viscose and the spinning bath are 'used in proportions within the ranges stated, "but when the sodium carbonate is present'inthe viscose inthe'higher amounts, the sulfuric acid, metal sulfate, andsodium sulfate contents of "the spinning bath are not quite as critical as when the smaller quantities of sodium carbonate are employed.
For illustrative purposes, the following specific examples are given.
Example .I
A viscose aged to'a common salt point of 5.5 and having 854% by weight sodium hydroxide, 713% c1lulose,2;3% total sulfur and to which is added "25%by weight of sodium carbonate (based on cellulose) is extruded throu'ghaspinneret to ,produce a 120-filament thread having a total denier o'i'300, into aspinningbath'maintained at 50 C. and containing 123% sulfuric acid, 22% sodiumsulfate and 513% ferrousfsulfate.
The immersion is 2 After leaving the bath the filament-s are ,passed ov'ertwo godets in succession having a differential in speed which effects a 40% stretch of the filaments. Filaments which along their entire length show, incrosssection a cellular type structure are obtained.
Example If A viscose aged .to a sodium chloride salt point of 5.3, .and having 8.1% by weight sodium hydroxide, "7.4% by weight cellulose, 2.3% by weight .totalsulfur and to which is added of sodium carbonate (based on cellulosepresent) is extruded through .a .spinneret to .produce a 200-fila'ment .thread having a total denier of 300, into a spinning bathmaintained at about 45 C., and containing 12% sulfuric acid; 22.5% sodium sulfate, and 5.3% magnesium sulfate. The immersion is 14 inches. The filaments are stretched 40% between godets. Filaments which along 95% of the fiber axis show, in cross-section, a cellular type structure, are obtained.
Example III A viscose aged to a .sodium chloride salt point of 5, .and having 9% by weight sodium hydroxide, 7.6% by weight cellulose, 2.3% by weight total sulfur and containing of sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a il ill-filament thread of I200 total denier, into a spinning bath maintained at 50 0., and containing 11.4% sulfuric acid, 23% sodium sulfate, and 0.85% Zincsu'lfate and 5% ferrous sulfate. 'The immersion is 14". The filaments are stretched 40% between godets. Filaments are obtained which, along 95% of their fate, and 5.3% zinc sulfate.
4 length show, in cross-section, a cellular-type structure.
Example IV A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5.5, and having 8.5% by weight-sodium hydroxide, 7.2% cellulose, 2.3% total sulfur and containing 25% sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 24-filament structure of 300 total denier, into a spinning bath containing 12% sulfuric acid, 22.5% sodium sulfate, and 6% manganous sulfate. The immersion is 64". The filaments leaving the bath are given a stretch of The filaments thus obtained show, in cross-section, at all points along the filament length,"a cellulartype structure.
Example V A viscose aged to a common salt point of 5.5 "and having 8.4% by weight "sodium hydroxide, 7.3% cellulose, 23% 'total'sulfur a'iidto which is added'25'% by Weight of sodium carbonate (based on cellulose) is extruded through a sp'irineret to produce a 120-filament thread having a total denier of 300, into aspinning bathma'intain'ed at 50 C. and containing 12.3% sulfuric acid, 22% sodium sulfate and5.3%zinc sulfate.
The immersion is 24". After leaving the bath the filaments are passed over 'twogodet's in succession having 'a differential "in speed which effected a 40 stretch of the filaments. Filaments which along their entire length show, in crosssection, a cellular type structure are obtained.
Example VI A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5.3, and having 8.1% by weight isodium hydroxide, 7.4% by weightcellulose, 253% by weight total sulfur and to which is added 20% of-sod-ium carbonate (based on cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 200 filament thread having :a total denier of 300, into a spinning 'bath maintained at about- 0., and containing 12% sulfuric acid; 22.5% sodium sul- The immersion is 14 inches. The filaments are stretched 40% between godets. Filaments which along 95% of the fiber axis show, cross-section, a cellular type structure are obtained.
