US2490549A - Method of making composite stock - Google Patents

Method of making composite stock Download PDF

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Publication number
US2490549A
US2490549A US603599A US60359945A US2490549A US 2490549 A US2490549 A US 2490549A US 603599 A US603599 A US 603599A US 60359945 A US60359945 A US 60359945A US 2490549 A US2490549 A US 2490549A
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United States
Prior art keywords
porous metal
metal
strip
pores
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US603599A
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Harold W Schultz
John M Robertson
Rasmussen Olaf
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Priority to US603599A priority Critical patent/US2490549A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/94—Pressure bonding, e.g. explosive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12153—Interconnected void structure [e.g., permeable, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to composite stock and -a method for making such stock and is particuthrough the'medium of a porous metal layer and,
  • a metallic material such as aluminum, babbitt, or other suitable metal
  • a metal strip 20 is fed simultaneouslywith a porous metal on steel strip 22 to a pair of rolls 2t wherein the vmetal of strip 28 is mechanically worked into the porous metal whereupon'the composite strip 2B preferably passes into anannealing furnace 28,
  • Fig. 2 shows another einbodiment of the invention wherein the strip 20 andthe porous metal on steel strip 22, are fed directly into an annealing furnace 28, which furnace 28 includes pressure rolls 30? therein.
  • the pressure required for rolling the metal of strip 20 into the porous metal is less than in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1-since the strip 20 is hot and is more ductile and, therefore, ows 'more readily' intol the pores of the porous metal.
  • the metaliof strip-20 is mechanically worked into the pores of the porous metal.
  • the porous metal layer is formed of a metal strong in co1npression such as, copper-nickel alloy, copper-iron alloy or some other strong metal or alloy thereof since the rolling step tends to deform the porous metal and if a, weak structure is provided, deformation thereof occurs prior to the time that the metal of strip 20 is thoroughly worked into the pores thereof.
  • a metal strong in co1npression such as, copper-nickel alloy, copper-iron alloy or some other strong metal or alloy thereof since the rolling step tends to deform the porous metal and if a, weak structure is provided, deformation thereof occurs prior to the time that the metal of strip 20 is thoroughly worked into the pores thereof.
  • the porous metal is applied to the steel by sintering and may be made from non-compacted metal powder as disclosed in Koehring Patents 2,198,253 and 2,198,254, or it may be formed from compressed metal powder which has been sintered with void forming compounds therein whereby the porosity of the layer is at least 40%.
  • the porous metal layer is metallurgically bonded to the steel support and has a minimum thickness equal to the diameter of one particle of powder used in the porous metal layer.
  • Any metal strip 20 may be used, such as; aluminum, or yalloys thereof, silver, alloys thereof, babbitts, lead, alloys thereof or in fact any metal which can be rolled into the porous metal layer. In this connection, any metal which has greater ductility than the porous metal at the temperature of rolling ⁇ can be used.
  • the strip is preferably annealed to relieve strains and/ or cause metallic diiusion,if possible, between the juxtaposed layers.
  • the annealing furnace is heated, as is well known in the art, to a temperature suflicient to properly anneal the rolled in metal depending upon the time of annealing.
  • the 4primary factors being that the rolled in 3 metal becomes alloyed with the porous metal at its boundary line and that the strains set up by the rolling step are relieved.
  • side rails may be provided for the strip to prevent the molten metal from being lost.
  • the temperature of heat treatment must be below the melting point and the dissolution temperature of the porous metal layer.
  • the rolls 30 are positioned at a point within the annealing furnace sufficiently remotefrom the entrance to permit preheating of the strip 20.
  • the strip attains a temperature suilicient to soften the strip 20 so as to reduce the pressure necessary for the rolling in operation prior to rolling.
  • this temperature is not limiting since the rolls may be placed external of the furnace as shownin Fig. 1 but to gain any substantial benefit over the externally placed rolls, the strip should be preheated.
  • the preheating will provide a better bond between the metal of the strip 20 and porous metal since the strips in passing through the annealing furnace are uxed to a certain extent by the atmosphere within the furnace which is a non-oxidizing atmosphere and preferably a reducing atmosphere. Obviously a reducing atmosphere will increase the iluxing by removing certain oxides from the surface of the metals.
  • the steps comprising; provided a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porous metal layer being formed by sintering loose, substantially non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores-which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rollingA a sheet of lead alloy material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface ofthe porous metal whereby portions of the lead alloy are forced into the pores of the porous metal.
  • the steps comprising; providing a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porousmetal layer being formed by sintering loose, substantially non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores'which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rolling a sheet of aluminum material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface of the porous metal whereby portions of the aluminum are forced into the poresof the porous metal.
  • the steps comprising; providing a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porous metal layer being formed by sintering loose, ⁇ substantiallyv non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rolling a sheet of aluminum alloy material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface of the porous metal whereby portions of the aluminum alloy are ⁇ forced into the pores of the porous metal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Dec. 6, 1949 H. w. scHULTz ET AL METHOD 0F MAKING COMPOSIITE STOCK Filed July 7', 1945 BY OLAF RAS/H0530! ATTORNE S Patented a 6, 1949 OFFICE METHOD OF MAKING COMPOSITE s'roox Harold W. Schultz, John M. Robertson, and Olaf Rasmussen, Dayton, Ohio, assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application July 7. 1945, serial No. 603,599
` s claims.
. l This invention relates to composite stock and -a method for making such stock and is particuthrough the'medium of a porous metal layer and,
wherein said suitable material is sprayed onto the porous metal. This invention is directed to another method for making -said stock wherein the spraying of the suitable material is eliminated. I
In the present invention, it is a primary object thereof to form composite stock wherein a metallic material such as aluminum, babbitt, or other suitable metal is applied to the surface of a porous metal on steel stock through a rolling operation whereby the applied metal is mechanically worked into the pores of the porous vmetal and thereby interlocked to the steel through the medium of the porous metal layer.
