US2491869A

US2491869A - Piston engine

Info

Publication number: US2491869A
Application number: US735336A
Authority: US
Inventors: Marton Bela; Reich Erno
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1947-03-18
Filing date: 1947-03-18
Publication date: 1949-12-20
Anticipated expiration: 1966-12-20

Description

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PISTON ENGINE Filed March 18, 1947 I N N TOR. www; Mmmm M "uw M Patented Dec. 20, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PISTON ENGINE Bla Marton and Ern Reich, Budapest, Hungary Application March 18, 1947, Serial No. 735,336

(Cl. 12S- 50) 7 Claims. l

This invention relates to a piston engine the working chamber of which is located in the internal cavity of the pistonA The objects of the invention are:

(1) To create a piston engine, which, when used as an internal combustion engine, will protect the cylinder wall, and, more particularly, the layer of oil adhering to the cylinder Wall, against the effects of the flame in the combustion chamber;

(2) To enable, in the case of two-stroke cycle engines, absolutely perfect uni-flow scavenging to be realised by the cavity piston;

(3) To admit very high temperatures in the piston cavity, without jeopardising the lubrication of the piston, thereby assuring easier starting and safe ignition;

(4) To enable, in the case of double-piston engines with pin drive projecting laterally from the cylinder, the piston wall to be made so thin as to cause it to yield to the internal pressure and thus to result, in the case of a ground-in piston, in better tightness against leakage than obtainable by means of piston rings;

(5) To enable connecting-rods to be dispensed with and side pressures of the pistons to be reduced;

(6) To enable, in the case of a double-cavity piston, any desired kind of two-'stroke cycle diagram to be obtained by employing suitable control in the case of piston steam engines, compressors, pumps, compressed-air engines, etc.;

(7) To enable cross-sections of relatively great magnitude to be opened and closed in the vicinity of the dead-centre points, with a minimum of throttling;

(8) To. enable high speeds to be obtainable in all elds of application of piston engines, and smooth running to be assured at high speeds also owing to the small masses of the thin-Walled piston;

(9) To enable, in case the driving engine is direct-coupled with a motor `or generator, etc., the shaft and journalling devices of the coupled apparatus to be constructed so as to constitute, at the same time, the shaft and bearings of the piston engine, thereby rendering the design simpler and less expensive owing to saving a shaft, its journalling devices and a connectingrod.

The invention consists, substantially, in the Working chamber being situated in the internal cavity of the piston, and the driving pin of the latter being located outside the piston cavity and joining on to the piston bottom.

In the case of double-actingl piston engines, two hollow pistons, the bottoms of which face each other, or one double piston comprising a common bottom, are slidable inside a cylinder. The piston drive is performed by means of a driv-1 ing pin located outside the cavity, the said driv-A ing pin being fixed between the two pistons, or at their bottom, and its extension piece projecting sideways from the cylinder oscillatingl in a plane perpendicular on the piston axis, and following the motion of the reciprocating piston. Accordingly, the doubleacting cavity piston will, in addition to its alternating motion following the sine law, also perform an oscillating motion around its longitudinal axis. This will enable the inlet and outlet ports cut into the piston and into the cylinder wall respectively to be controlled not only in the vicinity of the dead-centre point, but at all points of the stroke.

The annexed drawing illustrates a number of embodiments, shown by way of example, of the invention.

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional View of a horizontally-arranged double-piston engine in its application as a compressor, air engine, or steam engine for individual drive, in the left deadcentre position.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line II-II of Fig. 1 in the middle position of the driving' pin.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a control port for compressors.

Fig. 4 is a cross-section of another embodiment of a double-piston engine in its application as a steam engine.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the control port rendering possible the control of the degree of admission of steam.

In the case of the engine shown on Fig. 1 a double-acting hollow piston I, or two such pistons possessing a common bottom are fitted into the cylinder 6. The open ends of the cavities of the pistons are closed by tapered extension pieces I2 of the cylinder covers I projecting into the pisi ton cavities. InV the common bottom I3 of the pistons I there is xed a driving pin 2 projecting sideways, and constructed as a driving arm., which ends in a sphere 8. The latter projects into an eccentrically-situated borehole 9 of the crank disc I0. When the crank disc I0 is being rotated, the double hollow piston I will, by means of the driv ing arm A2,` receive, in addition to an alternating motion, also, at the same time, an oscillating motion, as the driving arm 2 oscillates in a plane perpendicular on the longitudinal piston axis `and partaking in the alternating motion of the piston.