Example 'VII A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point of 5, and having 9% by weight sodium hydroxide, 7. 6% by weight cellulose, 2.3% by weight total sulfur and to which has been added 25% of sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose) is extruded through a spinnere't to produce a 490 filament thread of 1200 total denier, into a spinn'ing bath maintained at (3., and containing 11.4% sulfuric acid, 23% sodium sulfate, and 5.5% zinc sulfate. The unmers'icn is 1'4'". The filaments are stretched 450% between godets. Filaments are obtained which, along cf "their length show, in cross-section, a cellular type structure.
Example VIII A viscose aged to a sodium chloride salt point 5.5, and having 855% by weight sodium hydroxide, 712% cellulose, 2.3% total sulfur and to which has been added 25% sodium carbonate (based on the cellulose present) is extruded through a spinneret to produce a 24 filament structure of 300 total denier, into a spinning -'b'a-th containing 12% sulfuric acid, 22.5% sodium sulfate, and 6% V, zinc sulfate. The immersion is 64". The filamerits leaving the bath are given a stretch of 40%. The filaments thus obtained show, in cross-section, at .all points along the filament length, a cellular type structure.
The filaments obtained as described have dry tensile strengths of approximately 2 or more grams per denier, and wet extensibilities of about 30%.
The individual filaments produced in accordance with this invention have in cross-section a' cellular type structure at points along at least a substantial portion of the filament length which comprises a plurality of voids or gas pockets which are separated by partitions forming an internal support for the filaments.
The hollow continuous filaments of cellular cross-section initially obtained may be cut to staple length. For example, the filament bundles proceeding from several spinnerets over stretching godets may be combined into tows of 1200 up to 400,000 or so denier. The tows while still wet are cut to staple fibers, which are allowed to fall into a liquid bath which may serve merely to effect opening of the fiber clumps, or may also serve the purpose of an additional liquid treatment, such as washing or desulfurizing. The opened staple fibers are wet-treated, and finely dried in any appropriate manner.
Under the conditions of this invention, a skin of substantial thickness is set up on the filaments, as shown at 5 (Figures 1 and 3). The skin may be differentially dyed by the following procedure: A microtome section of one or more of the filaments mounted in a wax block is taken and mounted on a slide with Meyers albumin fixative. After de-waxing in xylene, the section is placed in successive baths of 60% and 30% alcohol fora few moments each, and it is then stained in 2% aqueous solution of Victoria Blue BS cone. (General Dyestuffs Corp.) for 1 to 2 hours. At this point, the entire section is blue. By rinsing the section first in distilled waer and then in one or more baths composed of water and 90% dioxane for aperiod varying from 5 to 30 minutes, the dye is entirely removed from the core, leaving it restricted to the skin areas. A crosssection of a filament in accordance with the invention and having the skin area only dyed is shown in Figure :3.
The thick skin, which is continuous and unbroken, completely surrounds each filament, aids in protecting the voids against collapse under compressional force and is, in turn, supported by the web-like cellular internal structure. The rigidity of the filaments is such that while they are flexible enough to enable their being easily manipulated and adaptable to various textile working processes, they do not tend to collapse even under the influence of very high compressional forces. Under such conditions, the filaments give but do not permanently collapse and upon removal of the compressing forces the inflated condition is immediately recovered. The filaments are characterized b a tensile strength which is unprecedentedly high for hollow filaments. The tensile strength is, generally, of the order of the tensile strength of standard viscose fibers and sharply distinguishes the new filaments over hollow filaments of the prior art.
The filaments or fibers have a delustered appearance, give full, deep dyeings in dull shades, and are characterized by a soft hand and feel, excellent water retentivity, light weight, and enhanced covering power. Those filaments that are made without much stretching are generally substantially cylindrical or long and oval in crosssection, depending upon the type of spinneret utilized, while those which have been given a greater amount of stretching exhibit numeraus points of necking down along their length, and due to this irregularity of configuration possessed by some of the filaments they exhibit fulling and felting properties resembling natural wool.