It is a further object of the invention to continuously apply metal strip to porous metal on steel strip.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accomf a cross section of the composite stock formed showing the penetration of the rolled metal into the porous metal layer.
Referring particularlyto Fig. 1, one embodi- 'ment of the invention is shown wherein a metal strip 20 is fed simultaneouslywith a porous metal on steel strip 22 to a pair of rolls 2t wherein the vmetal of strip 28 is mechanically worked into the porous metal whereupon'the composite strip 2B preferably passes into anannealing furnace 28,
I wherein the composite strip is annealed for relieving strains therein and for alloying the metal of strip 20 with the porous metal layer when said metals are alloyable. Fig. 2 shows another einbodiment of the invention wherein the strip 20 andthe porous metal on steel strip 22, are fed directly into an annealing furnace 28, which furnace 28 includes pressure rolls 30? therein. In this embodiment, the pressure required for rolling the metal of strip 20 into the porous metal is less than in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1-since the strip 20 is hot and is more ductile and, therefore, ows 'more readily' intol the pores of the porous metal. In both instances the metaliof strip-20 is mechanically worked into the pores of the porous metal. It is desirable that the porous metal layer is formed of a metal strong in co1npression such as, copper-nickel alloy, copper-iron alloy or some other strong metal or alloy thereof since the rolling step tends to deform the porous metal and if a, weak structure is provided, deformation thereof occurs prior to the time that the metal of strip 20 is thoroughly worked into the pores thereof.
The porous metal is applied to the steel by sintering and may be made from non-compacted metal powder as disclosed in Koehring Patents 2,198,253 and 2,198,254, or it may be formed from compressed metal powder which has been sintered with void forming compounds therein whereby the porosity of the layer is at least 40%. In each case, the porous metal layer is metallurgically bonded to the steel support and has a minimum thickness equal to the diameter of one particle of powder used in the porous metal layer. Any metal strip 20 may be used, such as; aluminum, or yalloys thereof, silver, alloys thereof, babbitts, lead, alloys thereof or in fact any metal which can be rolled into the porous metal layer. In this connection, any metal which has greater ductility than the porous metal at the temperature of rolling `can be used.
We have found that pressure rolls 24 and 30 should be so set that the metal of strip 20 is thoroughlyworked into the 'pores of the porous metal Without appreciably deforming the porous metal. Thus, for the bestresults, trial runs should be made with different settings of the pressure rolls after which cross sections of the stock should be examined metallographically. After rolling, the strip is preferably annealed to relieve strains and/ or cause metallic diiusion,if possible, between the juxtaposed layers. The annealing furnace is heated, as is well known in the art, to a temperature suflicient to properly anneal the rolled in metal depending upon the time of annealing. The 4primary factors being that the rolled in 3 metal becomes alloyed with the porous metal at its boundary line and that the strains set up by the rolling step are relieved. In some cases, it may be desirable to melt the rolled in layer, particularly in the case of babbitts. In this instance, side rails may be provided for the strip to prevent the molten metal from being lost. Obviously the temperature of heat treatment must be below the melting point and the dissolution temperature of the porous metal layer.
In the embodiment, shown in Fig. 2, the rolls 30 are positioned at a point within the annealing furnace sufficiently remotefrom the entrance to permit preheating of the strip 20. In this instance, it is desirable that the strip attains a temperature suilicient to soften the strip 20 so as to reduce the pressure necessary for the rolling in operation prior to rolling. Obviously this temperature is not limiting since the rolls may be placed external of the furnace as shownin Fig. 1 but to gain any substantial benefit over the externally placed rolls, the strip should be preheated. Also the preheating will provide a better bond between the metal of the strip 20 and porous metal since the strips in passing through the annealing furnace are uxed to a certain extent by the atmosphere within the furnace which is a non-oxidizing atmosphere and preferably a reducing atmosphere. Obviously a reducing atmosphere will increase the iluxing by removing certain oxides from the surface of the metals.
It has been found that rolled in metal actually flows under rolling either hot or cold and is mechanlcally forced into the pores of the porous metal to completely fill the pores whereby satisfactory interlock is obtained.
While the embodiments of the present invention as herein disclosed, constitute preferred forms, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.
What is claimed is as follows:
1. In a method of making composite stock the steps comprising; providing a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to strong non-porous metal said highly porous metal layer being formed by sintering loose, substantially non-compacted superimposing the more ductile stock upon thel through the medium of the porous metal layer.
metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores which inherently include reentrant angles therein, rolling a sheet of a metal of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface of the porous metal whereby portions of the more ductile metal are forced into the pores of the porous metal.
2. The method defined in claim 1 with the said stocks, at a temperature below the melting point of either said stocks and under reducing conditions for nuxing the surfaces of said stocks,
4. In the method of making composite stock, the steps comprising; provided a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porous metal layer being formed by sintering loose, substantially non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores-which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rollingA a sheet of lead alloy material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface ofthe porous metal whereby portions of the lead alloy are forced into the pores of the porous metal.
5. In the method of making composite stock, the steps comprising; providing a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porousmetal layer being formed by sintering loose, substantially non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores'which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rolling a sheet of aluminum material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface of the porous metal whereby portions of the aluminum are forced into the poresof the porous metal.
6. In the method of making composite stock, the steps comprising; providing a highly porous metal layer metallurgically bonded to a strong non-porous metal, said highly porous metal layer being formed by sintering loose,` substantiallyv non-compacted metal powder onto the surface of the non-porous metal for forming a layer having pores which inherently include reentrant angles therein, and then rolling a sheet of aluminum alloy material of continuous extent and more ductile than the porous metal layer onto the surface of the porous metal whereby portions of the aluminum alloy are `forced into the pores of the porous metal.
` HAROLD W. SCHULTZ. JOHN M. ROBERTSON. OLAF RASMUSSEN.
v REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
US603599A 1945-07-07 1945-07-07 Method of making composite stock Expired - Lifetime US2490549A (en)