If, by means of a drawing needle introduced into the inlet or outlet openings a of the cylinder 6, the motion of the hollow piston is traced on the envelope of the latter, this will give a space curve, resembling an ellipse, as shown in staggered lines on Fig. 3.

If the wall of the double piston is perforated at four placestwo of which are situated on one, and two on the other side of the piston bottomin lengths suitable for purposes of control, along the length of the curves resembling an ellipse as per Fig. 3, control slots I5 will be obtained in the piston wall, which control slots will come into cover with the holes a and will, during the length of time, during which such control lasts, communicate with the said holes along a predetermined length of stroke, and will thereby control inlet and outlet. In Fig. 3 the control slot I5 of a compressor is situated in the dead-centre position; in the position I5 it is in cover with the opening a, thereby enabling the compressed air to be exhausted. By suitably choosing the length and width of the slot I5, it is possible to ensure that in the piston cavities the desired cycle of work suction, compression, exhaust should be performed.

The control slots may, instead of perforating the wall of the hollow piston, be recessed into the cylinder wall as ducts or hole rows c (Fig. 5). On the piston wall, one or more boreholes b will be provided. In the wall of the cylinder 5 a row of ducts or holes c leading to the casing 23 of slide 22 is arranged (Fig. 4). In order to control the machine the slides 22 are rotatably or shiftably arranged for opening or shutting some holes c. The pressure is admitted at 25. The opened holes are marked black while the shut holes are left white. The discharge is carried out through channel 241. This will enable to control, for instance, the degree of admission, and reversing, in the case of steam engines, or to control the starting of the engine by means of compressed air.

In the case of direct drives, the cylinder 6 is xed on a fiange I'I of the bearing shield I8, the crank disc I being fixed on the axle journal I9 of the axle 26, running in the bearing 2|, of the machine direct-coupled with the piston engine. Thereby, the provision of a driving axle for the piston engine and of journalling devices for such axle, will be rendered unnecessary.

It is an embodiment of this kind that is shown on Fig. l and Fig. 2.

In Fig. 4, the sphere 8 is not directly supported on the wall of the recess 9 of the crank disc I0, but is supported Iin rings I5, I6 mounted into the said disc, so as to enable greater pressures to be transmitted by the sphere 8 to the crank disc I0. The control ports c are recessed into bulges of the cylinder wall 6. The perforations of the double piston are in this case constructed as holes b, and the openings a are communicating with the row of holes c (Fig.

In its constructional details the apparatus according to the invention may be varied in many ways, without departing from the scope of the invention.

What we claim is:

1. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollow pistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder, heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by said heads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pin rigidly xed at one end between the two pistons and having its other end protruding from the side of the cylinder, a. crank disc having a socket eccentrically mounted therein, and a ball carried by the end of the pin and mounted in said socket.

2. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollow pistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder, heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by said heads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pin rigidly iixed at one end between the two pistons and having its other end protruding from the side of the cylinder,

' a crank disc having a socket eccentrically mounted therein, and a ball carried by the end of the pin and mounted in said socket, said driving pin which oscillates together with the pistons in a plane perpendicular to the piston axis and follows the reciprocating motion of the pistons.

3. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollow pistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder, heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by said heads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pin rigidly xed at one end between (the two pistons and having its other end protruding from the side of the cylinder, a crank disc having a socket eccentrically mounted therein, la sphere having a bore extending therethrough slidably mounted on the outer end of the pin, a pair of rings having spherical seats formed thereon, mounted in said socket and cooperating with said sphere for transmitting motion between the crank pin and the disc.

4. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 having control slots recessed into the cylinder wall in the form of rows of holes cooperating with bore holes of the hollow pistons.

5. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 having control slots recessed into the cylinder wall in the form of rows of holes cooperating with bore holes of the hollow pistons, some of the holes being open and slides closing others of them.

6. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim l wherein the crank disc ofthe piston engine is directly fixed on the axle of a machine operated by the piston engine thus constituting a direct couple between them, whereby they have common bearings.

'7. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the crank disc of the piston engine is directly fixed on the axle of a machine operating the piston engine thus constituting a direct couple between them, whereby they have common bearings.

MARTON, BLA. REICH, ERN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record inthe file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,281,669 Sawyer Oct. 15, 1918 1,306,661 VDolne-Dehan June 10, 1919 1,338,118 Briggs Apr. 27, 1920 1,491,852 Field Apr. 29, 1924 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 593,241 France A1925