The new hollow fibers, either as continuous filaments or as staple fibers may be used in the production of textile yarns and knitted or woven fabrics which are especially useful in the manu-' facture of wearing apparel or bed clothing where lightness in weight, buoyancy, and protection from cold or heat are important factors. Carded mats of the material may be used as fillers for the production of comforts, wearing apparel, cushions, life preservers, vibration damping, sound insulating or generally as a heat insulat-- ing material for filling spaces between the walls: of buildings or other structures to be insulated, such as ice boxes, cold rooms, ships, railway cars, automobiles, airplanes, and the like, and for any of these uses, where desired or necessary, the mats may be provided with a waterproof wrapping or the filaments may be impregnated with a resin, such as phenol-aldehyde and phenol-ketone resins, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol-diphenylol propaneformaldehyde or ketone resins, phenol-furfural resins, aromatic sulfonamide-aldehyde resins, benzophenone aldehyde resins, and the polymerized vinyl resins.
The filaments either per se or in the form of a yarn-like bundle, or in the form of a mat, carded or otherwise, may be crimped by effecting shrinkage, which increases the bulk of the products. Further the filaments may be rendered potentially self-crimpable by stretching them while in a plasticized condition, removing.
the plasticizer while the stretched condition is maintained, fabricating the stretched filaments or fibers and permitting the development of crimp therein in situ in the fabricated structure by activating the filaments, as during a fullin or felting operation, and permitting the crimped filaments or fibers to dry while relaxed.
Since many variations and modifications may be made in practicing the present invention, it is to be understood that we are not to be limited except by the spirit and. scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our pending application Serial No. 557,004, filed October 3, 1944, now Patent Number 2,476,293.
We claim:
1. A process for producing an inflated regenerated cellulose fiber showing in cross-section along at least a substantial portion of its length a web-like network constituted by a plurality of distinct radiating partitions which provide internal support for the peripheral wall of the fiber and separate and define a plurality of distinct individual voids between an internal point and. said peripheral wall, which comprises extruding viscose having a common salt point of from 5 to 6 and containing from .9 to 2.5% by weight total sulfur, from 6 to 9% sodium hydroxide, from 6 to 9% cellulose, and from 5 to 35% added sodium carbonate based on the cellulose, into a spinning bath consisting of an aqueous solution of from 1.3 to 2.5% sulfuric acid, from 21 to sodium sulfate, and at least 5% but not more than 6% of a mixtures of 'such' sulfates;,at a temperature of 5 from.40 to 60"C., withdrawing the fibers from the bath, andsubjecting the fibr'sto a'stretclr of about-40'%'to 50%. v I I I I g 2. A process for producinginflatd filamentsotf regenerated cellulose havingIa-Iskin of substantial 1() thickness surro nding a..s'oli'd lportion which oca cupie's. only a .part 1 of the filaineht" cross-section] and. extendslohgitudinally Offth. filament, the" solid Zportion. being joinedpto the inner surface of .the thick skin by fiartition'slying betweenvthe 15,
solidlportion and the skinandldfining an irregu lar' cellular; structure; when comprises 1 extrud mg viscose having a cornin'on' salt l point of w from] 5fto.6, and containing froinll. 9 to.2.'5-% b'yiweight total sulfur, from'fi to.9% sodium hydroxide; from 6 to 9% cellulose, and fron'il5 115035 75 a a'e'aqsodn uin. carbonate based. on the cellulose, into an aqueous acid spinning bath consisting of. from; 11.3130 12.5% sulfuric acid, from 21 t2'5 sodium sulfate, and to 6% of zinc sulfate, withdrawing the'fibers fromthe bath, andwsubjecting the fibersLtoa.stretch .of'40%. I H
3; Process. for producing inflated. filaments- 0f regenerated cellulose having a skin of substantial thickness surrounding a .solid portion which occupies only a: part of the: f lament cross-sec;- tion andextnds longitudinally of the filament, the soudip'oruonbem'g joined to the'inner surface of'th' thick skin by partitions lying between the solid portionrand the skin'anddeflning an irregular cellular structure; whichcomprises extrudi'rig', viscose havinga common salt pointof'from 5" to ligand containing from 119. to 2.5% byfweight totalsulfur; from 6 to 9%.