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2683835A (en) * 1949-02-19 1954-07-13 Rca Corp Electron tube structure
US2687565A (en) * 1951-02-21 1954-08-31 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel
US2735170A (en) * 1956-02-21 Method-of producing a multilayer strep
US2752667A (en) * 1947-08-20 1956-07-03 Clevite Corp Bearings
US2759250A (en) * 1951-02-21 1956-08-21 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel and article produced thereby
US2763058A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-09-18 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of producing steel-aluminum bi-metal strip
US2773302A (en) * 1951-06-21 1956-12-11 Lukens Steel Co Pack for making rolled aluminum clad plate
US2809422A (en) * 1954-05-21 1957-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Method of making a composite article
US2851277A (en) * 1955-08-04 1958-09-09 Hartvig E Holmberg Laminated ski
US2959999A (en) * 1954-02-23 1960-11-15 Hi Shear Rivet Tool Company Hollow rivet having expander nut with curved deflector section and grooved locking rib
US2970068A (en) * 1955-03-07 1961-01-31 Union Carbide Corp Method of making a composite stock
US3064112A (en) * 1958-03-25 1962-11-13 Sunbeam Corp Cooking vessel and method of making the same
DE1139714B (en) * 1958-07-04 1962-11-15 Artur E Deubner Process for the mechanical production of a primer on metal surfaces
US3230618A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-01-25 Olin Mathieson Metal fabrication
US3257835A (en) * 1964-11-12 1966-06-28 Southwire Co Method of hot forming metal
US3276103A (en) * 1964-02-29 1966-10-04 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Method of applying a thin bearing metal strip to a porous layer of a composite backing strip
US3729805A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-05-01 Gen Motors Corp Method of producing stainless steel-low carbon steel composites
US3755881A (en) * 1971-06-11 1973-09-04 Texas Instruments Inc Methods for making edgelay thermostatic bimetals
US3948689A (en) * 1969-06-30 1976-04-06 Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Chromic-phosphoric acid coated aluminized steel
US3966426A (en) * 1972-03-24 1976-06-29 White-Westinghouse Corporation Cooking vessel for use with induction heating cooking unit
US4008845A (en) * 1973-07-16 1977-02-22 Richard Bleckmann Method of positive and non-positive cold-joining
WO2014059073A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Federal-Mogul Corporation Bi-material strip and a method of bonding strips of different materials together

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1302563A (en) * 1916-05-31 1919-05-06 Pressed Bearing Company Inc Method for making lined bearings.
US1346062A (en) * 1918-07-10 1920-07-06 Gen Electric Process of treating metals
US1729747A (en) * 1925-12-09 1929-10-01 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of bonding dissimilar metals
US2170361A (en) * 1938-04-04 1939-08-22 Reynolds Metals Co Method of making ductile laminated metal
US2171040A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-08-29 Aluminum Co Of America Composite sheet metal body and method of producing the same
US2251410A (en) * 1939-04-27 1941-08-05 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal structure and method of making same
US2267342A (en) * 1939-04-07 1941-12-23 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of making composite strip
US2289658A (en) * 1939-05-01 1942-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Method of making composite metal elements
US2303869A (en) * 1938-12-07 1942-12-01 Gen Electric Treatment of metals
US2332737A (en) * 1940-07-23 1943-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal article
US2359361A (en) * 1942-03-06 1944-10-03 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal element and method of making same
US2366168A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-02 Dow Chemical Co Bonding magnesium-alloy sheets

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1302563A (en) * 1916-05-31 1919-05-06 Pressed Bearing Company Inc Method for making lined bearings.
US1346062A (en) * 1918-07-10 1920-07-06 Gen Electric Process of treating metals
US1729747A (en) * 1925-12-09 1929-10-01 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of bonding dissimilar metals
US2170361A (en) * 1938-04-04 1939-08-22 Reynolds Metals Co Method of making ductile laminated metal
US2171040A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-08-29 Aluminum Co Of America Composite sheet metal body and method of producing the same
US2303869A (en) * 1938-12-07 1942-12-01 Gen Electric Treatment of metals
US2267342A (en) * 1939-04-07 1941-12-23 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of making composite strip
US2251410A (en) * 1939-04-27 1941-08-05 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal structure and method of making same
US2289658A (en) * 1939-05-01 1942-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Method of making composite metal elements
US2332737A (en) * 1940-07-23 1943-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal article
US2359361A (en) * 1942-03-06 1944-10-03 Gen Motors Corp Composite metal element and method of making same
US2366168A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-02 Dow Chemical Co Bonding magnesium-alloy sheets

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735170A (en) * 1956-02-21 Method-of producing a multilayer strep
US2752667A (en) * 1947-08-20 1956-07-03 Clevite Corp Bearings
US2683835A (en) * 1949-02-19 1954-07-13 Rca Corp Electron tube structure
US2687565A (en) * 1951-02-21 1954-08-31 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel
US2759250A (en) * 1951-02-21 1956-08-21 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel and article produced thereby
US2773302A (en) * 1951-06-21 1956-12-11 Lukens Steel Co Pack for making rolled aluminum clad plate
US2763058A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-09-18 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of producing steel-aluminum bi-metal strip
US2959999A (en) * 1954-02-23 1960-11-15 Hi Shear Rivet Tool Company Hollow rivet having expander nut with curved deflector section and grooved locking rib
US2809422A (en) * 1954-05-21 1957-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Method of making a composite article
US2970068A (en) * 1955-03-07 1961-01-31 Union Carbide Corp Method of making a composite stock
US2851277A (en) * 1955-08-04 1958-09-09 Hartvig E Holmberg Laminated ski
US3064112A (en) * 1958-03-25 1962-11-13 Sunbeam Corp Cooking vessel and method of making the same
DE1139714B (en) * 1958-07-04 1962-11-15 Artur E Deubner Process for the mechanical production of a primer on metal surfaces
US3230618A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-01-25 Olin Mathieson Metal fabrication
US3276103A (en) * 1964-02-29 1966-10-04 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Method of applying a thin bearing metal strip to a porous layer of a composite backing strip
US3257835A (en) * 1964-11-12 1966-06-28 Southwire Co Method of hot forming metal
US3948689A (en) * 1969-06-30 1976-04-06 Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Chromic-phosphoric acid coated aluminized steel
US3755881A (en) * 1971-06-11 1973-09-04 Texas Instruments Inc Methods for making edgelay thermostatic bimetals
US3729805A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-05-01 Gen Motors Corp Method of producing stainless steel-low carbon steel composites
US3966426A (en) * 1972-03-24 1976-06-29 White-Westinghouse Corporation Cooking vessel for use with induction heating cooking unit
US4008845A (en) * 1973-07-16 1977-02-22 Richard Bleckmann Method of positive and non-positive cold-joining
WO2014059073A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Federal-Mogul Corporation Bi-material strip and a method of bonding strips of different materials together
US9108275B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2015-08-18 Federal-Mogul Corporation Bi-material strip and a method of bonding strips of different materials together

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