sodium hydroxide, from 6"to 9% cellulose, and
from 5 to added sodium carbonate based. on the cellulose;,into"an aqueous acidspinning bathcon'sisting of fr0m"11.3"to 12.5% sulfuric acid; from2l'to 25% sodium sulfate, andl5%" to-6% offerrous sulfate; withdrawing the'fibers 451 froni the' bath, and subjecting thefibers to a stretch of 49%. t o v w Process for" producing 'infiatedfilaments of regenerated cellulose havingw'skir'r of substan tial thickhess surrounding{a solid portionwhich occupies only 'a part of th-e filament cross' sec tion and extends longitudinally of the filament, thesolid portionbeing "joindto the inner'sur face of the thick skin by partitionslyingbe sodiumhydroxide, from 6 to*9%--cellulose-; and 6 from 5 to 35% added s'odium carbonate based oiI thf cellulose into an aqueous acid s'jpjmmngbathconsisting of11.3 to 1 2,5 ;s 1m i acid, from 21' to 25% 'sodium sulfate; and 5% to 6%" magnesium sulfate; withdrawing the;fibersfio'ni the bath, and subjecting the'fibers to a'stretclr of%'. t W
5. Process foiffiproducing inflated filamentsof regenerated cellulose having a; skin'of substan' tial thickness surrounding a solid portion,whichoccupies only 'a part of the filament cross' se'ction and extends j longitudinally of the filament tlfesolid portion being joined to the inner surface of ithejthickfskin by partitions lying" between the solid portion and the skin anddfining an irre'gular cellular structure, which comprises extrud' in giviscose having acommon s'altpoint of" 5.5; and containing 2.3% total sulfur, 8.4% sodium hydroxide,- 713 cellulose; and 25%' adddso'di um carbonate, based on cellulose, into ana'que-' o'us acid' spinning bath consisting 9f 2 3'%' sul furicacid, 22% sodium sulfate and-5.3% zincf sulfate, withdrawing the filaments from the bath" and subjecting the filaments to a stretch of-40 6. Process for producing inflated' filaments of regenerated cellulose havinga skin of substam tial thickness surrounding a solid portionwhicfi occupies only a part of the filament cross 'section" andextends longitudinally of "the filament the" solid portion being joinedjto the innersurface off'the thick skin by partitions'lying between the solid portion and the skin and deii'n'ing an irregular cellular structure; which comprisesextrud ing viscose having a common salt" point'of 5. 3"" and containing'2.3% total suuur; 81% sodium: hydroxide, 7.4% cellulose; and 20% added sod1- urn carbonate based on' cellulose, into an aqueous acid spinning bath consisting of 2%" sulfuric acid; 22.5%sodi1'1m' sulfate and 3%"- zinc sul-ffate; withdrawing the filaments from the bath; and subjecting the filaments to' a stretch "of 40%.-
JAMES W; ALFRED WJ HUNTER;
REFERENCES CITED The following references ar'etor. recordin the fileof thispatent: v
UNITED STATES PATENTS:
Number Name Date 2,136;462' Picard et a1 NOV. 15, 1938.
FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country 7 Date- 253,953 GreatBritain July 1," 1926" 259386 Great'Britain oat; 1 4-,11926 273,506 Great Britain Julyg7) 1927; 282973 Great Britain J an; 5,11928
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US612582A US2492425A (en) | 1944-10-03 | 1945-08-25 | Spinning artificial filaments |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US557004A US2476293A (en) | 1944-10-03 | 1944-10-03 | Artificial fiber |
US612582A US2492425A (en) | 1944-10-03 | 1945-08-25 | Spinning artificial filaments |
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US2492425A true US2492425A (en) | 1949-12-27 |
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US612582A Expired - Lifetime US2492425A (en) | 1944-10-03 | 1945-08-25 | Spinning artificial filaments |
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Cited By (13)
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US2835551A (en) * | 1955-04-09 | 1958-05-20 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for producing hollow viscose filaments |
US2861319A (en) * | 1956-12-21 | 1958-11-25 | Du Pont | Intermittent core filaments |
US3015873A (en) * | 1955-03-08 | 1962-01-09 | Schiesser Ag Trikotfabriken | Complex artificial filaments |
US3204017A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1965-08-31 | Toho Rayon Kk | Process for the manufacture of bulky fibrous wadding materials |
US3214234A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1965-10-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same |
US3275720A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1966-09-27 | Haveg Industries Inc | Method of extruding foamed fibers having outer skins integral therewith |
US3322611A (en) * | 1962-10-19 | 1967-05-30 | Du Pont | Porous fibers and processes of preparing same |
US3418405A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1968-12-24 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Method of manufacturing flat viscose fibers |
US3424645A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1969-01-28 | Haveg Industries Inc | Extruded foamed fibers |
DE1292301B (en) * | 1957-06-11 | 1969-04-10 | Du Pont | Thread-like structure made of crystalline plastic |
US3512997A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1970-05-19 | Tee Pak Inc | Extrusion of microporous collagen articles |
US4129679A (en) * | 1969-11-27 | 1978-12-12 | Courtaulds Limited | Multi-limbed regenerated cellulose filaments |
US9403322B2 (en) | 2008-05-05 | 2016-08-02 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects |
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GB253953A (en) * | 1924-09-17 | 1926-07-01 | Courtaulds Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture and production of threads, filaments, bands, and the like, from viscose |
GB259386A (en) * | 1925-10-17 | 1926-10-14 | Courtaulds Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of threads, filaments, and the like from viscose |
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GB253953A (en) * | 1924-09-17 | 1926-07-01 | Courtaulds Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture and production of threads, filaments, bands, and the like, from viscose |
GB259386A (en) * | 1925-10-17 | 1926-10-14 | Courtaulds Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of threads, filaments, and the like from viscose |
GB273506A (en) * | 1926-07-19 | 1927-07-07 | Courtaulds Ltd | Improvements in, and relating to, the manufacture and production of threads, filaments and the like from viscose |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3015873A (en) * | 1955-03-08 | 1962-01-09 | Schiesser Ag Trikotfabriken | Complex artificial filaments |
US2835551A (en) * | 1955-04-09 | 1958-05-20 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for producing hollow viscose filaments |
US2861319A (en) * | 1956-12-21 | 1958-11-25 | Du Pont | Intermittent core filaments |
DE1292301B (en) * | 1957-06-11 | 1969-04-10 | Du Pont | Thread-like structure made of crystalline plastic |
US3204017A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1965-08-31 | Toho Rayon Kk | Process for the manufacture of bulky fibrous wadding materials |
US3418405A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1968-12-24 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Method of manufacturing flat viscose fibers |
US3322611A (en) * | 1962-10-19 | 1967-05-30 | Du Pont | Porous fibers and processes of preparing same |
US3275720A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1966-09-27 | Haveg Industries Inc | Method of extruding foamed fibers having outer skins integral therewith |
US3424645A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1969-01-28 | Haveg Industries Inc | Extruded foamed fibers |
US3214234A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1965-10-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same |
US3512997A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1970-05-19 | Tee Pak Inc | Extrusion of microporous collagen articles |
US4129679A (en) * | 1969-11-27 | 1978-12-12 | Courtaulds Limited | Multi-limbed regenerated cellulose filaments |
US9403322B2 (en) | 2008-05-05 | 2016-08-02 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects |
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